In this paper, we investigate and specify the Bertrand offsets of slant ruled and developable
surfaces in Euclidean 3-space E3. This is accomplished by utilizing the symmetry of slant curves. As
a consequence of this, we present the parameterization of the Bertrand offsets for any slant ruled and
developable surfaces. In addition to this, we investigate the monarchies of these ruled surfaces and
assign them their own unique classification. Also, we illustrate some examples of slant ruled surfaces.

In this treatise, several relationships are improved for the axodes of one-parameter
spatial movements. Results are devised in some theorems which characterize many kinematical and
geometrical properties of the movements employing the geometrical data of the stationary and movable
axodes. An example illustrates the application of the formulae derived. Our findings contribute
to a greater understanding of the similarities between spatial movements and axodes, with possible
applications in fields such as mechanical engineering.

This study examines the local singularities of tube surfaces, especially those of swept
surfaces (S S ) in Euclidean 3-space E3. S S is created by moving a planar curve through space such that
the trajectory of any point on the surface remains perpendicular to the plane. The Type-2 Bishop frame
is considered, and the singularities of these S S are analyzed. Examples are oered and illustrated.

Camel whey protein (CWP) offers various health benefits, including immune enhancement, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. It also possesses antioxidant activity. However, its limited efficacy and stability restrict its broader application. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials composed of multiple organic groups and metal ions, known for their unique structural properties. In this study, we aimed to synthesize and evaluate the biological activity of a CWP-Co-MOF conjugate. The structural characterization of the synthesized materials was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The comparison of the XRD and FTIR patterns of ZIF-67, CWP and CWP-Co-MOF conjugate indicate successful conjugation of CWP with ZIF-67, confirming the structural integrity of the conjugate. The EDX maps further corroborate the effective conjugation of CWP with ZIF-67. The conjugated CWP-MOF nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited promising antioxidant activity, as assessed by the DPPH assay. Furthermore, they showed more potent anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells and superior anticancer activity against HepG2 and Caco-2 cell lines, as determined by the MTT assay and flow cytometry, compared to free CWP. Additionally, the CWP-MOF-NPs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial properties and increased efficacy as an anti-biofilm agent against pathogenic bacteria.

This volume is considered as a unique book outlining new advances in seismotectonic research of the East Mediterranean-Red Sea Region (EMRSR). The dedicated chapters will outline the region in terms of tectonic segmentation, kinematics, and possible causes of it. It will provide state of art overview along-strike variations in geometry and behavior of faulting, jog characteristics of the active tectonic zones, analysis of earthquake clustering features, crustal deformation, constraining crustal velocity fields, relationship between strain rate and seismicity, paleoseismology, as well as global and regional seismicity. There will be specific topics within the book dedicated to the probabilistic seismic-hazard assessment of the EMRSR including its crustal stress field evolution and its implications for fault mechanics, earthquake source parameters and moment tensors, and description of double-coupled earthquake focal mechanism. Also, earthquake-induced deformational structures focusing on afterslip and spontaneous aseismic slip processes will provide a complete picture for the reader about this fascinating active region. Sections documenting the stress field variations and kinematics for diffuse microseismicity will also be developed. Other cutting edge research, such as progressive failure, spatiotemporal characteristics of seismicity that depends on accurate earthquake locations, as well as relationship of global distribution to earthquake-source geometry and tectonic origin provides up to date information within the EMRSR realm. The significance of the ambient noise level and site characterization specific to EMRSR and congruence and incongruence of active tectonic zones with normal plate kinematics will be shown in illustrative sections of this new book. The book also will explore the potential relationship of seismotectonics to sustainable development as a key societal aspect of seismotectonic research in an active convergent plate margin region such as the EMRSR.

Arias intensity value is the best recognized parameter for dynamic slope stability studies and liquefaction potential. The reason is that the Arias intensity, an instrumental measure of the intensity, that is, based on acceleration records, is a real measure of the energy absorbed by the ground during an earthquake, including both the acceleration values, the shake duration and all frequencies included in the recorded motion. With this goal, specially the assessment of the seismically-induced landslide potential, a preliminary probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in terms of this parameter is conducted for the first time in Egypt. Although Egypt is a country with a gentle topography, the Red Sea and Southern Sinai mountains, in its eastern part, stand out for their elevations, making them areas with a relatively high landslide potential. The computed probabilistic Arias intensity values are based on a previous used seismicity model. From available ground-motion prediction equations for this parameter, and using a logic-tree scheme in order to account for uncertainties, probabilistic Arias intensity values have been obtained for two different return periods. Results are quite in agreement with previous assessments in terms of mean peak ground acceleration, that is, areas with greater peak ground acceleration values agree with areas with greater Arias intensity values. For both return periods of 475 and 975 years, the areas that stand out for the Arias intensity values are the Aswan region and the Gulf of Aqaba. With lower hazard values they can also stand out the Gulf of Suez—Cairo region, and a nucleus in the western coast of the Red Sea, near the city of Marsa Alam. In all cases, significant earthquakes in the historical and instrumental periods are what generate the obtained hazard values. Consequently, these areas are shown as those in which the future probability of occurrence of ground instabilities is greater. Some of these areas could host disrupted landslides, coherent slides and even flows and lateral spreading instabilities under suitable weather conditions.

The Gulf of Aqaba-Dead Sea Transform fault (DSTF), delineating a pivotal plate boundary, extends its influence across multiple countries, including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey. This broad geographic reach underscores the importance of evaluating seismic hazard in the region, especially in the context of extensive development initiatives like the Saudi NEOM project, to ensure the resilience of these projects in the face of potential seismic activity. This study provides a reassessment of the probabilistic seismic hazard, focusing on peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration (SA) values. The evaluation considers a 10 and 5% probability of exceedance in a 50-year timeframe for both B/C and C NEHRP site classes. The analysis incorporates seismic activity from Egypt and its surroundings, along with the European seismic source model SHARE (Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe), encompassing both shallow crustal and intermediate-depth seismicity. The study employs four ground-motion prediction equations, accounting for earthquakes in shallow active crustal tectonic regimes and intermediate-depth events linked to the Cyprian Arc in the Eastern Mediterranean. A logic tree integrates various parameters, including the uncertainty related to the Gutenberg-Richter b-value, maximum possible magnitude, and three alternative ground-motion attenuation models for shallow active seismic sources. Highlighting the most notable findings, we found three focal points along the DSTF exhibiting significantly higher hazard values. These nuclei are specifically situated in the central part of the Gulf of Aqaba, the area between the Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee, and the northeastern extension or termination of the DSTF, where it intersects with the East Anatolian Fault at the Hatay Triple Junction. A distinct pattern emerges, underscoring that Nuweiba (Egypt), Nicosia (Cyprus), Latakia (Syria) and Iskenderun (Turkey), consistently manifest the highest seismic hazard values among all cities analyzed. For these cities, the pairs of maximum spectral acceleration (SA_max) values, corresponding to both 475 and 975 years under B/C site conditions, are as follows: 0.72 and 0.91 g, 0.69 and 0.86 g, 0.58 and 0.77 g, and 0.57 and 0.77 g, respectively. These outcomes underscore the critical importance of considering and addressing the seismic potential of these specific regions for effective risk mitigation and disaster preparedness efforts.

Groundwater is a rare and valuable resource in arid and hyperarid areas. Over the past few decades, population growth, urbanization, and agricultural activities—particularly in developing countries like Egypt—have greatly increased the demand for water supplies. The purpose of this study is to apply a multi-criteria analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in conjunction with remote sensing and geographic information systems methodologies to identify potential zones for groundwater recharge in Wadi Qena, Eastern Desert of Egypt. This valley is considered as one of the most potential valleys for government-led land reclamation and development initiatives. Using several data sources (e.g., Landsat-8 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), as well as all available geologic and hydrogeological data, thematic maps were prepared and combined based on 15 spatial criteria. Using AHP-based specialized knowledge and expert judgment, the study assigned weights to spatial criteria layers and classified Wadi Qena catchment area into five zones: very high (11.75%), high (29.30%), moderate (8.86%), low (47.55%), and very low (2.50%), with the southwestern part having a very high recharge and storage capacity. The model's accuracy was confirmed by comparing the obtained groundwater potential map with the available borehole data and daily productivity from the groundwater aquifers within the valley (e.g., ROC curve with AUC = 0.94). The results demonstrate that the integration of AHP, remote sensing, and GIS techniques is effective for precise groundwater resource assessment, planning, and monitoring in arid regions like Wadi Qena. These insights can assist decision-makers in water-scarce areas in making informed decisions regarding the conservation and sustainable management of groundwater resources.

Groundwater in Wadi Ranyah, the main water source for local communities, was analyzed using 77 samples to evaluate physicochemical properties, major ions, and heavy metal concentrations. While most parameters met World Health Organization (WHO) standards, levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel exceeded permissible limits. Hydrochemical analyses were conducted using Piper and Durov diagrams, alongside health risk assessments based on statistical ratios established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The analysis identified two dominant water types (SO₄·Cl–Ca·Mg and HCO₃–Ca·Mg), influenced by ion exchange, evaporite dissolution, and silicate weathering. Health risk assessment, based on US EPA models, revealed significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, particularly for children. Oral ingestion accounted for the majority of exposure, with arsenic and lead being the most hazardous. Dermal exposure risks were comparatively lower. The identified health threats include potential dermatological, cardiovascular, and neurological effects, and an increased cancer risk. Based on these findings, groundwater in Wadi Ranyah is unsuitable for drinking without treatment. Mitigation strategies such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange filtration, and continuous monitoring are recommended to reduce heavy metal contamination and protect public health.

The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant protective effects of the herbal extract of Crepis rueppellii (CR) against paracetamol (PCM)– induced nephrotoxicity in guinea pigs using hematological, biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical methods. Thirty guinea pigs were divided into six groups: control, PCM (2 g/kg), CR1 group (100 mg/kg), CR2 group (200 mg/kg), CR1 (100 mg/kg) + PCM, and CR2 (200 mg/kg) + PCM. The hematological results showed that the PCM-treated groups experienced significant reductions in Hb, red blood corpuscles, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocyte, and monocyte, in addition to albumin and total protein levels compared with the control group. In contrast, the groups treated with CR showed increases in all the abovementioned parameters. Morphologically, kidney tissues of PCM and CR-treated groups showed focal leukocytic infiltrations and extensive necrosis, while CR1 + PCM- and CR2 + PCM-treated groups revealed more pathological changes than PCM alone. The Bax immunohistochemical reaction showed strong positive reactions in both the PCM and CRtreated groups, while the CR + PCM-treated groups displayed very strong positive compared with the PCM-only group. In conclusion, the results from the hematological and biochemical parameters indicated that CR extract had an ameliorative effect against PCM toxicity.