This study presents an integrated modeling approach to evaluate pedestrian satisfaction in new urban cities characterized by rapid growth and limited multimodal connectivity. A structured questionnaire, distributed to stratified participants across residential, administrative, and service zones, captured user perceptions of 13 key urban design features, including safety, accessibility, visual coherence, and economic vibrancy. Descriptive statistics and visual analytics revealed that accessibility, protection from crime and traffic, and urban aesthetics were strong correlates of satisfaction. To model these relationships quantitatively,the study employed both ordinal and multinomial logistic regression, with the latter achieving 92.45% classification accuracy. K-means clustering and principal component analysis further uncovered latent user typologies, highlighting the heterogeneity of pedestrian priorities. Local and global sensitivity analyses, including mutual information metrics, identified easy access, protection from traffic, and crime prevention as the most influential features. Response surface modeling illustrated nonlinear interactions among key variables, emphasizing the multidimensional and synergistic nature of satisfaction outcomes. The findings showed that pedestrian experience is shaped not by isolated design features, but by their interactive effects across spatial, psychological, and infrastructural domains. The study offers actionable insights for human-centered urban design, while the presented analytical framework is scalable and supports evidence-based interventions in emerging urban contexts.

Land surveying is considered one of the main activities in executing construction projects. Therefore, it is exposed to various risks, while the most important of which are environmental risks. For that, this study addresses and identifies the expected environmental risk factors associated with Land Surveying Execution (LSE) in construction projects. Twenty three environmental risk factors influencing LSE are identified under three main categories including atmospheric and climatic conditions category, topographical features and physical site barriers category, and logistical, operational, regulatory, and data integrity category. Identification and qualification analyses are conducted to define the priorities of risk factors affecting the cost of LSE which represents the main objective of such projects. Further, the risk breakdown structure is developed. Data concerning the characteristics of the identified risks and the probability of occurrence and impact of risk factors on LSE cost is collected and analyzed. The results showed that a risk factor related to “High traffic or dense urban areas causing operational delays” is the most likely to be occurred in these projects. Further, a risk factor which is related to “Marker movement due to ground subsidence or landslide risk”, is the most factor with impact on LSE cost. The combined effect of the probability and impact is calculated in the form of severity for all risk factors, and the highest severity value is for “High traffic or dense urban areas causing operational delays”. The third category is found to be the riskiest one because it has the largest number of crucial risk factors and has the uppermost cumulative and average cost severity values.

Green building (GB) projects in the Middle East encounter several causes of waste during design and construction phases, impacting their economic, environmental, and social goals. This study aims to identify these causes of waste and assess their impact on project objectives. Forty-five causes are identified and classified into five categories: G01) Green Materials, (G02) Green Building Design, (G03) Sustainable Site, (G04) Green Building Technologies, and (G05) Green Building Stakeholders. Field surveys, including semi-structured interviews, brainstorming sessions, and a questionnaire, are conducted to evaluate each cause's impact on GB goals. The findings reveal that the most significant cause of waste, with the highest influence on GB objectives, is “Poor assessment of site conditions before design, such as topography, hydrology, climate, vegetation, and soil.” Additionally, the cause of waste, which refers to the Lack of experience of green building designers, contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers in executing green buildings, is also a critical factor, as it highly affects the project objectives. This study helps project managers identify the key causes of waste in green building projects during the design and construction phases and develop strategies to minimize their effects. In addition, designers and decision-makers can use these insights to ensure they meet the requirements of various green building rating systems such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design).