A heterojunction structure between the UiO-66 metal–organic framework (MOF) and MoS₂ nanoflowers is produced using a straightforward hydrothermal process. The hybrid MoS₂@UiO-66 was then used as an electrode material for high-per formance supercapacitor applications. In this study, 10 and 20 wt.% of MoS₂ were anchored on the surface of UiO-66. The morphology and structure of UiO-66, MoS₂, and the hybrid MoS₂@UiO-66 were evaluated using XRD, FT-IR, HR-TEM, EDX, and BET analyses. The hybrid MoS₂@UiO-66 demonstrated a significant enhancement in electrochemical performance attributed to the synergistic combination of the structural characteristics of the UiO-66 and MoS₂. The basic flower-like construction of the MoS₂@UiO-66 composite remained unaffected, exhibiting an impressive specific capacitance of 1455 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1.0 A g⁻¹ and exceptional cyclic stability with a retention rate of 95% after 5000 cycles at a 5.0 A g⁻¹ current. Due to its promising electrochemical performance, MoS₂@UiO-66 may applied in energy storage technology.

Amongtheenvironmental issues, plastic waste is one of the most significant problems, and thus, searching for ways to solve it is critical. In the present work, a green process is proposed for synthesizing RGO nanosheets from recycled plastic waste for e±cient supercapacitor applica tions. The suggested approach consists of the transformation of plastic waste into GO using a direct and reproducible strategy and then the transformation of GO to RGO via an eco-friendly reducing agent. The synthesized RGO nanosheets possessed desirable electrochemical char acteristics such as a specific capacitance of 104F/g at 0.5A/g, 90% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles, and good rate capability. The RGO nanosheets were further employed as electrode materials for the supercapacitor devices which has been evidenced with high energy density and power density. Physical properties have been characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope have clearly observed the structure and the morphology of Graphene nanosheets has been established. The electrochemical properties of RGO have been examined and demonstrated to be regular. The proposed structure exhibits a nearly rectangular shape within the range of the potential window, conforming to the standard characteristics of an ideal capacitor. The findings of this study represent a viable and techno-economically feasible strategy to address the global issue of plastic waste and generate high-value graphene materials for energy storage technologies

Annually, a growing demand was noted for replacing petroleum fuels with second-generation eco-friendly fuels like dime thyl ether (DME). Methanol dehydration into DME process has been considered as one of the potential pathways for the manufacture of a clean fuel. However, stable, and active catalyst is exceedingly requisite for generation of DME particularly at reasonably low temperature. In the current study, zirconia incorporated AlPO4 tridymite microporous molecular sieve catalysts were fabricated by a hydrothermal method in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) as a structure directing agent. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2-sorption assess ments. Catalysts’ acidity was estimated by decomposition of isopropanol, pyridine and dimethyl pyridine chemisorption, and pyridine-TPD. Results revealed that catalysts surfaces composed acid sites of Brønsted nature and of weak and medium strengths. Activity results showed that 1 wt% H2SO4 modified zirconia incorporated AlPO4-TRI catalyst calcined at 400 °C presented the best activity with a conversion of 89% and a 100% selectivity into DME at 250 °C. The significant catalytic activity is well-connected to the variation in BET-surface area, acidity, and activation energy of methanol dehydration. The catalysts offered long-term stability for 120 h and could be regenerated with almost the same activity and selectivity.

This investigation describes, for the first time, the efficient and selective liquid-phase green synthesis of n-amyl acetate over UiO-66 and NH 2-UiO-66 metal-organic framework catalysts. By employing UiO-66 and NH-UiO-66 solid acid catalysts, n-amyl acetate can be produced without the corrosive impact and separation problems associated with homogeneous catalysis by mineral acids. Thermal, structural, textural, and morphological properties of the catalysts were evaluated by TG-DTA, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, BET-surface area, SEM and HRTEM. Their surface acidities were characterized by the dehydration of isopropanol and the chemical adsorption of suitable probs. The effects of reflux time, acid: alcohol molar ratio, and catalyst load were extensively studied. Under the optimized conditions, UiO-66, and NH 2 2-UiO-66 catalysts, respectively offered 85 and 67 % conversions, and 100 % selectivity into n-amyl acetate. Activity of catalysts was well correlated with the total number of acidic sites, S BET and the kinetic rate constants of the esterification reaction. Analysis of the pre-adsorption studies of the reactants on the catalyst surface demonstrated that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism was followed in this reaction. The UiO-66 catalyst was regenerated numerous times with nearly the same activity and 100 % selectivity.

Single-phase NiCo₂O₄ (NCO) nanoparticles (NPs) with an average particle size of 12 (±3.5) nm were successfully synthesized as aggregates in urchin-like nanofibers via a hydrothermal route. Magnetization data measured as functions of temperature and magnetic field suggest a superparamagnetic-like behavior at room temperature, a ferrimagnetic transition around a Curie temperature T_C ∼ 200 K, and a spin blocking transition at a blocking temperature T_B ∼ 90 K, as observed at a field of 100 Oe. The spin blocking nature has been investigated by analyses of the field-dependence of T_B in the static magnetization and its frequency-dependence in the ac susceptibility data measured in zero-field cooling regime, both indicate a low-temperature spin glass-like state. Below T_B, the coercivity increases monotonically up to 1.7 kOe with decreasing temperature down to 5 K. Our results indicate that the magnetic behavior of NCO NPs, which is mainly determined by the cations' ratio, oxidation states, and site-occupancy, can be controlled by a synthesis in appropriate particle size and morphology.

NiCr₂O₄ nanoparticles with average particle size ∼15 nm, a single-domain size maintains the bulk canted antiferromagnetic ground state, were synthesized by a microwave combustion method. The magnetic behavior was carefully investigated by static and dynamic magnetic susceptibility measurements. In addition to a spin-glass-like behavior below paramagnetic-ferrimagnetic transition at T_C, the NiCr₂O₄ nanoparticles demonstrate a low-temperature cluster spin glass transition below the spin canting transition T_S, which manifests itself as a magnetic anomaly peak around ∼12 K (at 100 Oe) in the zero-field cooled magnetization with a relatively stronger field dependence in a 'de Almeida-Thouless' line for spin glasses. The AC susceptibility analyses in different approaches demonstrate a larger relative peak temperature variation per frequency decade and a longer characteristic relaxation time in the order of 0.04 and 10⁻⁷ s, against 0.01 and 10⁻⁹ s for the high-temperature blocking, indicating the slow spin dynamics for the low-temperature cluster glassy phase. A field-temperature magnetic phase diagram is proposed for the single-domain NiCr₂O₄ nanoparticles.

Hydrogen gas has been considered as an alternative energy source. We enhanced the photocatalytic water splitting of titanium oxide (TiO₂) by employing copper-based nanoparticles as cocatalysts. Copper trimesate (CuTM) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) served as a precursor for synthesizing copper-based nanomaterials through carbonization in air and an inert argon gas environment. A mixed-valence materials were synthesized, including metallic copper (Cu0) and copper oxides, i.e., CuO or Cu₂O. The photocatalysts CuTM/TiO₂, CuTM_Ar/TiO₂, and CuTM_Air/TiO₂ exhibited initial and cumulative hydrogen generation rates (HGRs) of 22.8 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹ and 107.9 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹; 25.5 and 120.7 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹; and 13.8 and 72.1 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹, respectively. All cocatalysts enhance TiO₂ photocatalysis. Carbonized CuTM in an argon atmosphere enhanced HGR values significantly compared to CuTM and air-carbonized CuTM. The heterojunction established between the synthesized cocatalysts and the photocatalyst TiO₂ is the primary factor contributing to the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composite relative to its unmodified photocatalyst. The mechanism of improvement was discussed based on data derived from various analytical techniques, including diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoelectrochemical measurements, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

In this work, we investigate the synthesis problem of slant spacelike ruled
surfaces and associated Bertrand offsets (BO) in E3
1 (Minkowsk 3-space). We
provide the parametric equation for a non-developable spacelike ruled surface
(SLRS) by using the Blaschke frame (BF). This results in the amplitude to
control a family of curvature functions defining the domestic form of this
SLRS. Therefore, we found the appropriate SLRS criteria to be slant SLRS.
Thus, several new Bertrand offsets (BO) for slant SLRS are investigated and
constructed.

A timelike (T L) constant axis ruled surface in E3
1 (Minkowski 3-space), as determined
by its ruling, forms a constant dual angle with its Disteli-axis (striction axis or curvature axis). In
this article, we employ the symmetry through point geometry of Lorentzian dual curves and the line
geometry of T L ruled surfaces. This produces the capability to expound a set of curvature functions
that specify the local configurations of T L ruled surfaces. Then, we gain some new constant axis
ruled surfaces in Lorentzian line space and their geometrical illustrations. Further, we also earn
several organizations among a T L constant axis ruled surface and its striction curve.