Acetaminophen (APAP) is often used as an antipyretic and analgesic agent. Overdose hepatotoxicity, which often results in liver cell failure and liver transplantation, is a severe complication of APAP usage. To save the liver and save lives from acute liver damage caused by APAP, the search for new strategies for liver defense is important. Wistar rats have been used for the induction of APAP hepatotoxicity. Elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated for liver toxicity. In addition, the levels of hepatic tissue oxidative markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) increased while glutathione (GSH) was depleted and catalase (CAT) activity was curtailed. The biochemical findings were consistent with the changes in histology that suggested liver damage and inflammation. Treated …

It’s crucial to comprehend the impact of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the gentamicin-induced kidney injury mechanism. Celecoxib was administered orally either before or after intraperitoneal therapy with gentamicin in mice. The serum levels of creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), IL-6, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA test, as well as the levels of the kidney tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were also estimated spectrophotometrically. The renal expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNAs were evaluated by qPCR. Histopathological evaluation and Immunohistochemical examination of kidney NF-κB, IL-6, and COX-2 were also, performed. Celecoxib …

Asthma affects a large number of people worldwide and is characterized by chronic allergic airway inflammation. Anatabine is a natural alkaloid that is structurally similar to nicotine and found in the Solanaceae family of plants, with anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of anatabine against asthma.

Main methods

Ovalbumin was used to induce asthma in rats. Two asthmatic groups were treated with low and high doses of anatabine.

Key findings

Asthmatic animals experienced increased total leukocyte count and inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), bronchitis, and bronchopneumonia associated with mast cell infiltration. Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase immunostaining was observed, with decreased pulmonary antioxidant capacity and enzymes and decreased Nrf2 and HO-1 gene expression while increased …

The main bioactive constituents in the standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761) are the terpene lactones and flavonoid glycosides. EGb 761’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have previously been demonstrated. Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers have a multifactorial etiology and represent a major restriction to its therapeutic utility. The underlying ulcerogenic process involves oxidative and inflammatory biomolecular insults. This study was performed to explore the curative and preventative benefits of EGb 761 in experimentally-induced ulcers. To develop gastric ulcers in mice, indomethacin (40 mg/kg) was administered orally. EGb 761 (200 mg/kg) was given by gavage for 7 days before (preventative) and after (therapeutic) indomethacin administration. The histological alterations and macroscopic mucosal lesions were assessed. In gastric tissue homogenates, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cytokines, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the stomach mucosa were also investigated. The ulcer index, histological alterations, gastric oxidants, and inflammatory biomarkers were all significantly increased by indomethacin. In stomach specimens, it increased COX-2 and PCNA expression. EGb 761 treatments, both prophylactic and therapeutic, resulted in significant reductions in ulcer lesions, nitrosative and oxidative damage, and inflammatory markers, along with the lowering of COX-2 and PCNA expressions. Furthermore, in the fight against stomach ulcers, EGb 761 treatment was …