In the present study, an investigation of the effect of using acetic acid (CH3COOH) in condenser de scaling on the exhaust emissions and the performance of Assiut Thermal Power Plant. Efficient condenser operation maintains turbine efficiency; benefits consumers by reducing the amount of emissions. Condenser vacuum has a great effect on the unit efficiency to a degree that it reduces the generated load by 112 MW (35.9%) in unit one of Assiut Power Plant and to the extent that cleaning became very necessary. From environmentally point of view an organic, biodegradable, locally produced, effective and cheap de-scaling agent was the very applicable one and this meet with acetic acid. Actually, condenser cleaning leads to an improvement in the turbine efficiency and raises the maximum load generated from the unit (from 200 MW before cleaning to 290 MW after cleaning), decreases fuel consumed for MW (from 249 kg/MWh at load 200 MW to 220 kg/MWh at load 290 MW), reduces the overall fuel consumption, consequently, reduces emissions as CO, CO2, SOx, NOx, ground level ozone, PM, VOC, ashes, solid deposits, haze, thermal pollution, and reduces contribution to global warming, heat island effect at Assiut city. In brief, the condenser cleaning process reduces the environmental pollution from the unit which in turn minimizes the health impact of these pollutants.

Modern industrial operations wouldn't accept old defects to be present in the new products, especially that many products include electronic parts or connections that are very sensitive to the level of finish. Burr formation in drilling operations causes products to be rejected or sent for deburring. Since deburring is a costly and non-value-added operation, the understanding and control of burr formation is a research topic with high relevance to industrial applications. In order to investigate and improve burr formation, a spring was mounted over the bench drill spindle to measure the cutting force and attempt to know its influence on the burr outcome of the operation.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has received recently a great attention from large organizations and researchers due to the dropping tag costs and vigorous RFID standardization. They are becoming more common in daily use to identify, locate and track people, assets, and animals. Number of protocols has been proposed in the literature for the security of RFID against passive attacks. One of the well-known protocols is the HB family protocol which utilizes the complexity of decoding linear codes for RFID security against passive attacks. The nonlinear HB (NLHB) is one member of the HB family protocol which achieves high security by reducing the provably hard problem of decoding a class of nonlinear codes to passive attacks. This paper introduces Multi-Nonlinear Stages to the HB protocol to enhance its security against passive attacks. More specifically, the paper presents two Multi-Nonlinear versions of the HB protocol; Double-Nonlinear HB (DNLHB), and Triple-Nonlinear HB (TNLHB). The proposed protocols increase significantly the security of RFID systems against passive attacks at a lower implementation cost.

The macro-models method is one of the main categories for modeling infills based on the equivalent strut method. The basic parameter of these struts is their equivalent width, which affects the stiffness and strength. This paper presents a general review of several expressions proposed by researchers to calculate this equivalent width. The comparative study of different expressions shows that the Paulay and Priestley equation is the most suitable choice for calculating the diagonal equivalent strut width, due to its simplicity and because it gives an approximate average value among those studied in this paper. Consequently, the model will be used in our further study for analysis of RC infilled frames.

The macro-models method is one of the main categories for modeling infills based on the equivalent strut method. The basic parameter of these struts is their equivalent width, which affects the stiffness and strength. This paper presents a general review of several expressions proposed by researchers to calculate this equivalent width. The comparative study of different expressions shows that the Paulay and Priestley equation is the most suitable choice for calculating the diagonal equivalent strut width, due to its simplicity and because it gives an approximate average value among those studied in this paper. Consequently, the model will be used in our further study for analysis of RC infilled frames.

During recent years, Egypt water treatment plants allocated on the banks of River Nile have faced few accidents of hydrocarbon spills into the River which forced the operators to shout down many plants from Aswan to Cairo. Nevertheless, water supply applying the natural and low-cost technique called riverbank filtration "RBF" has been used worldwide. For more than 100 years, RBF that has been used in Europe for public and industrial water supply along Rhine, Elbe, and Danube rivers. In RBF method, the surface water contaminants are removed or degraded as the infiltrating water moves from the river or lake to the abstraction wells. Physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes occur during this technique. In this work, RBF site which is located in east bank of river Nile at Upper Egypt was investigated. This site was established to supply potable water to the construction staff of about 3000 residents, of the new Naga Hammadi Barrage, Qena governorate. It consists of two productive wells of 55 m depth located at 100 m apart from River Nile. No further treatment processes were used except disinfection applying chlorine as calcium hypochlorite. Water samples from abstraction wells were collected for physiochemical and microbiological measurements. Quality analysis of the samples indicates that the produced water using RBF technique complies with allowable standards for drinking purposes. The results have proven RBF effectiveness for water supply from river Nile in Upper Egypt and motivate its integration with tradition plants to secure water supply from Nile during the chemical pollution of Nile.

Concrete columns have an important function in the structural concept of many structures. Often, these columns are vulnerable to exceptional loads (such as impact, explosion or seismic loads) , load increase ( increasing use or change of function of structures, etc.) and degradation ( corrosion of steel reinforcement, alkali silica reaction , etc.). On the other hand, confinement of concrete is an efficient technique to enhance the structural behavior of concrete members primarily subjected to compression .Structural repair and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is becoming an increasing important option for all deteriorated / damaged structures to restore, enhance the load bearing capacity and increase the life span of the structure. The strengthening of concrete structures with externally bonded reinforcement is generally done using either steel plates or FRP laminates. The main disadvantages of using steel plates are steel corrosion in the adhesion zone, heavy weight and excessive size of single plates. With the development of technology , the use of high- strength concrete members has proved most popular in terms of economy, superior strength , stiffness, and durability. With the increase of concrete strength, the ultimate strength of the columns increases, but a relatively more brittle failure occurs. The lack of ductility of high strength concrete results in sudden failure without warning, which is a serious drawback. [1] .The application of FRP in the construction industry can eliminate some unwanted properties of high strength concrete , such as its brittle behavior [2,3]. To study the behavior of normal and high strength circular R.C.columns confined with CFRP under statically load, tests on columns wrapped with FRP have been executed. The efficiency of externally bonded CFRP of circular R.C.columnsis declared and evaluated .

The safe operations at longwall face depend on the type and capacity of the powered roof supports. At Abu-Tartur longwall phosphate mine, two types of powered roof support with various capacities were tried earlier. The two leg shield power supports was applied finally. The main problem at Abu-Tartur longwall mines is the high frequency of roof rock falls during face advance. Roof collapse is due to an inadequate capacity of the chosen powered supports. So, in this paper the load exerted on the shield support is calculated by different methods and taking into consideration the actual roof conditions by rock mass classification system to select the suitable type of the supports. From these calculations, it is found that the average maximum pressure on the supports is about 416t/m with the yield pressure on the shield support of a value of 520t/m. Different items are recommended such as; increase the rate of the advance, exploit ore in two consecutive shifts, decrease the period of the face stoppage and small thickness about 30cm from phosphate ore should be left in the roof during exploitation to ensure stability during face advance. The following shearer is recommended to increase rate of face advance. The specification of this shearer are model Cat EL 3000/2011with typical length 15.2 m, seam thickness range from 2.5 to 5.5 m, cutting drum diameter up to 2.7 m, haulage speed up to 32 m per min, cutting drum speed 54.3 rpm and bits drum hardness up to 68.4 Mpa is to secure high rate of face advance. Shield support model Kottadih, CDFI,France, 2x470 is selected for Abu Tartur mining conditions to support the face during working.

The safe operations at longwall face depend on the type and capacity of the powered roof supports. At Abu-Tartur longwall phosphate mine, two types of powered roof support with various capacities were tried earlier. The two leg shield power supports was applied finally. The main problem at Abu-Tartur longwall mines is the high frequency of roof rock falls during face advance. Roof collapse is due to an inadequate capacity of the chosen powered supports. So, in this paper the load exerted on the shield support is calculated by different methods and taking into consideration the actual roof conditions by rock mass classification system to select the suitable type of the supports. From these calculations, it is found that the average maximum pressure on the supports is about 416t/m with the yield pressure on the shield support of a value of 520t/m. Different items are recommended such as; increase the rate of the advance, exploit ore in two consecutive shifts, decrease the period of the face stoppage and small thickness about 30cm from phosphate ore should be left in the roof during exploitation to ensure stability during face advance. The following shearer is recommended to increase rate of face advance. The specification of this shearer are model Cat EL 3000/2011with typical length 15.2 m, seam thickness range from 2.5 to 5.5 m, cutting drum diameter up to 2.7 m, haulage speed up to 32 m per min, cutting drum speed 54.3 rpm and bits drum hardness up to 68.4 Mpa is to secure high rate of face advance. Shield support model Kottadih, CDFI,France, 2x470 is selected for Abu Tartur mining conditions to support the face during working.

The safe operations at longwall face depend on the type and capacity of the powered roof supports. At Abu-Tartur longwall phosphate mine, two types of powered roof support with various capacities were tried earlier. The two leg shield power supports was applied finally. The main problem at Abu-Tartur longwall mines is the high frequency of roof rock falls during face advance. Roof collapse is due to an inadequate capacity of the chosen powered supports. So, in this paper the load exerted on the shield support is calculated by different methods and taking into consideration the actual roof conditions by rock mass classification system to select the suitable type of the supports. From these calculations, it is found that the average maximum pressure on the supports is about 416t/m with the yield pressure on the shield support of a value of 520t/m. Different items are recommended such as; increase the rate of the advance, exploit ore in two consecutive shifts, decrease the period of the face stoppage and small thickness about 30cm from phosphate ore should be left in the roof during exploitation to ensure stability during face advance. The following shearer is recommended to increase rate of face advance. The specification of this shearer are model Cat EL 3000/2011with typical length 15.2 m, seam thickness range from 2.5 to 5.5 m, cutting drum diameter up to 2.7 m, haulage speed up to 32 m per min, cutting drum speed 54.3 rpm and bits drum hardness up to 68.4 Mpa is to secure high rate of face advance. Shield support model Kottadih, CDFI,France, 2x470 is selected for Abu Tartur mining conditions to support the face during working.