Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have gained increased significance as crucial components in the field of photocatalytic H₂ production due to their excellent ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and robust fluorescence. Herein, we used two types of reaction approaches including Suzuki and Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling to prepare six different types of CMPs for the first time to investigate and understand the reactivity of triphenylamine (TPA) and alkyne group linked CMPs for photocatalytic H₂ evolution from H₂O. Six different TPA-based CMPs including TPA–TPA (D–D), TPE–TPA (A–D), Py–TPA (A–D), TPA–TB–TPA (D–π–D), TPE–TB–TPA (D–π–A), and Py–TB–TPA (D–π–A) CMPs have been designed and synthesized via Suzuki and Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling reaction, respectively. Our investigation of TPA–CMP materials showed that TPA–TPA, Py–TPA, and TPA–TB–TPA CMPs exhibited elevated T_d10 values, measuring 557 °C, 508 °C, and 482 °C, respectively. Additionally, based on the results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements, these CMPs displayed specific surface areas (S_BET) of 98, 913, and 459 m² g⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, in the order presented, the Py–TPA, and Py–TB–TPA CMPs showcase hydrogen evolution rate (HER) values of 3633, and 16 700 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. As per density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the presence of an alkyne bridge in the Py–TB–TPA CMP can effectively hinder electron–hole recombination, prolong the lifetime of charge carriers, and improve the efficiency of their transfer and separation when compared to a similar CMP (Py–TPA CMP) lacking an alkynyl group. As a result, including an alkynyl (π) bridge in the polymers led to an augmentation in their photocatalytic activity. This work presents various viewpoints regarding the development and architecture of high-performance CMPs incorporating alkynyl groups, showcasing their potential applications in photocatalysis.

Owing to encyclopedic energy crises and ecological concerns, the conversion of solar energy into sustainable value-added fuel products using a reasonable photocatalyst has received a lot of interest. The crucial challenge of the photoreduction of CO₂ into fuel products such as CO and CH₄ is the minor output and poor selectivity. Herein, a novel synthesized schottky-functionalized type-II heterojunction, Ag/CuNb₂O₆/g-C₃N₄ (Ag/CNO/g-CN), is extensively characterized to provide insights regarding its photocatalytic performance in reducing CO₂. More significantly, electron paramagnetic resonance was employed to assist in understanding the inclusion of Schottky-junction and type II heterojunction charge transfer. The CO₂ photoreduction to CO (2.78 μmol g⁻¹h⁻¹) with Ag/CNO/g-CN was 5- and 3-fold higher than single CNO and single g-CN, and the CO₂ photoreduction to CH₄ was 0.15 μmol g⁻¹h⁻¹ under simulated solar irradiation. This enhanced CO₂ photoreduction was attributed to the large surface area and type II heterojunction, which promoted the separation as well as the transformation of photoinduced e⁻/h⁺ pairs and the superior redox ability of charge carriers. The composite's excellent photocatalytic efficiency towards CO₂ was exceptionally enhanced by depositing Ag on CNO/g-CN. This study paves the way for immediate needs to explore the selective conversion of CO₂ into CO and CH₄ via systematic designing and effective schottky-functionalized type-II heterojunction.

The lack of intrinsic active sites for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) and fast recombination rate of charge carriers are the main obstacles to achieving high photocatalytic activity. In this work, a novel phosphorus and boron binary-doped graphitic carbon nitride, highly porous material that exhibits powerful photocatalytic CO₂ reduction activity, specifically toward selective CO generation, is disclosed. The coexistence of Lewis-acidic and Lewis-basic sites plays a key role in tuning the electronic structure, promoting charge distribution, extending light-harvesting ability, and promoting dissociation of excitons into active carriers. Porosity and dual dopants create local chemical environments that activate the pyridinic nitrogen atom between the phosphorus and boron atoms on the exposed surface, enabling it to function as an active site for CO₂RR. The P–N–B triad is found to lower the activation barrier for reduction of CO₂ by stabilizing the COOH reaction intermediate and altering the rate-determining step. As a result, CO yield increased to 22.45 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ under visible light irradiation, which is ≈12 times larger than that of pristine graphitic carbon nitride. This study provides insights into the mechanism of charge carrier dynamics and active site determination, contributing to the understanding of the photocatalytic CO₂RR mechanism.

Reduction of CO₂ to value-added hydrocarbons through artificial photosynthesis is one of the way to address the energy crisis and climate change issues. It is known that lowering the activation energy of CO₂ molecules on the photocatalyst surface and key intermediates is crucial in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Herein, we present phosphorus-implanted 20-nm SnS₂ continuous thin film with sulfur vacancies (i.e., S_V-SnS₂:P where P substitutes on S sites). The fabrication process involves thermal evaporation, post-sulfurization, and ion implantation. Our gas-phase photocatalytic experiments show an enhanced and selective CO₂ photoreduction to CH₄ with a yield of 0.13 µmol cm⁻² and selectivity of 92 % under solar-light irradiation for 4 h over an optimal ∼4.5 % P and ∼16 % S_V. Experimental observations, conducted through X-ray absorption near edge, in situ near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron, and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, along with first-principle density functional theory calculations. Results reveal that P dopant is significantly affected by nearby S_V via local charge density transfer from P to the nearest Sn and next-nearest S neighbor atoms, consequently, leads to the stabilization of *COOH and *CHO intermediates, where asterisks stand for P as the active site. Our results demonstrate how active site modulation, without using precious co-catalysts, plays a crucial role in intermediate stabilization in a wireless photocatalysis process.

Corrigendum to "Long-term correction of hemophilia B through CRISPR/Cas9 induced homology-independent targeted integration" [Journal of Genetics and Genomics (2022) 49, 1114-1126] Corrigendum to "Long-term correction of hemophilia B through CRISPR/Cas9 induced homology-independent targeted integration" [Journal of Genetics and Genomics (2022) 49, 1114-1126] J Genet Genomics. 2024 May;51(5):578. doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.04.009. Authors Xi Chen 1 , Xuran Niu 1 , Yang Liu 2 , Rui Zheng 3 , Lei Yang 1 , Jian Lu 1 , Shuming Yin 1 , Yu Wei 1 , Jiahao Pan 1 , Ahmed Sayed 4 , Xueyun Ma 1 , Meizhen Liu 1 , Fengxiang Jing 5 , Mingyao Liu 1 , Jiazhi Hu 6 , Liren Wang 7 , Dali Li 8 Affiliations 1 Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal …

Lipids are crucial for various cellular functions. Besides the storage of energy equivalents, these include forming membrane bilayers and serving as signaling molecules. While significant progress has been made in the comprehension of the molecular and cellular biology of lipids, their functions in the cell nucleus remain poorly understood. The main role of the eukaryotic cell nucleus is to provide an environment for the storage and regulation of chromatin which is a complex of DNA, histones, and associated proteins. Recent studies suggest that nuclear lipids play a role in chromatin regulation and epigenetics. Here, we discuss various experimental methods in lipid‐chromatin research, including biophysical, structural, and cell biology approaches, pointing out their strengths and weaknesses. We take the view that nuclear lipids have a far more widespread impact on chromatin than is currently acknowledged. This

Ketorolac (Ket), a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), alleviates pain and inflammation in chronic diseases by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. However, its non-selectivity for COX-1 and COX-2 often leads to adverse effects. In this study, a series of Ket-tripeptide conjugates with controlled chirality were synthesized and systematically analyzed to enhance COX-2 selectivity. These amphiphilic Ket-capped peptides self-assemble in water, forming supramolecular hydrogels at pH 7.0 that showed drug-release properties. Among them, Ket-Gly-_D-Phe-_D-Phe demonstrated significantly higher selectivity for COX-2, an enzyme upregulated during inflammation. While Ketorolac and most Ket-peptides in this study exhibited a COX-2/COX-1 ratio below 1, Ket-Gly-_D-Phe-_D-Phe achieved a remarkable COX-2/COX-1 ratio of 5.8. This result underscores the critical role of chirality control in improving COX-2 selectivity, offering a promising strategy to develop safer and more effective anti-inflammatory therapeutics. The findings suggest that supramolecular hydrogels of Ket-Gly-_D-Phe-_D-Phe could serve as potential candidates for topical and drug-release applications, minimizing systemic toxicity while maximizing therapeutic efficacy.

Selenopyrimidine compounds, though less explored than their thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine counterparts, exhibit significant potential as multifunctional agents. In this study, a series of novel pyrimidoselenolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine compounds was synthesized using a straightforward methodology. The structural characterization of the compounds was performed using elemental analyses, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Their antimicrobial activities were evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against various fungal and bacterial strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) compared to ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole as standards. Compounds with phenyl substituents displayed superior antibacterial and antifungal activities, while amino carboxamide derivatives showed comparatively lower efficacy. Additionally, the luminescence of selected molecules was explored in DMSO solutions and the solid state. Compounds exhibited strong absorption up to 450 nm and concentration-dependent emission behavior, with a clear red shift in emission spectra owing to the molecular aggregation. DFT calculations revealed significant changes in the structure of the ground and excited states, providing insights into the observed luminescence behavior. Molecular docking studies revealed a high affinity of target compounds to topoisomerase II enzyme. All target compounds were predicted to have acceptable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters. Our findings feature the dual potential of selenopyrimidine derivatives as effective antimicrobial agents and promising candidates for luminescent applications. Thanks to combining biocompatibility and emission properties to present these compounds as possible candidates for biological applications such as bioimaging and bioprobes.