The main objective of this paper is to allow renewable energy sources (RES) to actively participate within hybrid microgrid by proposing a new control system based on fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) controller. Fractional order proportional integral controller is a classical proportional integral (PI) in which the integral part is a fraction instead of integer numbers. The paper introduces a hybrid photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine and battery storage system connected to a three-phase grid. Three types of controller are considered and compared for a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), namely, FOPI, PI, and the fractional order integral control (FIC). For the PV resource, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller was designed using the incremental conductance plus integral regulator technique. A DC/DC boost converter was utilized to connect the renewable energy resources to a point of common coupling. MATLAB/Simulink is adopted to perform the simulation results of the developed HRES. The results show that the FOPI controller outperforms other controllers under several operating conditions. The paper also includes experimental results from a prototype real scale.

This paper introduces the design and implementation of a wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor (CIS) with high sensitivity. The sensor is designed and implemented in a 130 nm CMOS technology. The pixel occupies an area of 3 µm x 3 µm and consists of six NMOS transistors with one capacitor. The readout circuit features an extremely low output noise of 19 µVrms with a 4 MHz bandwidth. Power dissipation of 11.2 µW was achieved at low voltage operation of 1.6 V. The sensor has a combination of low noise and a 97 dB wide dynamic range due to the diode connected load configuration.

This paper introduces the design and implementation of a wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor (CIS) with high sensitivity. The sensor is designed and implemented in a 130 nm CMOS technology. The pixel occupies an area of 3 µm x 3 µm and consists of six NMOS transistors with one capacitor. The readout circuit features an extremely low output noise of 19 µVrms with a 4 MHz bandwidth. Power dissipation of 11.2 µW was achieved at low voltage operation of 1.6 V. The sensor has a combination of low noise and a 97 dB wide dynamic range due to the diode connected load configuration.

This paper introduces the design and implementation of a wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor (CIS) with high sensitivity. The sensor is designed and implemented in a 130 nm CMOS technology. The pixel occupies an area of 3 µm x 3 µm and consists of six NMOS transistors with one capacitor. The readout circuit features an extremely low output noise of 19 µVrms with a 4 MHz bandwidth. Power dissipation of 11.2 µW was achieved at low voltage operation of 1.6 V. The sensor has a combination of low noise and a 97 dB wide dynamic range due to the diode connected load configuration.

Wheeled mobile robots are popular because of relatively low mechanical complexity and energy consumption. The need of personal mobility supporting personal movement for the aging society is increasing. As mobility needs limited independent power sources, energy management is the key factor to complete tasks. This paper presents a wheeled device with a redundant drive system to continue its motion safely when one of the motors breaks down for some causes. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in saving energy approximately by 33 % compared to a conventional one.

This article presents sliding mode–based robust tracking control for a redundant wheeled drive system, which is designed for energy saving and fail safe motion. Wheeled mobile robots are widely used in different applications such as a wheelchair and an automated guided vehicle because of their loading capability, low mechanical complexity, and simple engineering design. In addition, using wheeled mobile robots is an effective way to enhance the quality of life for elderly and disabled people to promote their independence and to extend their activities. Wheeled mobile robots are generally operated using embedded batteries, which determine the operating time. Therefore, saving energy motion is a significant requirement to extend the operation time. The dynamics of a redundant wheeled drive system is described. Distribution control and sliding mode control for wheeled mobile robots are proposed, and its stability is guaranteed based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated experimentally, providing superior results to conventional state feedback control and robust tracking in the real environment with less energy.

Mobile robots are widely used in many applications, such as transportation, military domain, searching, guidance, rescue, hazard detection, and carpet cleaning. Because mobile robots usually carry limited power sources, such as batteries, energy saving is an important concern. In particular, differential wheeled mobile robots that have two independently movable wheels are popular because of relatively low mechanical complexity to achieve three-dimensional motion on a ground. This article presents a new wheeled device with a redundant drive system which consists of three independently movable actuators and two planetary gears to connect the actuators to two wheels. The proposed system is able to continue its motion safely when one of the motors breaks down for some causes and also able to operate over a longer period of time due to energy saving consumption property. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in saving energy approximately by 20.45% for linear motion and 13.05% for circular motion compared to a conventional one

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The main purpose of this paper is to enhance the operation of renewable wind energy conversion (WEC) systems connected to power systems. To achieve this, we consider a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control approach for regulating the eects of a WEC system with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) on the synchronous generator (SG) rotor speed of the interconnected power system. First, we present the mathematical formulation of the interconnected power system comprises a single synchronous generator and a wind turbine with DFIG connected to an infinite bus bar system through a transmission line. We consider that the system is operated under various loading conditions and parameters variation. Second, a frequency damping oscillation observer is designed via Kalman filtering together with an optimal linear quadratic regulator to mitigate the impacts of the WEC system on the SG rotor speed. The performance of the developed interconnected power system is simulated using a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment to verify the eectiveness of the developed controller. In comparison with previously reported results, the proposed approach can stabilize the interconnected power system within 1.28 s compared to 1.3 s without the DFIG.

The main purpose of this paper is to enhance the operation of renewable wind energy conversion (WEC) systems connected to power systems. To achieve this, we consider a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control approach for regulating the eects of a WEC system with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) on the synchronous generator (SG) rotor speed of the interconnected power system. First, we present the mathematical formulation of the interconnected power system comprises a single synchronous generator and a wind turbine with DFIG connected to an infinite bus bar system through a transmission line. We consider that the system is operated under various loading conditions and parameters variation. Second, a frequency damping oscillation observer is designed via Kalman filtering together with an optimal linear quadratic regulator to mitigate the impacts of the WEC system on the SG rotor speed. The performance of the developed interconnected power system is simulated using a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment to verify the eectiveness of the developed controller. In comparison with previously reported results, the proposed approach can stabilize the interconnected power system within 1.28 s compared to 1.3 s without the DFIG.