Background: A non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), shows promising results as a potential effective antiepileptic drug in some forms of refractory epilepsy. It is proved to have a role in improving cognitive dysfunction and associated epilepsy comorbidities. However, the exact mechanism behind its neuroprotective effect is not thoroughly investigated. Aim: The aim of the current study was to clarify whether CBD has a modifying effect on the behavior of post-status epilepticus (post-SE) rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy and the suspected role of hippocampal 5HT1A receptors expression in that respect. Methodology: A total of 30 rats were randomized into 3 groups (n= 10): control, post-SE and post-SE+CBD groups. Post-SE group was given pilocarpine hydrochloride 300 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p) preceded by atropine nitrate 1 mg/kg i.p. SE was terminated after 90 min of induction by diazepam (10 mg/kg i.p). Post-SE + CBD group was treated with CBD 20 ug/kg after SE induction for 27 days. Rats behavior was studied through Morris water maze (MWM) and open field tests followed by their scarification. Brain histopathology and hippocampal 5HT1A expression were evaluated as well. Conclusion: Our data suggested that CBD improved post-SE cognitive dysfunction and showed anxiolytic effect through modifying hippocampal 5HT1A expression. It ameliorated brain histopathology induced by SE as well. Keywords Pilocarpine, Post-status epilepticus, Cannabidiol, 5HT1A, rats. List of abbreviations: CBD: cannabidiol; i.p: intraperitoneally; MWM: Morris water maze; post-SE: post-status epilepticus.

Background: A non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), shows promising results as a potential effective antiepileptic drug in some forms of refractory epilepsy. It is proved to have a role in improving cognitive dysfunction and associated epilepsy comorbidities. However, the exact mechanism behind its neuroprotective effect is not thoroughly investigated. Aim: The aim of the current study was to clarify whether CBD has a modifying effect on the behavior of post-status epilepticus (post-SE) rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy and the suspected role of hippocampal 5HT1A receptors expression in that respect. Methodology: A total of 30 rats were randomized into 3 groups (n= 10): control, post-SE and post-SE+CBD groups. Post-SE group was given pilocarpine hydrochloride 300 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p) preceded by atropine nitrate 1 mg/kg i.p. SE was terminated after 90 min of induction by diazepam (10 mg/kg i.p). Post-SE + CBD group was treated with CBD 20 ug/kg after SE induction for 27 days. Rats behavior was studied through Morris water maze (MWM) and open field tests followed by their scarification. Brain histopathology and hippocampal 5HT1A expression were evaluated as well. Conclusion: Our data suggested that CBD improved post-SE cognitive dysfunction and showed anxiolytic effect through modifying hippocampal 5HT1A expression. It ameliorated brain histopathology induced by SE as well. Keywords Pilocarpine, Post-status epilepticus, Cannabidiol, 5HT1A, rats. List of abbreviations: CBD: cannabidiol; i.p: intraperitoneally; MWM: Morris water maze; post-SE: post-status epilepticus.

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Abstract Microorganisms, organic matter, heavy metals are the main pollutants in sewage water. The increasing water demand pressurized people to use the sewage water. Different systems, chemicals and physical treatments were used in sewage water treatment. The aim of this work is to study the effect and correlations of primary (Ca(OH)2 filtration and H2O2) and secondary (dissolved oxygen, organic matter, conductivity, pH and OD) factors on fungi present in sewage water in addition to proving the sequence of the system used in the current study. After treatment, fungi were examined, identified on Czapek agar and analyzed using multivariate tools (CANOCO: DCA and CCA) and R software. The treatment includes two main steps: liming filtration and oxidation, respectively. All parameters were negatively or positively correlated (organic matter, pH, conductivity %, optical density, fungal CFU ml-1, dissolved oxygen). Heavy metals were decreased due to the application of Ca(OH)2 and H2O2, respectively. There were two main groups of fungi. The larger was correlated with the organic matter, whereas the second was tolerating calcium hydroxide concentrations. Aspergillus sydowii tolerated hydrogen peroxide (0.2 mll-1(33%); Ca(OH)2, 0.25 gl-1). Sequential steps treatment was healthy and economically efficient. The proposed system improved water characteristics. The recommended amount of Ca(OH)2 and H2O2 was 0.25 gl-1 and 0.2 mll-1(33%), respectively, and can remove more than 99.9% of fungal CFUs. The current study minimized the optimum dose of hydrogen peroxide used in the disinfection of sewage water from 1.5 (Mohamed in Chem Eng J 119:161–165, 2006) to 0.2 mll-1 of H2O2 (the current study).

Abstract Microorganisms, organic matter, heavy metals are the main pollutants in sewage water. The increasing water demand pressurized people to use the sewage water. Different systems, chemicals and physical treatments were used in sewage water treatment. The aim of this work is to study the effect and correlations of primary (Ca(OH)2 filtration and H2O2) and secondary (dissolved oxygen, organic matter, conductivity, pH and OD) factors on fungi present in sewage water in addition to proving the sequence of the system used in the current study. After treatment, fungi were examined, identified on Czapek agar and analyzed using multivariate tools (CANOCO: DCA and CCA) and R software. The treatment includes two main steps: liming filtration and oxidation, respectively. All parameters were negatively or positively correlated (organic matter, pH, conductivity %, optical density, fungal CFU ml-1, dissolved oxygen). Heavy metals were decreased due to the application of Ca(OH)2 and H2O2, respectively. There were two main groups of fungi. The larger was correlated with the organic matter, whereas the second was tolerating calcium hydroxide concentrations. Aspergillus sydowii tolerated hydrogen peroxide (0.2 mll-1(33%); Ca(OH)2, 0.25 gl-1). Sequential steps treatment was healthy and economically efficient. The proposed system improved water characteristics. The recommended amount of Ca(OH)2 and H2O2 was 0.25 gl-1 and 0.2 mll-1(33%), respectively, and can remove more than 99.9% of fungal CFUs. The current study minimized the optimum dose of hydrogen peroxide used in the disinfection of sewage water from 1.5 (Mohamed in Chem Eng J 119:161–165, 2006) to 0.2 mll-1 of H2O2 (the current study).

Abstract Microorganisms, organic matter, heavy metals are the main pollutants in sewage water. The increasing water demand pressurized people to use the sewage water. Different systems, chemicals and physical treatments were used in sewage water treatment. The aim of this work is to study the effect and correlations of primary (Ca(OH)2 filtration and H2O2) and secondary (dissolved oxygen, organic matter, conductivity, pH and OD) factors on fungi present in sewage water in addition to proving the sequence of the system used in the current study. After treatment, fungi were examined, identified on Czapek agar and analyzed using multivariate tools (CANOCO: DCA and CCA) and R software. The treatment includes two main steps: liming filtration and oxidation, respectively. All parameters were negatively or positively correlated (organic matter, pH, conductivity %, optical density, fungal CFU ml-1, dissolved oxygen). Heavy metals were decreased due to the application of Ca(OH)2 and H2O2, respectively. There were two main groups of fungi. The larger was correlated with the organic matter, whereas the second was tolerating calcium hydroxide concentrations. Aspergillus sydowii tolerated hydrogen peroxide (0.2 mll-1(33%); Ca(OH)2, 0.25 gl-1). Sequential steps treatment was healthy and economically efficient. The proposed system improved water characteristics. The recommended amount of Ca(OH)2 and H2O2 was 0.25 gl-1 and 0.2 mll-1(33%), respectively, and can remove more than 99.9% of fungal CFUs. The current study minimized the optimum dose of hydrogen peroxide used in the disinfection of sewage water from 1.5 (Mohamed in Chem Eng J 119:161–165, 2006) to 0.2 mll-1 of H2O2 (the current study).

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction is a common condition among diabetic men. Many treatments are now available with variable responses. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of daily oral L-arginine plus tadalafil in diabetic patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction. Methods: A double-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 108 diabetic male patients. Each patient was assessed by medical and sexual histories, International Index of Erectile Function 5-item questionnaires, pharmaco-penile duplex ultrasonography, and serum testosterone level. Main Outcome Measure: Improvement in International Index of Erectile Function 5-item, serum testosterone level and pharmaco-penile duplex ultrasonography. Results: Erectile functions were significantly improved in all patients after treatment as compared with baseline and placebo (P .001). Patients who received both drugs showed significant improvement compared to those treated with single drugs, as assessed by International Index of Erectile Function scores and total testosterone (P .001). Pharmaco-penile ultrasound duplex results showed non-significant differences among patients treated with both drugs and those with each drug alone. Conclusion: Daily use of L-arginine with tadalafil significantly increased the International Index of Erectile Function scores and total testosterone levels as compared to each drug alone in diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction. No differences were found based on pharmaco-penile duplex findings

Introduction: Acne scarring is a common undesirable complication of acne vulgaris. Fractional erbium-yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) 2940 nm laser and platelet-rich plasma have been used in treating acne scars with variable outcomes. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of fractional erbium-YAG 2940 nm laser and platelet-rich plasma as a single line of treatment in comparison with combined treatment in atrophic postacne scars. Methods: Seventy-five patients were included in this trial and randomized into three equal groups (25 each). Group A was subjected to six sessions of erbium-YAG laser for 6 months, group B was treated with 12 sessions of plateletrich plasma over the same period, and group C was subjected to six sessions of erbium-YAG laser plus 12 sessions of platelet-rich plasma over the same period. Each subject was evaluated by acne scar grading, photography, and subjective evaluation. Results: Both treatment modalities showed improvement of acne scars, but the improvement with combined treatment was better than that with erbium-YAG laser or platelet-rich plasma alone regarding scar grade improvement (P = 0.007 and 0.001), clinical improvement (P = 0.001 and 0.001), and patient satisfaction (P = 0.005 and 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The combination of platelet-rich plasma plus erbium-YAG laser is superior to either treatment alone for acne scars, with trivial side effects for all treatment modalities. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier; NCT03933033

Summary Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 13% women and is associated with significant complications. The quality of evidence supporting the recommendations on treatment of nonreproductive outcomes in PCOS is unknown. Objective: To summarize and appraise the methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating pharmacological and surgical treatments for nonreproductive outcomes in PCOS. Methods: A literature search from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL PLUS and PROSPERO was performed from inception until 15th of September 2017. Article selection, data extraction and quality appraisal of included reviews were performed in duplicate. A narrative synthesis of the findings was conducted. Results: This overview included 31 reviews. The quality was low for 7 (23%), moderate for sixteen (52%) and high for 8 reviews (26%). Two reviews assessed psychological outcomes. Metformin improved anthropometric (7 of 10 reviews), metabolic (4 of 14 reviews) and endocrine outcomes (3 of twelve reviews). Thiazolidinediones improved metabolic (2 of 5 reviews) and endocrine outcomes (one of 5 reviews) but worsened weight gain (5 of 5 reviews). Combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) improved clinical hyperandrogenism (2 of 2 reviews). Statins improved lipid profile (3 of 3 reviews) and testosterone level (2 of 3 reviews). There was no conclusive evidence from included systematic reviews regarding the use of other interventions. Conclusions: There is reliable evidence regarding the use of metformin for anthropometric outcomes and COCPs for hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS but not for other interventions. There is significant gap in knowledge regarding the management of psychological outcomes in women with PCOS which needs further evaluation.