This paper presents the use of electrodeformation as a method for single cell mechanical characterization in which mechanical properties of SiHa and ME180 cells (two cervical cancer cell lines) were quantified. Cells were directly placed between two microelectrodes with a rectangular ac electric field applied, and cell deformation was recorded under certain experimental conditions. Numerical simulations were performed to model cell electrodeformation based on the Maxwell stress tensor formulation. In these simulations, effects of cell electrical property variations on their electrodeformed behavior were investigated. By comparing the measured morphological changes with those obtained from numerical simulations, we were able to quantify Young's modulus of SiHa cells (601 ± 183 Pa) and ME180 cells (1463 ± 649 Pa). These values were consistent with Young's modulus values (SiHa: 400 ± 290 Pa and ME180: 1070 ± 580 Pa) obtained from conventional micropipette aspiration.

A growing number of initiatives on nanotechnology research, education, and industry have been recently launched by several Arab countries to quickly build scientific capacity and track worldwide developments in nanotechnology. Some countries, namely, the oil-rich countries, have allocated large funds to support these initiatives, which are intended to serve the national interests in energy, water and food supply, medicine, and local industry. The other Arab countries are also pursuing nanotechnology, however, with fewer funds but with more human resources. This study assesses the current status of nanotechnology in the Arab Republic of Egypt, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Kingdom of Morocco, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Republic of Tunisia, State of Kuwait, State of Qatar, Sultanate of Oman, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study is aimed at having a top-level overview of the status of existing, underdevelopment, and planed educational and research programs relevant to nanotechnology. The overview also includes nanotechnology research focus areas, challenges, and opportunities.

As digital microfluidics technology evolves, the need for integrating additional elements (e.g., sensing/detection and heating elements) on the electrode increases. Consequently, electrode area for droplet actuation is reduced to create space for accommodating these additional elements, which undesirably affects force generation. Electrodes cannot simply be scaled larger to compensate for this loss of force, as this would also increase droplet volume and thereby compromise the advantages thought in miniaturization. Here, we present a study evaluating, numerically with preliminary experimental verification, different partially filled electrode designs and suggesting designs that combine high actuation forces with a large reduction in electrode area.

In this paper a mathematical model for swash plate compressor is presented. Using this model, the description of the swash plate motion and the average power input to the compressor was derived as a function of the compressor geometry and angular speed under different operating conditions. The performance of an automotive air conditioning system provided with a swash compressor type is experimentally studied. The theoretical and experimental studies of the swash plate compressor indicate that the average power acting on the swash compressor mainly depends upon the swash plate inclination angle, rotational speed and system pressure. It is concluded that, small value of the swash plate inclined angle is necessary for decreasing the power lost due to friction between the slipper and the swash plate and decreasing the shaft power required for the swash compressor. Also, in the design case when a long stroke and minimum shaft power for the swash plate compressor are required, the present analysis is very important for selecting the suitable inclined angle and the stroke length of the swash compressor. The experimental results show that low rotational speed, high cooling capacity and low shaft power per unit refrigerant mass flow rates are required for high values of coefficient of performance and volumetric efficiency. The coefficient of performance relative to that obtained for the corresponding Carnot cycle is parabolically decreased by increasing the shaft power per unit refrigerant mass flow rates. The shaft power values obtained from the theoretical results agree with those obtained from a simulated program prepared by the manufacture company of the swash compressor [8] under different operating conditions.

In this paper a mathematical model for swash plate compressor is presented. Using this model, the description of the swash plate motion and the average power input to the compressor was derived as a function of the compressor geometry and angular speed under different operating conditions. The performance of an automotive air conditioning system provided with a swash compressor type is experimentally studied. The theoretical and experimental studies of the swash plate compressor indicate that the average power acting on the swash compressor mainly depends upon the swash plate inclination angle, rotational speed and system pressure. It is concluded that, small value of the swash plate inclined angle is necessary for decreasing the power lost due to friction between the slipper and the swash plate and decreasing the shaft power required for the swash compressor. Also, in the design case when a long stroke and minimum shaft power for the swash plate compressor are required, the present analysis is very important for selecting the suitable inclined angle and the stroke length of the swash compressor. The experimental results show that low rotational speed, high cooling capacity and low shaft power per unit refrigerant mass flow rates are required for high values of coefficient of performance and volumetric efficiency. The coefficient of performance relative to that obtained for the corresponding Carnot cycle is parabolically decreased by increasing the shaft power per unit refrigerant mass flow rates. The shaft power values obtained from the theoretical results agree with those obtained from a simulated program prepared by the manufacture company of the swash compressor [8] under different operating conditions.

In this paper a mathematical model for swash plate compressor is presented. Using this model, the description of the swash plate motion and the average power input to the compressor was derived as a function of the compressor geometry and angular speed under different operating conditions. The performance of an automotive air conditioning system provided with a swash compressor type is experimentally studied. The theoretical and experimental studies of the swash plate compressor indicate that the average power acting on the swash compressor mainly depends upon the swash plate inclination angle, rotational speed and system pressure. It is concluded that, small value of the swash plate inclined angle is necessary for decreasing the power lost due to friction between the slipper and the swash plate and decreasing the shaft power required for the swash compressor. Also, in the design case when a long stroke and minimum shaft power for the swash plate compressor are required, the present analysis is very important for selecting the suitable inclined angle and the stroke length of the swash compressor. The experimental results show that low rotational speed, high cooling capacity and low shaft power per unit refrigerant mass flow rates are required for high values of coefficient of performance and volumetric efficiency. The coefficient of performance relative to that obtained for the corresponding Carnot cycle is parabolically decreased by increasing the shaft power per unit refrigerant mass flow rates. The shaft power values obtained from the theoretical results agree with those obtained from a simulated program prepared by the manufacture company of the swash compressor [8] under different operating conditions.