A field experiment was carried out at El-Maghara Experimental Station for Desert Research Center, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt during the three successive seasons of 2011 to 2013. The study was set up to evaluate some grapevine rootstocks as well as some grapevines varieties to salinity and drought tolerance. The rootstocks 1103 Paulsen, 110 Richter, Salt Creek, Black Balady and White Kahlili. They irrigated with effluent containing relatively high concentration (1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) of salts water at different fractions of evapotranspiration (0.50, 0.75 and 1,00 ET). The obtained results indicated that plant hight and leaf area as well as shoot and root dry weight and potassium content of rootstocks significantly decreased linearly with increasing the salinity or drought levels. The decrement due to salinity effects higher than that due to drought ones. Contrary, proline, chloride and sodium contents took unsimilar trend. As to different studied rootstocks, Black Balady recorded the highest significant plant hight and leaf area, as well as shoot and root dry weight and contents of potassium and proline, and lowest significant chloride and sodium contents. It could be arranged the studied rootstocks for these traits as descending order, Black Balady, White Khalili, Salt Creek, 110R and 1103 P, respectively. Moreover, Black Balady had the highest or lowest values of the previous traits under the low level of salinity and drought. Contrary, 1103P and 110R had the lowest and highest values under the high level of salinity and drought. This study cleared a benefit used Black Balady or White Khalili as rootstocks in alleviating the adverse effect of salinity and drought on grape vineyards. ,

A field experiment was carried out at El-Maghara Experimental Station for Desert Research Center, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt during the three successive seasons of 2011 to 2013. The study was set up to evaluate some grapevine rootstocks as well as some grapevines varieties to salinity and drought tolerance. The rootstocks 1103 Paulsen, 110 Richter, Salt Creek, Black Balady and White Kahlili. They irrigated with effluent containing relatively high concentration (1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) of salts water at different fractions of evapotranspiration (0.50, 0.75 and 1,00 ET). The obtained results indicated that plant hight and leaf area as well as shoot and root dry weight and potassium content of rootstocks significantly decreased linearly with increasing the salinity or drought levels. The decrement due to salinity effects higher than that due to drought ones. Contrary, proline, chloride and sodium contents took unsimilar trend. As to different studied rootstocks, Black Balady recorded the highest significant plant hight and leaf area, as well as shoot and root dry weight and contents of potassium and proline, and lowest significant chloride and sodium contents. It could be arranged the studied rootstocks for these traits as descending order, Black Balady, White Khalili, Salt Creek, 110R and 1103 P, respectively. Moreover, Black Balady had the highest or lowest values of the previous traits under the low level of salinity and drought. Contrary, 1103P and 110R had the lowest and highest values under the high level of salinity and drought. This study cleared a benefit used Black Balady or White Khalili as rootstocks in alleviating the adverse effect of salinity and drought on grape vineyards. ,

Balady mandarin trees grown under Qena region during 2012, 2013 and 2014 seasons were investigated to find the best NPK fertilization through 0 to 100% of natural or bio-fertilizers along with a mineral source. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design with five replications, one tree for each, and it consisted of seven treatments. Filter mud cake and calcium super-phosphate, as well as rock phosphate and feldspar were added once in the middle of December. Biostimulants i.e., nitrobien, phosphoren and potassiumage were added in two equal doses in March and May. Potassium sulphate was applied in two equal doses in March and June, where mineral-N fertilizer was added in three equal doses in March, May and July. The obtained results could be summarized as follow: Using the recommended N, P and K via two forms or three forms (mineral, natural plus bio) resulted in an obvious promotion on all growth traits and leaf area and its nutrients, as well as shoot carbohydrates and C/N ratio compared to using them as a mineral fertilizer source only. Amending the trees with natural or bio-fertilizer singly or a mixture of natural, bio and mineral NPK fertilizers significantly improved the yield and fruit quality. No significant differences were noticed on most studied traits among all different treatments except with the mineral source (the check treatment). The improvement in the fruit quality and the reduction in the juice nitrite content were associated with reduction in the mineral NPK source and, at the same time an increase in the mineral or bio-fertilization sources. It is evident from the foregoing results that using either three fertilization forms or any two fertilization forms produce healthy trees, with the highest yield and the best fruit quality. In addition, it reduces the environmental pollution as well as produces organic farming products. .,

The effects of replacing mineral-N fertilization partially by organic or bio-fertilization on growth and fruiting of Seewy date palms were studied during 2012, 2013 and 2014 seasons. The palms are grown in a private orchard at El-Dakhla oasis, New Valley, Egypt, where the texture of soil is sandy loam. Ammonium nitrate, farmyard manure and nitrobien were added as mineral, organic and bio-forms of N, respectively. The experiment was set up in a com-plete randomized block design with nine treatments and three replicates, one palm per each.The obtained results indicated that: Fertilizing the palms with either two forms (mineral plus organic) or (or-ganic plus bio-form), as well as, three forms (mineral, organic plus bio-form) considerably increased the leaf area and N, P & K contents of leaves compared to using mineral-N source only. Using three forms gave the highest values of these traits. Using either two form or three forms of nitrogen fertilization increased the residually of N, P and K compared to use mineral-N source only. The heaviest bunch weight was detected on the palms that fertilized with the three forms, contained the third of them. Moreover, using either two or three forms was accompanied with improving fruit quality in terms of increasing fruit weight, total soluble solids and sugar contents and decreasing the moisture per-centage. So, it is concluded that Seewy date palm production can rely on organic and bio-fertilization as alternatives to mineral-N fertilization or at least rationalize its use in the production of organic palm dates as well as increasing soil fertility, the nutritional status and yield besides reducing environmental pollution that may occurr by excess of chemical fertilizers used.

The success of mass micropropagation of fruit trees may be reached by us-ing plant tissues culture techniques, since this has shown efficient results on seedling production with high quality and health. Preliminary experiments were carried out to define the constitution of culture medium that provides better re-sults, in multiplication as well as in vitro rooting and acclimation methods of blackberry cv. 'Triple Crown' (Rubus fruticosus L.). The best survival percentage was 90% when both shoot tips and stem segments were treated with 40% sodium hypochlorite for 30 minutes. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg BA+0.5 mg 2ip/l was the most efficient treatment on in vitro multiplication of blackberry inducing a higher number of shoots was 7.78 shoot/ explant. Also the combinations of MS medium with NAA and BA improved the multiplication of blackberry in vitro, the highest value was 4.42 shoot/explant that was observed in the presence of 1.0 mg BA combined with 0.1 mg NAA /l. The best rooting condition for explants of the blackberry was reached by keeping the explants in full strength MS medium enriched with 2.0 mg IBA+0.5 mg NAA/l which produced long roots with sub roots which were thick and involved in medium

The beneficial effects of boron, zinc and active dry yeast on yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palm grown at the Experimental Orchard, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt was studied during 2011, 2012 and 2013 seasons.The experiment was set up in a complete randomized block design with ten replications of one bunch each. All treatments were sprayed two times at after set and one month later. The obtained results could be summarized as follow: Boron, zinc and active dry yeast spraying significantly increased the fruit retention percentage and bunch weight compared to untreated one. Yeast application had more effective compared with boron or zinc application. Spraying either yeast, boron or zinc at any concentration was accompanied with improved fruit quality in terms of significantly increased fruit weight, total soluble solids and sugar contents. No significant differences between spraying with yeast 250 or 500 ppm, 500 or 1000 ppm zinc, as well as, boron at 1000 or 2000 ppm. Moreover, active dry yeast spraying revealed highest improvement of yield and fruit quality. So, it concluded that spraying either of boric acid, zinc sulphate or active dry yeast twice at after fruit set and one month later increased the yield and improved the fruit quality of Zaghloul date palm. Moreover, using yeast had more effective than using either boric acid or zinc sulphate

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