Corrosion presents a significant challenge across various industries, resulting in considerable economic losses and safety risks. Organic compounds that contain aryl moieties and hetero atoms like nitrogen and oxygen have potential applications as efficient inhibitors and coating layers for the surface of metals. Herein, we investigate the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1.0 M H₂SO₄ using newly synthesized amide-containing compounds with naphthalene (naphthamide 6C–9C) or benzene (benzamide 6C–9C) structures. Characterization of these inhibitors via IR and NMR spectroscopy confirmed their chemical structures. Electrochemical analyses, including open circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization tests, showed that these compounds significantly reduce the corrosion rate of mild steel. They achieved inhibition efficiencies up to 80% at optimal concentrations. The enhanced performance of these inhibitors is linked to their greater molecular weight and longer alkyl chains, which improve adsorption and surface coverage. Photophysical investigations revealed notable solvatochromic effects and red shifts in polar solvents, indicating strong interactions with the environment. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations provided further insights into the molecular structure, electronic distributions, and adsorption behavior, confirming the higher efficiency of series naphthamide 6C–9C compared to benzamide 6C–9C. Moreover, molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations corroborated the formation of stable protective layers on the metal surface. From the DFT calculations it is evidently that naphthamide 9C exhibited a smaller HOMO–LUMO energy gap compared to compound benzamide 9C, indicating higher reactivity and greater inhibitory efficiency. The integration of experimental and theoretical findings confirms that amide-containing naphthalene and benzene derivatives are highly effective corrosion inhibitors, suitable for industrial applications.

A series of new AIE systems based on the pyrimidothienopyrimidine skeleton were efficiently synthesized and fully characterized. These compounds exhibited weak emission in solution but strong solid-state fluorescence with a red shift. Notably, compound 16 displayed unique white-light emission from a single-component system and tunable emission colors in DMF/water mixtures. This dual emission behavior, arising from AIE and excimer formation, is unprecedented for pyrimidothienopyrimidine derivatives. Although compounds 9a and 9b exhibited AIEE behavior, compounds 15c and 18 demonstrated AIE behavior, with significantly enhanced fluorescence intensity upon water addition. Moreover, most synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to strong antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains, suggesting their potential for biological applications.

The discovery of novel Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) systems based on heterocyclic compounds holds significant potential. In this study, a series of new AIE systems based on thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine moiety synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic analyses. These compounds exhibited weak emission in DMSO solution but displayed strong solid-state fluorescence at λ_max=556, 527, 527, and 515 nm for compounds 7 a, 7 b, 7 c, and 7 e respectively. Additionally, compound 10 exhibited emission at 480 nm in DMSO, which was red-shifted to 490 nm in the solid state. Furthermore, the AIE behavior for these compounds was investigated in different DMSO/H₂O fractions. Compounds 7 a–c, 7 e, and 10 exhibits a typical AIE behavior since these compounds showed weak fluorescence intensity in pure DMSO but sharply increased while the water content reached 80 % in the case of compounds 7 a–c, and 7 e, and 90 % in compound 10. Moreover, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations supported the role of molecular packing and intermolecular interactions in modulating the luminescence properties. Molecular docking studies suggested the potential of these AIE compounds as anticancer agents. Compound 7 a exhibits a strong binding affinity of −9.6 kcal/mol for CDK-2 compared with abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib drugs, indicating its potential as a potent CDK-2 inhibitor.

The synthesis of two conjugated polymers (P1 and P2) for supercapacitor application was reported. The materials were prepared using a condensation reaction between tetraphenylethene (TPE) with di-(TPE-2CHO) or tetra-carboxaldehyde (TPE-4CHO) derivatives and 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (1,5-DAN). The polymers were characterized using Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). P1 and P2 polymers displayed a spherical shape, with particle sizes of 6.8 ± 1 μm and 0.97 ± 0.1 μm, respectively. In addition, P1 and P2 exhibited wide light absorption (200–466 nm), accompanied by a relatively low bandgap of 2.3 eV and 2.4 eV for P1 and P2 respectively. Electrochemical investigations of P1 and P2 revealed redox behavior observed in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves suggesting a faradaic charge storage mechanism. At a scan rate of 1 mV/s, P1 and P2 demonstrated specific capacitances of 274.8 F/g and 207.9 F/g, respectively. The electrochemical performance of both polymers was further analyzed using galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using Nyquist plots. The observed decrease in charge transfer resistance for P1 and P2 can be ascribed to the conjugation within their chemical structures. The polymer can be recycled for 5000 cycles with <10 % loss of the polymer's efficiency.

In this work, we synthesized new 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroisoquinolines and 6, 7, 8, 9-tetrahydrothieno[2, 3-c]isoquinolines derivatives, and the structures of these new compounds were confirmed with different spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, the anticancer activities of these compounds were assessed against eight tumor cell lines and one normal human skin fibroblast cell line (HSF). Subsequently, IC₅₀ values of the synthesized compounds were determined for two specific cancer cell lines. Compound 3 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against the HEPG2 cell line, whereas compound 9c demonstrated superior efficacy against the HCT116 cell line. Moreover, the mechanism of action for compound 3 on HEPG2 cells using flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis analysis was studied. Compound 3 caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M with a 50-fold increase in apoptosis of the HEPG2 cell line. Finally, a molecular docking study was conducted to assess the inhibitory potential of compounds 3 and 7 against the RET enzyme. Results indicated that compounds 3 and 7 bind to the RET enzyme with binding energies of −5.2 and −5.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Although these values suggest inhibitory activity, they are less potent than the standard inhibitor, alectinib, which exhibits a binding energy of −7.2 kcal/mol.

A heterojunction of UiO-66 and MoS₂ are fabricated via hydrothermal method and their photocatalytic performance towards methyl red adsorption was investigated. A series of characterizations, such as HRTEM, EDX, XRD, BET, FTIR, were carried out to investigate the synthesis and morphological properties of hybrid materials and confirmed the growth of MoS₂ nanostructures on the surfaces of UiO-66 and its self-assembly as a flower-like structure which efficiently prohibited the photogenerated charge carriers’ recombination. The electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) are measured to investigate photoelectrochemical behavior. Compared to pure UiO-66 and MoS₂, the flower-like hybrids (UMS 20 %) shown exceptional performance for methyl red degradation under UV-irradiation. the degradation values at different irradiation times were investigated by two concentrations of methyl red 10 and 5 mg/L. UiO-66, MoS₂ and UiO-66/MoS₂ hybrid show high-performance photocatalytic efficiency towards Methyl Red. Cationic methyl red decomposition showed a synergistic effect of the hybrids (UiO-66/MoS₂) on wastewater treatment.

A heterojunction structure between the UiO-66 metal–organic framework (MOF) and MoS₂ nanoflowers is produced using a straightforward hydrothermal process. The hybrid MoS₂@UiO-66 was then used as an electrode material for high-per formance supercapacitor applications. In this study, 10 and 20 wt.% of MoS₂ were anchored on the surface of UiO-66. The morphology and structure of UiO-66, MoS₂, and the hybrid MoS₂@UiO-66 were evaluated using XRD, FT-IR, HR-TEM, EDX, and BET analyses. The hybrid MoS₂@UiO-66 demonstrated a significant enhancement in electrochemical performance attributed to the synergistic combination of the structural characteristics of the UiO-66 and MoS₂. The basic flower-like construction of the MoS₂@UiO-66 composite remained unaffected, exhibiting an impressive specific capacitance of 1455 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1.0 A g⁻¹ and exceptional cyclic stability with a retention rate of 95% after 5000 cycles at a 5.0 A g⁻¹ current. Due to its promising electrochemical performance, MoS₂@UiO-66 may applied in energy storage technology.

Amongtheenvironmental issues, plastic waste is one of the most significant problems, and thus, searching for ways to solve it is critical. In the present work, a green process is proposed for synthesizing RGO nanosheets from recycled plastic waste for e±cient supercapacitor applica tions. The suggested approach consists of the transformation of plastic waste into GO using a direct and reproducible strategy and then the transformation of GO to RGO via an eco-friendly reducing agent. The synthesized RGO nanosheets possessed desirable electrochemical char acteristics such as a specific capacitance of 104F/g at 0.5A/g, 90% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles, and good rate capability. The RGO nanosheets were further employed as electrode materials for the supercapacitor devices which has been evidenced with high energy density and power density. Physical properties have been characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope have clearly observed the structure and the morphology of Graphene nanosheets has been established. The electrochemical properties of RGO have been examined and demonstrated to be regular. The proposed structure exhibits a nearly rectangular shape within the range of the potential window, conforming to the standard characteristics of an ideal capacitor. The findings of this study represent a viable and techno-economically feasible strategy to address the global issue of plastic waste and generate high-value graphene materials for energy storage technologies

Annually, a growing demand was noted for replacing petroleum fuels with second-generation eco-friendly fuels like dime thyl ether (DME). Methanol dehydration into DME process has been considered as one of the potential pathways for the manufacture of a clean fuel. However, stable, and active catalyst is exceedingly requisite for generation of DME particularly at reasonably low temperature. In the current study, zirconia incorporated AlPO4 tridymite microporous molecular sieve catalysts were fabricated by a hydrothermal method in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) as a structure directing agent. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2-sorption assess ments. Catalysts’ acidity was estimated by decomposition of isopropanol, pyridine and dimethyl pyridine chemisorption, and pyridine-TPD. Results revealed that catalysts surfaces composed acid sites of Brønsted nature and of weak and medium strengths. Activity results showed that 1 wt% H2SO4 modified zirconia incorporated AlPO4-TRI catalyst calcined at 400 °C presented the best activity with a conversion of 89% and a 100% selectivity into DME at 250 °C. The significant catalytic activity is well-connected to the variation in BET-surface area, acidity, and activation energy of methanol dehydration. The catalysts offered long-term stability for 120 h and could be regenerated with almost the same activity and selectivity.

This investigation describes, for the first time, the efficient and selective liquid-phase green synthesis of n-amyl acetate over UiO-66 and NH 2-UiO-66 metal-organic framework catalysts. By employing UiO-66 and NH-UiO-66 solid acid catalysts, n-amyl acetate can be produced without the corrosive impact and separation problems associated with homogeneous catalysis by mineral acids. Thermal, structural, textural, and morphological properties of the catalysts were evaluated by TG-DTA, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, BET-surface area, SEM and HRTEM. Their surface acidities were characterized by the dehydration of isopropanol and the chemical adsorption of suitable probs. The effects of reflux time, acid: alcohol molar ratio, and catalyst load were extensively studied. Under the optimized conditions, UiO-66, and NH 2 2-UiO-66 catalysts, respectively offered 85 and 67 % conversions, and 100 % selectivity into n-amyl acetate. Activity of catalysts was well correlated with the total number of acidic sites, S BET and the kinetic rate constants of the esterification reaction. Analysis of the pre-adsorption studies of the reactants on the catalyst surface demonstrated that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism was followed in this reaction. The UiO-66 catalyst was regenerated numerous times with nearly the same activity and 100 % selectivity.