The immunoscore (ISc) has been extensively investigated as a prognostic indicator for numerous solid tumors. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), its prognostic significance has been evaluated in a small number of studies. This study was designed to ascertain the prognostic value of ISc based on CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in patients with RCC. This study included 115 non-metastatic RCC patients who underwent nephrectomy. The ISc was obtained by estimating the densities of CD3+ and CD8+ cells at the invasive margin and center of the tumor using two methods: cell count per square millimeter (cell count/mm²) and percentage of cells per square millimeter (% of cells/mm²). The patients were categorized into low and high groups according to the ISc. The associations between the ISc and clinicopathological characters, including survival, were analyzed statistically. Adverse clinicopathologic factors were significantly …

Introduction: Tick-borne diseases represent a major threat to both
animal and human health globally. This study explores the prevalence of
tick infestation and associated piroplasm infections specifically Theileria
and Babesia species in cattle, in addition to evaluating the acaricidal
effectiveness of Chrysanthemum extract (Dendranthema grandiflora) and
neem oil emulsion (Azadirachta indica).
Methods: Among 130 cattle examined, 61 were infested with ticks and
subsequently screened for piroplasm infections. Molecular analysis identified
infections caused by Theileria annulata and Babesia bigemina.
Results: A strong association was found between tick infestation and Babesia
species, while T. annulata infection showed a slight correlation. Hemolymph
examination confirmed the critical role of ticks in the life cycle of piroplasm
infection. Chrysanthemum extract and neem oil were tested for their acaricidal
properties against adult ticks (Rhipicephalus annulatus). Chrysanthemum extract
(0.5 mg/mL) caused tick mortality within 24 h. However, neem oil induced
rapid and significant tick mortality at (20 mg/L) and (15 mg/L), achieving 100%
mortality within the same time frame. Both treatments demonstrated high
effectiveness, with results indicating strong dose-and time-dependent effects
compared to controls. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed extensive
morphological damage to treated ticks. This damage included destruction of
the hypostome, loss of surface striations, wrinkling with pore formation, and
cracking following exposure to neem oil and Chrysanthemum extract.
Discussion: These findings highlight the potential of D. grandiflora extract and
neem oil emulsion as effective natural acaricides for controlling tick infestations
and reducing tick-borne diseases.