Aim: The lack of structured breast cancer awareness programs (BCAP) in developing countries coupled by the scarcity of radiation oncology centers limit the available surgical options. The aim of this study is to Probe the use Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) treatment as a stem to initiate positive impact on early disease detection and propagate breast conserving surgery (BCS).

Materials and Methods: This observational review was undertaken at King Fahd hospital of the university, AL Khobar, Eastern province of Saudi Arabia between 2012-2016. All patients diagnosed with breast cancer were reviewed. Strict recruitment criteria were adopted for patients to receive IORT. Selected candidates where only those who were eligible and consented to undergo BCS and IORT. Special emphasis was placed on demographic data, tumor size at the initial presentation, post Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy response, post–pathology cavity size and applicator size used.

Results: The total number of patients diagnosed with breast cancer were 330 out of which 69 (20%) patient were eligible for IORT. Age ranged from31-75years with the Median age 50 years. Applicator sizes used ranged from 2.0-5.0. Tumor size ranged between 0.6-4.0 centimeters. 1 (1%) was post pathology case with excision performed two weeks prior to presentation. 0-1 in 8 (11%), 1.1-2 in 22 (31%), 2.1-3 in 24 (34%), and 3.1-4.0 in 15 (21%) patients. 7 (10%) patients received Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with positive response and were included. The applicator sizes available ranged between 1.5-5.0 centimeters. Applicator sizes were size 2.0 in 2 (3%), size 2.5 in 10 (14%), size 3.0 in 18 …

King Fahad University Hospital of Dammam (KFHU) is a major referral teaching Hospital in the Eastern province in Saudi Arabia. With permission, The Breast Division at KFHU accepts expatriate patients for treatment of breast cancer free of charge. Between Jan 2010 and June 2015 the unit has received 435 new and previously treated breast cancer patients, 35% of them were expatiates. We have noticed that most of these patients had an out of their hand delay in initiating either their investigations for a breast lump or start of active treatment; this has resulted in less than optimum prognosis in many cases. We reported that 75% of these patients had an average of 6-19 months delay before they presented for investigations of a breast mass, 25% had received previous irregular treatment and did not complete their management due to war unrest and travelling. More than 70% of patients who needed radiotherapy …

Background: The first random study of incidence of Her-2 over expression among Omani breast cancer patients was carried out by the Medical Oncology Department, the Royal Hospital in 2001. The incidence was reported as 40% (higher than international published figures). The Herceptest was routinely performed on all new patients for a whole year (2004) and the incidence was found to be 36%. Trastuzumab was approved for use in the Sultanate of Oman in 2002, since then a total of 26 patients with metastatic breast cancer received Trastuzumab, the results are presented. Methods: Prospective, single arm, single centre experience. Patients with confirmed metastatic breast cancer (at presentation or after adjuvant treatment), HER-2 positive (+++ by Herceptest, or FISH positive), age > 18, ECOG PS ≤ 2, LVEF = 50% and adequate renal & liver function, were included. Treatment consisted of …

Abstract Background: The molecular mechanism associated with remission of primary gastric lymphoma post helicobacter pylori eradication is still unclear. Aim of the study: to evaluate Microsatellite (MSI) instability at markers adjacent to Chromosomal loci involved in primary gastric lymphoma in relation to helicobacter eradication therapy. Methods: 107 primary gastric lymphoma patients included 30 low grade Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue Gastric lymphoma (MALT), 36 Diffuse large gastric lymphoma with MALT component (MALTDLBCL) and 41 DLBCL gastric lymphoma (DLBCL) were treated with anti Helicobacter pylori therapy as fi rst line treatment and to asses for Microsatellite instability (MSI) Results: the incidence of complete remission post helicobacter pylori eradication was higher in Low grade MALT in comparison to MALTDLBCL and denovo DLBCL. The incidence of MSI is decrease post helicobacter pylori eradication in all subtypes Conclusion: Remission of gastric lymphoma post Helicobacter eradication may associate with correction of MSI

Pain is under-treated in all parts of the world. Moderate to severe pain is experienced by the majority of patients with advanced disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, pattern and pain management in Oman.

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially deadly complication associated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This study explored the protective effect of edaravone (ED) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats. The animals received 20 mg/kg ED for 10 days and a single injection of 200 mg/kg CP on day 7. CP induced tissue injury manifested by the diffuse necrotic changes, disorganization of lining mucosa, focal hemorrhagic patches, mucosal/submucosal inflammatory cells infiltrates, and edema. CP increased malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 6 (IL-6), decreased IL-10, and upregulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the urinary bladder of rats. ED effectively prevented the histopathological alterations, decreased MDA, NO, and inflammatory mediators, and downregulated TLR-4, NF-κB, JAK1, and STAT3 in CP-induced rats. Treatment with ED upregulated ikβ kinase β, IL-10, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and cytoglobin, and boosted glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase. Molecular docking simulations revealed the ability of ED to bind TLR-4, NF-κB, JAK1, and STAT3. In vitro, ED increased the cytotoxic activity of CP against HeLa, Caco-2, and K562 cell lines. In conclusion, ED prevented CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats by attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling and boosted Nrf2, cytoglobin, and antioxidants.

Background and aim: For a long time, the connection between liver cirrhosis (LC) and infections ‎had been studied extensively. Because of their weakened immune system, ‎cirrhotic patients are more likely to contract infectious diseases. Cirrhotic ‎patients are more likely to undergo invasive diagnostic or surgical ‎procedures that can change the host's protective barrier, putting them at a ‎higher risk of contracting an infection‎‎. Patients and Methods: ‎The study was conducted over one year duration between January and ‎December 2019 at intensive care unit (ICU). It enrolled all patients with ‎decompensated LC but patients with compensated LC or underlying ‎chronic chest disease were excluded. Baseline evaluation with laboratory ‎data was done in all patients. Blood and sputum cultures were achieved in ‎patients with suspected NCI‎.‎ Results: ‎845 patients with LC were admitted to ICU but 345 of them were excluded ‎so, 500 patients were enrolled in the analysis. NCI occurred in 100 (20%) ‎patients. The most frequent isolated organisms were Klebsiella species ‎‎(32%), Candida albicans (19%), Strept.pneumoniae (12%) and ‎Staph.aureus (10%). All of these infections were in form of pneumoniae.  ‎Up to 65% of patients with NCI were died. Based on the current study the ‎predictors of NCI were; old age spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and low ‎serum albumin‎‎. Conclusion: Patients with liver cirrhosis are liable to infections secondary to ‎dysregulated immunity. NCI in cirrhotic patients has serious outcome. ‎Hospitalized cirrhotic patients should be screened for NCI‎.