This study presents an integrated techno-economic, environmental, and sensitivity analysis of hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy systems designed to supply a peak load of 3.5 MVA to a remote tourist resort in Ras Al-Hekma City, Egypt. Multiple configurations; PV- and wind-based; were examined, each incorporating combinations of battery storage (BS), fuel cells (FC), and hybrid FC/BS systems under off-grid conditions. The assessment evaluates system performance, cost of energy (COE), capital and operational expenditures, and resilience across different scenarios using real-site solar and wind resource data. Among PV-based systems, the PV/BS configuration demonstrated the lowest COE at $0.076/kWh, offering simplicity and economic efficiency, while the PV/FC/BS setup provided a balanced trade-off between reliability and cost. For wind-based systems, Wind/BS achieved the lowest COE at $0.067/kWh, making it the most cost-effective, whereas Wind/FC/BS offered the highest resilience at a higher cost. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis identified solar irradiance, wind speed, and component costs as the most influential parameters affecting system performance and COE. The findings underscore the feasibility of deploying hybrid renewable energy systems in coastal, off-grid locations and contribute to Egypt’s strategic goals for renewable energy integration and sustainable development.

The increasing global demand for clean water and sustainable energy solutions has driven the exploration of hybrid renewable energy systems for desalination applications. This study investigates the optimal sizing of a stand-alone hybrid energy system comprising photovoltaic (PV) panels, fuel cells (FC), and battery storage (BS) to power a seawater desalination (SD) plant and meet the electrical load of a tourist resort in Ras Al-Hekma City, Egypt. The resort's total electrical demand of 3.5 MVA includes a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant, lighting, air conditioning, and a wastewater treatment facility. Three system configurations; PV/BS, PV/FC, and PV/FC/BS; were analyzed to determine the most cost-effective and reliable solution. The performance of each system was evaluated based on energy production, storage requirements, and economic metrics such as the cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC). Results indicate that the PV/FC/BS hybrid system offers a balanced solution with a COE of 0.081 $/kWh, combining the reliability of fuel cells with the sustainability of solar energy and battery storage. This research highlights the potential of hybrid renewable energy systems to address water scarcity and energy challenges in remote coastal regions while contributing to Egypt's renewable energy goals.

Reliable multilevel inverter IGBT modules require precise loss and heat management, particularly in severe traction applications. This paper presents a comprehensive modeling framework for three-level T-type neutral-point clamped (TNPC) inverters using a high-power Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module that combines model predictive control (MPC) with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to methodically tune the MPC cost function weights for minimization, while achieving a balance between output current tracking, stabilization of the neutral-point voltage, and, consequently, a uniform distribution of thermal stress. The proposed SVPWM-MPC algorithm selects optimal switching states, which are then utilized in a chip-level loss model coupled with a Cauer RC thermal network to predict transient chip-level junction temperatures dynamically. The proposed framework is executed in MATLAB R2024b and validated with experiments, and the SemiSel industrial thermal simulation tool, demonstrating both control effectiveness and accuracy of the electro-thermal model. The results demonstrate that the proposed control method can sustain neutral-point voltage imbalance of less than 0.45% when operating at 25% load and approximately 1% under full load working conditions, while accomplishing a uniform junction temperature profile in all inverter legs across different working conditions. Moreover, the results indicate that the proposed control and modeling structure is an effective and common-sense way to perform coordinated electrical and thermal management, effectively allowing for predesign and reliability testing of high-power TNPC inverters.

Additive Manufacturing is a promising technique for expanding the boundaries of Metal Matrix Composites. In this study, Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) technique, employing Electron Beam as the heat source, was used to print Ti6Al4V metal matrix in different geometric shapes with a new approach for MMC fabrication. Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) powder was then incorporated into these pattern shapes, compacted, and sintered to bind the powder particles together. The findings showed that successful sintering was achieved, resulting in the formation of a flexible interface region, with the circular design achieving the best interface region among all pattern designs. Regarding the mechanical performance evaluation of the developed Metal Matrix Composites, it was found that the mechanical strength was significantly increased with the hexagonal and circular patterns achieving the best results. Future research …

Six-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) provide improved fault tolerance and reliability, making them well-suited for critical applications like aerospace and hybrid electric vehicle systems. Nonetheless, guaranteeing torque stability while keeping phase currents within safe limits during fault scenarios poses considerable challenges. Conventional control strategies struggle with current redistribution when phase faults occur, leading to torque oscillations and potentially damaging current levels in remaining healthy phases. This paper proposes a Fault-Tolerant Model Predictive Control (FT-MPC) strategy that optimizes current distribution in six-phase PMSMs to maintain smooth torque output while strictly adhering to peak current constraints. The proposed approach employs a predictive model to calculate optimal current references during the transition from six-phase to three-phase operation, implementing a cost function that balances torque maintenance with current limitation requirements. Simulation analysis and experimental testing on a 3 kW six-phase PMSM setup are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed FT-MPC under various fault scenarios, comparing it with the conventional controllers. Compared to conventional controllers, the proposed method prevents current spikes during phase-switching transients while maintaining torque within reference values. Additionally, the controller successfully limits currents in healthy phases to remain below predetermined thresholds, preventing thermal damage while maximizing available torque. The comprehensive experimental results confirm that the FT-MPC approach significantly enhances system reliability and performance during fault conditions. It is particularly suitable for electric vehicle propulsion systems, aerospace applications, and other safety-critical industrial drives requiring faulttolerant operation.