The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has resulted in a significant increase in the production of metal oxide nanoparticles, which are increasingly released into the environment. Due to their widespread distribution, evaluating the potential toxicity of these particles is essential. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al NPs), in particular, are widely used in various industries and consumer products. Basil, a valuable medicinal herb known for its essential oils and antioxidants, has numerous health benefits. The impact of Al 2 O 2 O 3 3 NPs on plants remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the effect of different concentrations of Al form (AlCl 3 2 O 3 NPs and their bulk ; BP) on the growth of red Rubin and sweet basil cultivars in vitro, focusing on the induction of non- enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant responses. Growth parameters were adversely affected by variations in cultivar, Al particle size, and concentration. The highest reductions occurred at 200 mg L 1 NPs or BPs, with decreases of up to 69.34 % for red Rubin and 63.33 % for sweet basil. Al NPs and BPs reduced chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid levels. These pigments showed the highest decreases at 200 mg L 1 , with reductions of up to 81.92 % for red Rubin and 75.96 % for sweet basil. Al NPs and BPs compromised membrane integrity, inducing oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased electrolyte leakage, UV-absorbing compounds, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels. The phenolic and amino acid concentrations in red Rubin basil leaves and roots decreased in response to increasing NP concentrations, while the opposite trend was observed for BPs. Conversely, sweet basil showed a consistent upward trend in phenolic and amino acid levels as Al concentrations increased, irrespective of particle form. The content of soluble proteins in basil leaves and roots declined as the concentrations of NPs and BPs increased. Enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), increased in basil leaves and roots when exposed to rising concentrations of NPs and BPs. Catalase (CAT) activity increased in red Rubin leaves and roots but decreased in sweet basil leaves and roots, with rising concentrations of NPs and BPs. The observed variations in leaf and root growth between the two basil cultivars exposed to different concentrations of Al NPs and BPs suggest that cultivar physiology and particle characteristics play a role. Additional studies are required to clarify these mechanisms.
This study aimed to determine the effect of gallic acid (GA) on ameliorating bisphenol A (BPA) nephrotoxicity in male rat kidneys. Forty rats were assigned randomly into two groups: control (ten animals) and BPA (40 mg/kg bwt) (thirty animals), the second group was divided into three subgroups: BPA alone, BPA + G50 (50 mg/kg bwt), and BPA + G200 (200 mg/kg bwt). The biochemical analysis included measurements of the contents of nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, and cytokines (interleukin-1α and interleukin-6) in the kidney. The antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase were also measured in the kidney. Kidney function was assessed by determining uric acid, urea, and creatinine levels. The morphological investigations included hematoxylin and eosin staining for assessing the general histology and determining the glomerular and corpuscular areas, the tubular cell …
The present study estimated oxidant/antioxidant status in blood of sheep naturally infested with Haemonchus contortus. Blood samples from infected and healthy (control) sheep were used to determine hematological, some antioxidants and biochemical parameters. The sheep showed microcytic hypochromic anemia. Haemonchosis in sheep resulted in a significant stimulation in MDA & PC. By contrast, a significant inhibition of the antioxidants activity of both SOD and GSH coupled with a significant inhibition of both ceruloplasmin (CP), Total Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) in infected sheep. In turn, a significant stimulation in CAT activity and in TFAA in infected sheep compared to control values was detected. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the increasing level of PC with the stimulating levels of MDA (r=0.47, R2=0.22, P=0.02), CAT activity (r=0.60, R2=0.37, P=0.001), TFAA in plasma (r=0.46, R2=0.21, P=0.03)and EP (r=0.43, R2=0.19, P=0.04). By contrast, stimulated level of PC was inversely correlated with diminished values of SOD (r=-0.55, R2=0.31, P=0.03), Hb (r=-0.43, R2=0.19, P=0.04) and PCV% (r=-0.65, R2=0.42, P=0.003). Haemonchosis was accompanied by disturbances in protein synthesis and a general oxidative damage.
Starvation effects for five weeks on energy reserves, oxidative stress and hematological indices in Nile catfish Clarias gariepinus was studied. The low protein level in starved fish may result from the lowering effect of prolonged starvation on protein synthesis rather than due to its degenerating protein. Moreover, the elevated level of serum amino acids may promote gluconeogenesis in liver. In addition, the lipid depletion in starved fish may be related to the preferential uses of lipids as an energy to starve fish. Also, unchanged glycemic level may introduce a potent evidence for the presence of active gluconeogenesis, depending on both amino and fatty acids precursors. Also, kidney and liver showed disturbances in metabolites associated with oxidative damage such as elevations in total peroxide, carbonyl protein and DNA fragmentation; these may cause dysfunction to these organs after five weeks of starvation
Abstract
Biofuel can be generated by different organisms using various substrates. The green alga Chlorococcum humicola
OQ934050 exhibited the capability to photosynthesize carbonate carbon, maybe via the activity of carbonic anhydrase
enzymes. The optimum treatment is C:N ratio of 1:1 (0.2 mmoles sodium carbonate and 0.2 mmoles sodium
nitrate) as it induced the highest dry mass (more than 0.5 mg.mL−1). At this combination, biomass were about 0.2 mg/
mL−1 carbohydrates, 0.085 mg/mL−1 proteins, and 0.16 mg/mL−1 oil of this dry weight. The C/N ratios of 1:1 or 10:1
induced up to 30% of the Chlorococcum humicola dry mass as oils. Growth and dry matter content were hindered
at 50:1 C/N and oil content was reduced as a result. The fatty acid profile was strongly altered by the applied C.N
ratios. The defatted leftovers of the grown alga, after oil extraction, were fermented by a newly isolated heterotrophic
bacterium, identified as Bacillus coagulans OQ053202, to evolve hydrogen content as gas. The highest cumulative
hydrogen production and reducing sugar (70 ml H2/
g biomass and 0.128 mg/ml; respectively) were found at the C/N
ratio of 10:1 with the highest hydrogen evolution efficiency (HEE) of 22.8 ml H2/
mg reducing sugar. The optimum
treatment applied to the Chlorococcum humicola is C:N ratio of 1:1 for the highest dry mass, up to 30% dry mass
as oils. Some fatty acids were induced while others disappeared, depending on the C/N ratios. The highest cumulative
hydrogen production and reducing sugar were found at the C/N ratio of 10:1.
Casting light upon the impact of salinity stress on growth and nitrogen fixation of Vicia faba supplemented with
Rhizobium has been traced in this work. How Ca2+
antagonizes Na+
toxicity and osmotic stress of NaCl was also targeted in
isosmotic combinations of NaCl and CaCl2
having various Na+:
Ca2+ ratios. Growth of Vicia faba (cultivar Giza 3) was studied
at two stages: germination and seedling. At both experiments, seeds or seedlings were exposed to successively increasing
salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl) as well as isosmotic combinations of NaCl and CaCl2
(
Na+:Ca2+ of 1:1,
1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:18, and 1: 20), equivalent to 150 mM NaCl. Inocula of the local nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Rhizobium leguminosarum
(OP715892) were supplemented at both stages. NaCl salinity exerted a negative impact on growth and metabolism
of Vicia faba; inhibition was proportional with increasing salinity level up to the highest level of 200 mM. Seed germination,
shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll content, and nodules (number, weight, leghemoglobin, respiration,
and nitrogenase activity) were inhibited by salinity. Ca2+
substitution for Na+,
particularly at a Na/Ca ratio of 1:5, was
stimulatory to almost all parameters at both stages. Statistical correlations between salinity levels and Na/Ca combinations
proved one of the four levels (strong- or weak positive, strong- or weak negative) with most of the investigated parameters,
depending on the parameter.
Purpose Application of cellulolytic bacteria for hydrogen production has dual benefits in the removal of wastes and as a
source of energy without prior treatment strategies. The main purpose of the current study to investigate the effect of calcium
oxide (CaO) nanoparticles on the dark fermentative generation of hydrogen by a pure cellulolytic bacterial strain using wheat
bran as a lignocellulosic feedstock.
Method In the current study, cellulose-decomposing bacteria Rossellomorea marisflavi strain Asu10 was tested for dark
fermentative biohydrogen production using wheat bran as a substrate. The impact of calcium chloride (
CaCl2) and CaONPs
on biohydrogen production was assessed.
Results The results revealed that the optimum conditions for bacterial utilization of wheat bran were at pH 7.0, 20 g/L substrate
concentration, and 120 rpm shaking after 48 h. The optimum hydrogen yields obtained were 2.1 and 0.9 mol H2/
mole
reducing sugars in a wheat bran fermentation media supplemented with 20 μg/mL of CaONPs and CaCl2;
respectively. The
optimum energy conversion efficiency (50.2%) was detected at the same concentration of CaONPs. However, the optimum
wheat bran saccharification yield (112.5%) was determined at 10 μg/mL CaONPs.
Conclusion The current study suggests the application of cellulolytic isolate R. marisflavi strain Asu10 as a promising tool
for the renewable production of biohydrogen from agricultural lignocellulosic substrates without the need for pretreatment,
the use of CaONPs as a catalyst to increase bio-H2 productivity by strain.
Tartrazine (Tz) is a commonly used artificial food colorant which adversely impacts the health status. A broad spectrum of literatures indicates that gallic acid (GA) exert antioxidant and cytoprotective effects. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of four fold permitted dose of Tz as well as protective effects of GA on Tz-induced renotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Tz was orally administered daily at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight alone, in combination with GA (TG) and a group of Tz intoxicated rats was allowed to be recovered, the experiment continued for 30 days. GA administration decreased the levels of creatinine, urea and uric acid. Furthermore, it increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, glutathione, nitric oxide and blood glucose while it decreased lipid peroxide compared with Tz treated group. Whereas, Tz recovery group (TR) enhanced some of toxic manifestations on kidney function caused by Tz. Histological investigation revealed that Tz induced many areas of leukocytic infiltration around congested blood vessels and renal tubules, hemorrhage between renal tubules and necrosis of many tubular cells. Moreover, it increased the amounts of collagen fiber and negative PAS reaction in many tubular cells. On the other hand, TG and the recovery groups reduced the deteriorations in histo-architecture and cellular structure caused by Tz exposure. In conclusion, Tz induces many extensive biochemical and histological changes meanwhile GA and recovery period could abolish or improve these changes.
