Our study helps to evaluate the immune response, antioxidative status, and resistance against heat stress (HS) in Clarias gariepinus treated with propolis extraction; the results will contribute to theories of fish physiology and immunity under high-temperature conditions. Forty-five fish were divided into three equal groups: the control, the HS group at 36 °C, and the HS treated with alcoholic extraction of propolis that dissolved in water for 3 weeks. The results of our study suggested that the stress response differs among tissues thymus, spleen, and liver. All the tissues showed alteration in morphological and cytological structure at the light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM); thymus showed edema and thymocyte destruction; the spleen detected collagen deposition, and the liver displayed endoplasmic reticulum amplification (ER). In addition, we examined oxidative stress and antioxidant

Tartrazine (Tz) is one of the most commonly used colorants incorporated in the food manufacturing. Its toxicity is derived from metabolic byproducts representing health hazards to consumers. Gallic acid (GA) is known for its redox stabilizing, anti-apoptotic, and cytoprotective characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the possible defensive effect of GA against Tz-induced testicular dysfunction. To achieve this objective, 18 male Wistar adult rats were randomly and equally categorized into three groups for 30 days. The control group received no treatment. Tz at a dose of 30 mg/kg BW was administered to the Tz group. The Tz + GA group received GA at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW in concurrent with the previously described Tz dosage. Both Tz and GA were supplemented orally once daily by a stomach tube.

Oxidant stress is an imbalance between radical-generating and radical-scavenging activity, resulting in oxidation products and tissue damage. The present study aimed to estimate oxidation and antioxidant status in blood of camels naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Blood samples from T. evansi-infected and healthy (control) female camels were used to determine the free radical nitric oxide (NO) generation in serum, malondialdehyde production in serum (sMDA) and erythrocyte (eMDA) as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, blood methemoglobin formation (MetHb, a biomarker of hemoglobin oxidation), the antioxidants serum ascorbate and albumin levels, erythrocytic glutathione concentration (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. The infected camels were characterized by macrocytic hypochromic anemia. Trypanosomiasis in camels resulted in significant (P<0.001 

Tartrazine (Tz) is one of the most commonly used artificial food colorants in the food industry, found in a wide array of products. This study investigates the protective role of gallic acid (GA), a powerful antioxidant, against the adverse effects of Tz on the liver. Over a 30-day period, 40 rats were divided into two groups: Group 1 (control group, 10 rats) received a daily administration of a vehicle, while Group 2 (30 rats) received Tz (30 mg/kg body weight). Group 2 was further subdivided into three subgroups of 10 rats each: Subgroup 1 served as a positive control for Tz; Subgroup 2 received GA (200 mg/kg body weight); and Subgroup 3 was left untreated for an additional 30 days as a recovery group (TR). Our study revealed that GA normalized liver functions markers (ALT, AST, and bilirubin), regulated lipids (cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and TG), and ameliorated the redox potentials activity of liver tissue (Catalase, GSH 

In this study, the interaction parameters of gamma rays in six heavy metallic glass samples with densities ranged from 2.43 to 4.373 g/cm 3. Phy-X/PSD program were used to estimate gamma radiation interaction parameters in the energy range (0.015–15) MeV. The outcomes of this research showed that the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) increased with increasing sample density, at 0.015 MeV gamma energy, the LAC were reported as 151.895, 122.761, 81.294, 75.504, 22.041, and 19.266 cm− 1 for the glasses BTC1, BTC2, PZCNF2, PZCNF1, PKFC2, and PKFC1, respectively. Similar to the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) was also calculated. As the energy of the incident photon increases, the half-value layer (HVL), the tenth-value layer (TVL), and the mean free path (MFP) increase. The higher value of Z eff has superior radiation shielding capability. For all …

Tonic immobility (TI) test is used to assess the fearfulness of birds. However, its outcomes depend on many factors including the breed, species, and restraining position. This study aimed primarily to evaluate the effect of different restraining treatments on TI parameters in both chickens and ducks. Secondarily, it aimed to identify the associations between various variables measured in this study including body weight, handling time, induction attempts, and TI response. Two separate experiments were conducted in broiler chickens and mule ducks. TI was performed on ground level in chickens and on a U-shaped cradle in ducks. Briefly, 30 broiler chickens (34 d of age) and 18 mule ducks (55 d of age) were randomly assigned to three restraining treatments: left lateral position (LLP), right lateral position (RLP), and back or dorsal position (DP). The variables measured in both experiments were body weight (BW …

This article’s objective is to progress the field of generalized fuzzy topological spaces, particularly generalized fuzzy T0 spaces. Various types of these spaces are introduced and examined. We investigate their hereditary, productive, and projective properties, and demonstrate that these properties are preserved under bijective generalized fuzzy
continuous generalized fuzzy open mappings. Additionally, we explore these concepts in the context of initial and final generalized fuzzy topological spaces.

Although aluminum is an extremely versatile material and can be manufactured and used for a wide range of industrial purposes, it has a limited resistance to corrosion. Hence, the efficacy of two linear biopolymers, keratan (Ker) and chitosan (Chi), was explored, for the first time, as ecologically safe metallic corrosion inhibitors (CIs) for Al in 1.0 M NaCl solution at different temperatures. For performing this study, several experimental and theoretical methods were applied. By combining these methods, it was confirmed that the investigated biopolymers were set to be effective inhibitors for Al corrosion in 1.0 M NaCl solution. Using a 500 mg/L dose of CIs, inhibition efficiencies (% IEs) of 92.7 % and 86.4 % were achieved for Ker and Chi, respectively, indicating their strong adsorption on the metal surface. Thermodynamic and kinetic investigations signified that the adsorption was founed to be physical and obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetics and mechanism of Al corrosion as well as its inhibition by the tested biopolymers were inspected. The results demonstrated that these biopolymers behaved as mixed-type and interface-type inhibitors. To investigate the inhibition mechanism, theoretical quantum chemical methods were also applied. The experimental investigations were validated by theoretical computations

The purpose of this research is to investigate the palynofacies analysis and palynomorph assemblages of the Salam-53 well, Shushan Basin, north-western Desert, Egypt to show the shelf conditions throughout the Upper Cretaceous deposits, where two palynofacies types have been documented based on the properties components of palynofacies of the studied ditch cutting samples. PF-1, the upper Bahariya clastic-carbonate layer, and the Abu Roash "G" as well as "F" to "C" members were discovered in the inner shelf setting, marine transgression occurs at the late Cenomanian-Turonian dominated by reducing (suboxic-anoxic) settings with occasional local oxic-dysoxic conditions. The global late Cenomanian marine transgression was primarily responsible for this relative sea level rise. PF-2 represents the remainder of the carbonate section ("B" and "A" members) of the Abu Roash and Khoman formations, which were deposited in middle shelf environments with prominent suboxic-anoxic conditions during a major regional marine transgression, which was primarily associated with the global Turonian-Maastrichtian eustatic sea-level rise. Furthermore, palynofacies analyses were used to reconstruct the vegetation cover and palaeoclimatic conditions at these times, indicating that regional warm and relatively dry climatic conditions prevailed. This based on the presence of Afropollis jardinus, Classopollis spp., Ephedripites spp., Elaterspores, and pteridophytes, indicating a paleoenvironment in which parent plants inhabiting wetlands in a humid condition, developed near the well site.