Abstract
Giardiasis  is  one of  commonest  intestinal  protozoa causing  diarrheal  worldwide  especially in daycare centers.  The present study  aimed to detect prevalence of  G. lamblia  and its  risk factors among 
children  by  using  stained  microscopic  smears  and  immunochromatographic  test.  A  cross-sectional 
study was carried out among 100  children  (4  to 15 years)  suffered from  diarrhea  at  Pediatric Outpatient Clinics, Aswan University Hospitals. Sheet was filled out one each child or his parents as to name, 
sex, age, and previous history of giardiasis. All samples were examined by ICT, and microscopy
The  results  showed  that  the  prevalence  of  giardiasis  among  children  was  49%,  &  41%  by  using 
stained microscopic  examination and rapid ICT (Epituub USA) respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of rapid test were (77.6%  & 94.1%) respectively without  cross-reactivity with other  parasites, with
potentially useful rapid test in absence of unqualified lab technician or in epidemiologic surveys. Giardiasis is more prevalent in rural areas’ children than in urban ones. 
Key words: Children, Giardiasis, Diagnosis Microscopy, Immunochromatographic tes

Aim The study aimed at studying the hepatoprotective effect of l-carnitine against lead (Pb) acetate-induced hepatocellular injury, emphasizing the role of caspase-3 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β in hepatocellular apoptosis and inflammation. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats were used. The experimental approach involved estimation of the liver enzymes' serum levels. Oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in hepatic tissue homogenates. Paraffin-embedded hepatic sections were prepared for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Quantitative determination of the phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta was performed. Key findings The serum showed a significant elevation in ALT, AST, and LDH; tissue homogenates showed significant elevation in lipid peroxide and inflammatory biomarkers with significant reduction in reduced glutathione in the Pb acetate-treated group 

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract (Egb-761) is used for treating various inflammatory disease conditions therefore this study was performed.

Aim of the study

The present study aimed at comparing the ameliorative effects of both systemic and topical Egb-761 versus dexamethasone on carrageenan-induced hind paw inflammation in rats.

Material and methods

Wistar albino rats were injected with carrageenan solution in the sub-planter region of the right hind paw. Egb-761 and dexamethasone were administered systemically to two groups while Egb-761 ointment 2% and dexamethasone sodium phosphate ointment were applied topically for another two groups. Vernier Caliper was used to assess rat paw thickness. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels have been estimated.

Results

Carrageenan induced a significant rat paw edema and …