Dracaena marginata, Lam. Cuttings (tip, middle and basal) were treated with certain growth regulators (IAA,IBA and NAA), each applied individually at 1000 ppm as a powder, beside control treatment to define the most effective combination of auxin and cutting types stimulating the rootability.The highest percentage of rooted cuttings was resulted from IBA (73%) fol-lowed by IAA (46%) and NAA (32%). Tip-shoot cuttings showed the maximum rooting percentage (46%), while basal cuttings resulted in the minimum rooting percentage, however, middle cuttings appeared intermediate responses. Also, IBA produced higher number and shorter roots th an IAA. Similarly, basal cut-tings produced the highest root number and formed the shortest roots. Generally, tip-shoot cuttings treated with IBA 1000 ppm proved to be more effective treatment enhancing the rooting percentage (88%) and improving root characteristics.

Dracaena marginata, Lam. Cuttings (tip, middle and basal) were treated with certain growth regulators (IAA,IBA and NAA), each applied individually at 1000 ppm as a powder, beside control treatment to define the most effective combination of auxin and cutting types stimulating the rootability.The highest percentage of rooted cuttings was resulted from IBA (73%) fol-lowed by IAA (46%) and NAA (32%). Tip-shoot cuttings showed the maximum rooting percentage (46%), while basal cuttings resulted in the minimum rooting percentage, however, middle cuttings appeared intermediate responses. Also, IBA produced higher number and shorter roots th an IAA. Similarly, basal cut-tings produced the highest root number and formed the shortest roots. Generally, tip-shoot cuttings treated with IBA 1000 ppm proved to be more effective treatment enhancing the rooting percentage (88%) and improving root characteristics.

Aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone stem bark extracts from nine tree species; Pinus halepensis, Leucaenia leucocephala, Ficus sycomorus, Quercus ruber, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia arjuna, Bauhinia variegate, Cassia fistula and Kegelia africana growing in Assiut, Egypt were investigated for their anti-microbial activity against three bacterial and three fungal species in vitro as well as their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging. Patterns of in-hibition varied with the plant extract, the solvent used for extraction, and the organism tested. Acetone extract of K. africana gave the maximum significant inhibitory effect against the three bacterial strains. Bacillus cereus was the most inhibited bacteria, followed by Erwinia carotovora. The maximum antifungal activity was noticed in different extracts of C. fistula against the three fungal strains; Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani with sig-nificant differences comparing with the other extracts. Samples extracted by ac-etone and ethanol, respectively, showed significant increment in antibacterial and antifungal activities over either methanol or aqueous ones, which recorded the minimum inhibition. The methanol extract of both K. africana and B. varie-gate showed the strongest inhibition of DPPH radical activity. The EC50 reached its lowest values with acetone extract of A. lebbeck followed by ethanol and ac-etone extracts of P. halepensis.

Aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone stem bark extracts from nine tree species; Pinus halepensis, Leucaenia leucocephala, Ficus sycomorus, Quercus ruber, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia arjuna, Bauhinia variegate, Cassia fistula and Kegelia africana growing in Assiut, Egypt were investigated for their anti-microbial activity against three bacterial and three fungal species in vitro as well as their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging. Patterns of in-hibition varied with the plant extract, the solvent used for extraction, and the organism tested. Acetone extract of K. africana gave the maximum significant inhibitory effect against the three bacterial strains. Bacillus cereus was the most inhibited bacteria, followed by Erwinia carotovora. The maximum antifungal activity was noticed in different extracts of C. fistula against the three fungal strains; Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani with sig-nificant differences comparing with the other extracts. Samples extracted by ac-etone and ethanol, respectively, showed significant increment in antibacterial and antifungal activities over either methanol or aqueous ones, which recorded the minimum inhibition. The methanol extract of both K. africana and B. varie-gate showed the strongest inhibition of DPPH radical activity. The EC50 reached its lowest values with acetone extract of A. lebbeck followed by ethanol and ac-etone extracts of P. halepensis.

Aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone stem bark extracts from nine tree species; Pinus halepensis, Leucaenia leucocephala, Ficus sycomorus, Quercus ruber, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia arjuna, Bauhinia variegate, Cassia fistula and Kegelia africana growing in Assiut, Egypt were investigated for their anti-microbial activity against three bacterial and three fungal species in vitro as well as their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging. Patterns of in-hibition varied with the plant extract, the solvent used for extraction, and the organism tested. Acetone extract of K. africana gave the maximum significant inhibitory effect against the three bacterial strains. Bacillus cereus was the most inhibited bacteria, followed by Erwinia carotovora. The maximum antifungal activity was noticed in different extracts of C. fistula against the three fungal strains; Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani with sig-nificant differences comparing with the other extracts. Samples extracted by ac-etone and ethanol, respectively, showed significant increment in antibacterial and antifungal activities over either methanol or aqueous ones, which recorded the minimum inhibition. The methanol extract of both K. africana and B. varie-gate showed the strongest inhibition of DPPH radical activity. The EC50 reached its lowest values with acetone extract of A. lebbeck followed by ethanol and ac-etone extracts of P. halepensis.

The current study was conducted to test antimicrobial activity of aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of camel thorn (Alhagi pseudalhagi) against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica), using the agar well-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also determined. Besides, phytochemical constituents of the volatile oil of camel thorn aerial parts were identified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis. Data of the antibacterial assay showed significant activity of all extracts against various bacterial strains at the concentration of 256 mg/ml. The methanolic extract showed the highest inhibi-tion zone and the lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentration against all tested bacterial strains. The lowest inhibition zone and comparatively greater minimum inhibitory concentration was induced by the aqueous extract. Ethanol and acetone extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains. Chromatographic analysis revealed the identification of 66 phytocompounds most of which have been previously reported to possess anti-microbial, antitumor, antiseptic, preservative, insecticidal and antioxidant ac-tivities. The most abundant compounds were 1-(3-Furyl)-4b,7,7,9b,11a-pentamethyl-3,8-dioxohexadecahydrooxireno[d]oxireno[7,8]naphtho[2,1-f]isochromen-5-yl acetate; Hexa-t-butylselenatrisiletane; 4-(2-Methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-but-3-en-2-one and 1,3-Dimethyladamantane.

The current study was conducted to test antimicrobial activity of aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of camel thorn (Alhagi pseudalhagi) against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica), using the agar well-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also determined. Besides, phytochemical constituents of the volatile oil of camel thorn aerial parts were identified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis. Data of the antibacterial assay showed significant activity of all extracts against various bacterial strains at the concentration of 256 mg/ml. The methanolic extract showed the highest inhibi-tion zone and the lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentration against all tested bacterial strains. The lowest inhibition zone and comparatively greater minimum inhibitory concentration was induced by the aqueous extract. Ethanol and acetone extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains. Chromatographic analysis revealed the identification of 66 phytocompounds most of which have been previously reported to possess anti-microbial, antitumor, antiseptic, preservative, insecticidal and antioxidant ac-tivities. The most abundant compounds were 1-(3-Furyl)-4b,7,7,9b,11a-pentamethyl-3,8-dioxohexadecahydrooxireno[d]oxireno[7,8]naphtho[2,1-f]isochromen-5-yl acetate; Hexa-t-butylselenatrisiletane; 4-(2-Methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-but-3-en-2-one and 1,3-Dimethyladamantane.

The current study was conducted to test antimicrobial activity of aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of camel thorn (Alhagi pseudalhagi) against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica), using the agar well-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also determined. Besides, phytochemical constituents of the volatile oil of camel thorn aerial parts were identified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis. Data of the antibacterial assay showed significant activity of all extracts against various bacterial strains at the concentration of 256 mg/ml. The methanolic extract showed the highest inhibi-tion zone and the lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentration against all tested bacterial strains. The lowest inhibition zone and comparatively greater minimum inhibitory concentration was induced by the aqueous extract. Ethanol and acetone extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains. Chromatographic analysis revealed the identification of 66 phytocompounds most of which have been previously reported to possess anti-microbial, antitumor, antiseptic, preservative, insecticidal and antioxidant ac-tivities. The most abundant compounds were 1-(3-Furyl)-4b,7,7,9b,11a-pentamethyl-3,8-dioxohexadecahydrooxireno[d]oxireno[7,8]naphtho[2,1-f]isochromen-5-yl acetate; Hexa-t-butylselenatrisiletane; 4-(2-Methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-but-3-en-2-one and 1,3-Dimethyladamantane.

Foliar application effects of salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were investigated on growth and flowering of Ixora coccinea L. plants. Four concentrations (100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) of both SA and GA3 were sprayed in addition to the control (water-sprayed plants). Results indicated that all growth and flowering characteristics of Ixora plants were increased by all concentrations of SA or GA3 compared to the untreated plants. Concerning salicylic acid, the lowest concentration (100 ppm) produced the highest plants while 200 ppm increased leaf area and shoot/root ratio. Number of leaves and plant pigments (chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids) were increased at 300ppm concentration. Spraying the plants with 400ppm increased fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots and flower number. GA3 sprayers at 300 or 400ppm led to a significant increase in most of the characteristics studied in comparison to the untreated plants. The correlation coefficient among most of Ixora vegetative and flowering growth characteristics proved to be significant.

Foliar application effects of salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were investigated on growth and flowering of Ixora coccinea L. plants. Four concentrations (100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) of both SA and GA3 were sprayed in addition to the control (water-sprayed plants). Results indicated that all growth and flowering characteristics of Ixora plants were increased by all concentrations of SA or GA3 compared to the untreated plants. Concerning salicylic acid, the lowest concentration (100 ppm) produced the highest plants while 200 ppm increased leaf area and shoot/root ratio. Number of leaves and plant pigments (chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids) were increased at 300ppm concentration. Spraying the plants with 400ppm increased fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots and flower number. GA3 sprayers at 300 or 400ppm led to a significant increase in most of the characteristics studied in comparison to the untreated plants. The correlation coefficient among most of Ixora vegetative and flowering growth characteristics proved to be significant.