Objectives

The relationship of sleep with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains complex and unclear. The current study aimed to compare the subjective and objective sleep parameters among children with and without ADHD. Moreover, to address the effect of sleep parameters on the quality of life (QoL).

Methods

We assessed 42 participants who were children with ADHD (aged 6–12 years), with predominant combined presentation (23), compared to 42 healthy children, who underwent a sleep study assessment subjectively (the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire), and objectively (one-night Polysomnographic recording). Also, parents completed the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL-P).

Results

Children with ADHD had more subjective sleep problems. ADHD patients also had a significant decrease in total sleep time and sleep efficiency, spending more time in wake and N1 sleep stages. Moreover, they had significantly lower rapid eye movement (REM)sleep duration and less duration of deep sleep stages. Multivariate regression analysis showed that REM sleep duration was the most contributing and predictive factor to QoL and school function impairment.

Conclusion

Children with ADHD have a significantly lower sleep quantity and poor sleep quality. In addition, short REM sleep duration independently contributes to further deterioration in different areas of QoL.

الوصف

AbstractBackground: Acrylamide is a toxic chemical used in many industrial uses. It is generated in carbohydrate-rich foods cooked using high temperature. Quercetin is amongst the most effective antioxidant of the flavonoids.

Objective:

To assess the effects of acrylamide on the gastric mucosa in adult male albino rats after maternal exposure to it during pregnancy and lactation and the possible ameliorative role of quercetin.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-four pregnant albino rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group 1: (Control group): kept without treatment. Group 2: (Acrylamide treated group): they received acrylamide in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight/day Group 3: (Quercetin and acrylamide treated group): they received quercetin in a dose 50 mg/kg body weight/day 2 hours before the acrylamide at the same dose of the previous group. Group 4: (Quercetin treated group): they received

Copper II-Albumin complex (Cu-II-Albumin complex) is a novel therapeutic target that has been used as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-gastrointestinal toxicity. In this study, 40 rats were divided into four groups, normal control (NC), aflatoxicosed group (AF) that received Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (50 μg/kg of the AFB1 daily for 3 weeks), AFB1-Cu-II-Albumin prophylactic group (AF/CUC-P) that subjected to intermittent treatment between AFB1 and Cu-II-Albumin complex (0.05 g/kg Cu-II-Albumin complex) day after day for 3 weeks and AFB1-Cu-II-albumin treatment group (AF/CUCT) that received AFB1 for 3 weeks and Cu-II-albumin complex for another 3 weeks. The hepatocellular protective effect of the Cu-II-albumin complex was assessed by evaluating the liver functions markers, hepatic histopathology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (Nitric Oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), apoptotic genes (caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 [TNF-R1]) expressions, and serological and molecular biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (histamine and GlucoseRegulated Protein 78 [GRP78], respectively). Our finding showed that Cu-II-Albumin Complex administration had restored liver function, oxidative stress levels, enhanced liver tissue recovery, and reduced the expression of the apoptotic genes of the aflatoxicosed rats. In conclusion, the current study results demonstrated the protective effect of Cu-II-albumin complex against AFB1-induced hepatocellular toxicity