Vardenafil (VRE) is one of the most important drugs in the phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitors (PDE5) group. The usage of VRE must be carefully controlled if patients are taking certain medications that interact with it. Hence, to examine this critical need, a novel ternary nanocomposite consisting of conductive acetylene black (CAB) anchored with gold nanoparticles (GNP) (GNP@CAB) incorporated composite pencil graphite paste electrode (CPGPE) was prepared (GNP@CAB/CPGPE) and used for electrochemical detection of VRE drug. The nanostructural and morphological characteristics of GNP@CAB were examined using EDX, HRTEM and TEM techniques. The electrochemical properties of GNP@CAB/CPGPE were analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). By employing the GNP@CAB/CPGPE electrode, the developed probe exhibited remarkable sensitivity and selectivity using adsorptive stripping square-wave voltammetry (AdS-SWV). The limits of detection and quantification for VRE were calculated to be 4.2 × 10⁻¹¹ M and 1.39 × 10⁻¹⁰ M, respectively. The practicality and reliability of the new electrode to determine the concentration of VRE in its commercial tablets and human biological fluids were achieved with good recoveries. To compare the electroanalytical method with an independent technique, the HPLC method was employed; nonsignificant differences were found between the two methods. Furthermore, for the first time, the interaction between VRE and the antihypertensive drug doxazosin on GNP@CAB/CPGPE was investigated using AdS-SWV. The large values of binding constants (K), ranging from 10⁶ to 10⁷, indicate a strong binding affinity between the two drugs. Additionally, thermodynamic parameters, including Gibbs free energy (ΔG), entropy (ΔS), and enthalpy (ΔH), were evaluated. The results indicate that the interaction between VRE and doxazosin is predominantly hydrophobic, with the binding process being entropy-driven, thermodynamically favorable, and spontaneous.

Bio-based polyurethanes (PUHs) derived from castor oil (CO) have emerged as promising materials due to their mechanical resistance and chemical inactivity; they have found tremendous application growth. The physical and chemical properties of polyurethane (PUH1–3) made from castor oil polyol (COP) and various polyols, such as 1,4-phenylene bis (2,4-dihydroxy benzylidene) azine (PDaz) or polyol of (epoxy castor oil (ECO) with PDaz) (Eaz) with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), are investigated and compared for their light emission and corrosion inhibition of mild steel (MS). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) are used to assess the differences in characteristics of different PUH forms. As a result of incorporating fluorescent hard segment azine PDaz into the polymer with various preparation …

Samples for this study were collected from pristine granites and their surface-derived soils from the Um Shaddad area, central Eastern Desert, Egypt. The elemental concentration was determined using Induced Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS). The influence of the fresh peraluminous granites of Um Shaddad on the distribution of the major, trace, and rare earth elements in the derived soils was investigated. The analysis revealed that Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are immobile during weathering. The LILE elements V, Co, Cu, Sr, and Cs are mobile and the ferromagnesian elements Ni, Co, Cr, V, and Sr are mobile in the soil environment. Rb together with all the HFSE elements Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Hf are immobile. The normative mineralogy showed a loss of quartz (19.75–40.02) and orthoclase (11.29–31.24) with the enrichment of plagioclase (25.78–41.24) for the surface soils relative to their parent rocks. Using different weathering indices the parent rocks and their derived surface soils are classified as un-weathered to weakly weathered. REEs, Th, and U concentrations showed a sample-to-sample variation, due to the difference in the concentration of the accessory minerals present. The average concentration of the rare earth elements in the altered soils adheres to their fresh rocks. The high concentration of Ce and Th is related to the presence of monazite in the fresh rocks and altered soils. The chondrite normalized patterns reveal LREEs’ enrichment relative to HREEs for the fresh rocks and their soils, with distinct Eu anomalies. The ferromagnesian elements showed a preference in soils over fresh granite. Sphene and monazite are probably the most stable minerals in fresh granites. Many geochemical ratios were tested as weathering ratios, and only the ratios LREE/U and LREE/Th, proved to be reliable. Despite the similarity in mineral constituents, sequential mineralogical response to weathering, and geochemical composition of the fresh granites and their soils, this study enhances the understanding of chemical weathering in the arid environment.

Sixty-eight samples representing the derived soils of the Um Shaddad parent granites (Eastern desert, Egypt) were examined for their natural radioactivity and hazards assessment. For data acquisition, a NaI detector was utilized for the gamma ray measurements and the Induced Coupled Plasma Spectrometry ICP-MS and the Induced Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ICP‐AES for elemental concentration. The radionuclides activity concentration for the weathered soils varied from 6.02 ± 6.64 to 201.26 ± 45.47, 14.13 ± 3.26 to 151.57 ± 50 and 72.84 ± 28.81 to 1624.84 ± 563.72, relative to 39.15 ± 14.3 to 211.7 ± 28.3, 23.2 ± 5.09 to 103.8 ± 29.27 and 288.4 ± 108.7 to 2585.7 ± 883.8 in the parent rocks, representing uranium ²³⁵U, thorium ²³²Th and potassium ⁴⁰K, respectively. These values are relatively lower when compared to granites from other countries and much lower than the values reported by UNCEAR for the natural building stones. The hazard indices of radium equivalent activity (Ra_eq), internal and external hazards (H_in, H_ex), indoor and outdoor absorbed gamma dose rate (AEDE), Gamma and Alpha Indices (I_γ and I_α) are within the acceptable limits. While the Absorbed Gamma Dose Rate (AGDR), Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent (AGDE) and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) are beyond the allowable range assigned by UNCEAR. Therefore, Um Shaddad granites and their derived soils do create radiological health hazard as building material and could not be used for industrial application as they pose substantial radiological concern on human health.

This study primarily investigates the natural radioactivity level in alkaline rocks collected from the Wadi El-Dib ring complex (WDRC) in North Eastern Desert of Egypt, and assesses potential health risks associated with their use as decorative building materials. The work was accomplished using a high-purity germanium detector as well as ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques. The WDRC composed essentially of trachyte, quartz syenite, granite and syenite. Geochemically, these rocks contain high SiO₂ and alkalis with metaluminous to slightly peraluminous features. All rocks contain high concentrations of rare earth elements (∑REEs = 109–1075 ppm), with clear enrichment in light REEs compared to heavy REEs [(La/Yb)_N = 8.3–25.3. Radiometrically, the concentrations of the natural radioisotopes (²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K) in the studied rock types surpassed the worldwide average values assigned for building …

The hydro solvothermal method was employed to synthesize nano porous aluminum metal organic framework (Al-MOF) nanoparticles (NPs), which were utilized as a matrix for the pharmaceutical delivery of Edaravone (Ed). The drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) indicate the potential of Al metal organic framework NPs as effective drug delivery vehicles. The structural and functional properties of both the Al metal organic framework NPs and Ed-loaded Al metal organic framework NPs (Ed@Al-MOF) were characterized using several techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for morphological analysis, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the thermal stability of the Ed@Al metal organic framework NPs was evaluated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These promising results underscore the potential of Al metal organic framework NPs as a viable platform for drug delivery, necessitating further investigations to confirm the applicability of Ed@Al metal organic framework NPs in therapeutic contexts.