Erosion and erosion–corrosion tests of as-built Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by Selective Laser Melting were investigated using slurries composed of SiO2 sand particles and either tap water (pure water) or 3.5% NaCl solution (artificial seawater). The microhardness value of selective laser melting (SLM)ed Ti-6Al-4V alloy increased as the impact angle increased. The synergistic effect of corrosion and erosion in seawater is always higher than erosion in pure water at all impact angles. The seawater environment caused the dissolution of vanadium oxide V2O5 on the surface of SLMed Ti-6Al-4V alloy due to the presence of Cl− ions in the seawater. These findings show lower microhardness values and high mass losses under the erosion–corrosion test compared to those under the erosion test at all impact angles.

Erosion and erosion–corrosion tests of as-built Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by Selective Laser Melting were investigated using slurries composed of SiO2 sand particles and either tap water (pure water) or 3.5% NaCl solution (artificial seawater). The microhardness value of selective laser melting (SLM)ed Ti-6Al-4V alloy increased as the impact angle increased. The synergistic effect of corrosion and erosion in seawater is always higher than erosion in pure water at all impact angles. The seawater environment caused the dissolution of vanadium oxide V2O5 on the surface of SLMed Ti-6Al-4V alloy due to the presence of Cl− ions in the seawater. These findings show lower microhardness values and high mass losses under the erosion–corrosion test compared to those under the erosion test at all impact angles.

In this paper, slurry erosion behaviour of a polymeric paint film coated on steel and impacted with silica was investigated. The investigated spray paint is commonly used in automobile paint systems to provide protection against mechanical and corrosive damages. Slurry erosion tests were conducted on the designed samples to investigate the effect of the common slurry erosion parameters, namely, slurry concentration, impact angle, and impact velocity, on the mass loss of the paint material as a response. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to study the contribution of the individual parameters and investigate the significant effect of them on the mass loss of the paint material. Moreover, a regression model was developed based on the ANOVA results to predict the response (mass loss) in terms of different values of the input parameters. The developed regression model was validated with the experimental results and found to be feasible. The results revealed that the slurry erosion increases by increasing the slurry concentration and impact velocity. In addition, the rate of erosion increases with the increase of the impact angle until the angle reaches 66°. Furthermore, the ANOVA illustrated that slurry concentration and impact angle are the most significant parameters influencing the mass loss of the paint material, whilst the impact velocity had the less significant impact. The obtained statistical results were confirmed by conducting extra experimental works.

In this paper, slurry erosion behaviour of a polymeric paint film coated on steel and impacted with silica was investigated. The investigated spray paint is commonly used in automobile paint systems to provide protection against mechanical and corrosive damages. Slurry erosion tests were conducted on the designed samples to investigate the effect of the common slurry erosion parameters, namely, slurry concentration, impact angle, and impact velocity, on the mass loss of the paint material as a response. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to study the contribution of the individual parameters and investigate the significant effect of them on the mass loss of the paint material. Moreover, a regression model was developed based on the ANOVA results to predict the response (mass loss) in terms of different values of the input parameters. The developed regression model was validated with the experimental results and found to be feasible. The results revealed that the slurry erosion increases by increasing the slurry concentration and impact velocity. In addition, the rate of erosion increases with the increase of the impact angle until the angle reaches 66°. Furthermore, the ANOVA illustrated that slurry concentration and impact angle are the most significant parameters influencing the mass loss of the paint material, whilst the impact velocity had the less significant impact. The obtained statistical results were confirmed by conducting extra experimental works.

In-place analysis for offshore platforms is required to make proper design for new structures and true assessment for existing structures. In addition, ensure the structural integrity of platforms components under the maximum and minimum operating loads and environmental conditions. In-place analysis was carried out to verify the robustness and capability of structural members with all appurtenances to support the applied loads in either operating condition or storm conditions. A nonlinear finite element analysis is adopted for the platform structure above the seabed and the pile–soil interaction to estimate the in-place behavior of a typical fixed offshore platform. The SACS software is utilized to calculate the natural frequencies of the model and to obtain the response of platform joints according to in-place analysis then the stresses at selected members, as well as their nodal displacements. The directions of environmental loads and water depth variations have an important effect on the results of the in-place analysis behavior. The influence of the soil-structure interaction on the response of the jacket foundation predicts is necessary to estimate the loads of the offshore platform well and real simulation of offshore foundation for the in-place analysis. The result of the study shows that the in-place response investigation is quite crucial for safe design and operation of offshore platform against the variation of environmental loads.

In-place analysis for offshore platforms is required to make proper design for new structures and true assessment for existing structures. In addition, ensure the structural integrity of platforms components under the maximum and minimum operating loads and environmental conditions. In-place analysis was carried out to verify the robustness and capability of structural members with all appurtenances to support the applied loads in either operating condition or storm conditions. A nonlinear finite element analysis is adopted for the platform structure above the seabed and the pile–soil interaction to estimate the in-place behavior of a typical fixed offshore platform. The SACS software is utilized to calculate the natural frequencies of the model and to obtain the response of platform joints according to in-place analysis then the stresses at selected members, as well as their nodal displacements. The directions of environmental loads and water depth variations have an important effect on the results of the in-place analysis behavior. The influence of the soil-structure interaction on the response of the jacket foundation predicts is necessary to estimate the loads of the offshore platform well and real simulation of offshore foundation for the in-place analysis. The result of the study shows that the in-place response investigation is quite crucial for safe design and operation of offshore platform against the variation of environmental loads.

In-place analysis for offshore platforms is required to make proper design for new structures and true assessment for existing structures. In addition, ensure the structural integrity of platforms components under the maximum and minimum operating loads and environmental conditions. In-place analysis was carried out to verify the robustness and capability of structural members with all appurtenances to support the applied loads in either operating condition or storm conditions. A nonlinear finite element analysis is adopted for the platform structure above the seabed and the pile–soil interaction to estimate the in-place behavior of a typical fixed offshore platform. The SACS software is utilized to calculate the natural frequencies of the model and to obtain the response of platform joints according to in-place analysis then the stresses at selected members, as well as their nodal displacements. The directions of environmental loads and water depth variations have an important effect on the results of the in-place analysis behavior. The influence of the soil-structure interaction on the response of the jacket foundation predicts is necessary to estimate the loads of the offshore platform well and real simulation of offshore foundation for the in-place analysis. The result of the study shows that the in-place response investigation is quite crucial for safe design and operation of offshore platform against the variation of environmental loads.

Abstract: Global warming is the greatest challenge faced by humankind, and the only way to reduce or totally eliminate its eects is by minimizing CO2 emissions. Electrostatic precipitators are very useful as a means to reduce emissions from heavy industry factories. This paper aims to examine the performance of wire-duct electrostatic precipitators (WDESP) as aected by high-temperature incoming gases with a varying number of discharge wires while increasing their radius. The precipitator performance is expressed in terms of the corona onset voltage on the stressed wires and the corona current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of the precipitators working with incoming gases at high temperatures. The start of the corona onset voltage on the surface of the discharge wires is calculated for the precipitators under high temperatures based on the standard of the self-repeat of avalanches’ electrons developing on the surface of the stressed wires at high temperatures. For this, calculating the electrostatic field in the precipitators with single- and multi-discharge wires due to the stressed wire with the use of the well-known charge simulation method (CSM) with high-temperature incoming gases is important. The modeling of corona I–V characteristics is adopted using the finite element method (FEM) for single- and multi- (3-, 5-, and 7-) discharge wires of WDESP with high-temperature incoming gases. Additionally, the electrostatic field, potential, and space charge of WDESP are calculated by a simultaneous solution of equations of Poisson, current density, and the continuity current density. A WDESP was set up in the Laboratory of High Voltage Engineering of Czech Technical University (CTU) in Prague, the Czech Republic, to measure the corona onset voltage values and corona I–V characteristics for dierent WDESP configurations at high temperatures with a varying number of discharge wires while increasing their radius. The calculated values of the corona onset voltage based on CSM and the calculated corona I–V characteristics based on FEM agree reasonably with those measured experimentally with high-temperature WDESP.

This research work aims to provide detailed feasibility, a techno-economic evaluation, and energy management of stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery (PV/DG/B) system. The proposed system can be applied to supply a specific load that is far away from the utility grid (UG) connection, and it is located in Minya city, Egypt, as a real case study. The daily required desalinated water is 250 m 3 . The total brackish water demands are 350-500 m 3 and 250-300 m 3 of water in summer and winter seasons, respectively. Two different sizes of reverse osmosis (RO) units; RO-250 and RO-500, two energy control dispatch strategies; load following (LF) and cycle charging (CC); two sizes of DG; 5 kW and 10 kW are considered in the case study. The cost of energy, renewable fraction, environmental impact, and breakeven grid extension distance are the main criteria that have been considered to determine the optimal size of PV/DG/B to supply the load demand. HOMER ® software is used to perform the simulation and optimization. For this case study, the minimum cost of energy and the minimum total present cost are 0.074 /kWhand207676, respectively. This is achieved by using a RO-500 unit and a LF dispatch control strategy. The related sizes to the best option of PV/DG/B are 120 kW PV array, 10 kW DG, 64 batteries, and 50 kW converter. A comparison with grid extension and installing stand-alone diesel generation is also carried out. The results of comparison have confirmed that the grid connection is better than all considered options using the RO-250 unit. However, for the RO-500 unit, all options of hybrid PV/DG/B are more economically feasible compared with grid connection, and the best cost-effective option is the one including LF strategy with 10 kW DG. Stand-alone diesel generator produces 119110 kg/year and 117677 kg/year of CO2 respectively for RO-250 and RO-500.

Abstract: This paper presents a novel soft-switching boost DC-DC converter, which uses an edge-resonant switch capacitor based on the pulse width modulation PWM technique. These converters have high gain voltage due to coupled inductors, which work as a transformer, while the boost converter works as a resonant inductor. Upon turning on, the studied soft switching circuit works at zero-current soft switching (ZCS), and upon turning o, it works at zero-voltage soft switching (ZVS) while using active semiconductor switches. High eciency and low losses are obtained while using soft switching and auxiliary edge resonance to get a high step-up voltage ratio. A prototype model is implemented in the Power Electronics Laboratory, Assiut University, Egypt. Seventy-two-panel PV modules of 250 W each were used to simulate and execute the setup to examine the proposed boost converter.