Objective: The study aimed to examine the effect of exogenous OT administration on the inflammation and atherosclerosis in adult male rats and its possible mechanisms. Thirty adult male rats equally divided into three groups .Control group fed regular diet; group II fed control diet supplemented with L-methionine for 10 weeks. Group III received L-methionine and oxytocin treatment for 10 weeks. RT-PCR analysis showed that OT administration increased oxytocin receptor mRNA (2 fold, P,0.05). Blood samples were evaluated for total homocysteine , interlukin-6 (IL-6),monocyte chemoatrratant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) by ELIZA. lipid profile, nitric oxide (NO) , malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined. Specimens from aorta were processed for immunohistochemical staining for Aorta nuclear factor _B (NF-_κB) p65 protein. Result showed that OT administration to group III decreased the plasma levels IL-6, MCP-1and CRP levels which were elevated in group II. Moreover, there was decrease of the oxidative stress of group III in terms of increased plasma levels of NO and GSH and decreased plasma levels of MDA in blood. In addition, rats of group II showed histological abnormalities manifested by thickening and ulceration of the aortic wall. Marked increased expression of NF-_κB in aorta of in group II was detected. However, OT administration restores the histological structure of the aorta and decreased the expression of NF-_κB in aorta of group III similar to the control group . Conclusion: OT has anti inflammatory pathway in atherosclerosis as it decelerates atherosclerosis by decreasing the proinflammatory responses through many mechanisms, mainly the up regulation of its receptors

Objectives To appraise the value of 'cervicosonography' in predicting occurrence of pregnanc. To display US appearance of the cervix during various phases of the ovarian cycle (sponatneous and induced)and relating this to follicular development, endometrial thickness and serum estradiol. Methods An observational cross-sectional study. This trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Health Center, Assiut, between August 2008 and March 2010. Infertile women with documented normal semen analysis of husband, normal HSG presented for infertility outpatient clinic [hospital and private]. We included 59 patients who were followed up for 3 successive ovarian cycles for ovulation monitoring whether spontaneous or induced cycles using either CC or gonadotrophins and timed intercourse. A total of 136 cycles were documented and concluded as 'ovulatory'. All patients had tansvaginal ultrasonography done 3-4 times per ovarian cycle; once day 5-8, once day 9-11, 12-15, once day 16-19 if required. The following parameters were recorded; follicular development, endometrial thickness, endocervical mucosal echogenicity, and endocervical mucus. Primary outcome measures: thickening of the endocervix and appearance of cervical mucus; documented by TVS. Secondary outcome measures: occurrence of clinical pregnancy. Results Cervical mucus was seen when mean follicular diameter was 16.5mm and median endometrial thickness was 7.5mm. Both appearance of endocervical mucus and thickening of endocervical mucosa ≥ 4.65 mm were essential for the pregnancy to occur. Conclusions Cervix is a dynamic structure changing under the effect of ovarian hormones. Endocervical changes and appearance of cervical mucus is a good bioassay to the ovulatory state and may obviate the need for measurement of serum estradiol.

PURPOSE: To identify the causative bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Upper Egypt. METHODS: A multicentre prospective study was performed for 2 years. Sampling was done for all patients including, sputum and /or BAL for Gram stain and culture, and serum for serology. Samples were cultured on 3 media (Nutrient, Chocolate and MaConkey's agars).Indirect Fluorescent Antibody was used to detect atypical pathogens. RESULTS: The predominant isolates in 360 patients with CAP were S.pneumoniae (36%),C.pneumoniae(18%),M. pneumoniae(12%) and K. pneumoniae (10%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, macrolides, and cefepime. A higher rate of resistance was recorded for tetracyclines,cephalosporins, lincomycin, and β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor. Predominant isolates in 318 patients with HAP were, MRSA (23%), K. pneumoniae (14%), E.coli (11%), P. aeruginosa (9%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for vancomycin, amikacin, and respiratory quinolones. An absolute resistance was recorded for β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor, high rates were recorded for cephalosporins.Predominant isolates in 376 patients with AECOPD were H. influnzae (30%), S. pneumoniae (25%), M. catarrhalis (18%), K. pneumoniae (12%) and C. pneumoniae (5%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for quinolones, macrolides and cefepime. High resistance was recorded for amikacin, clindamycin, and cephalosporins. CONCLUSION: The most predominant bacteria for CAP in Upper Egypt are S. pneumoniae and atypical organisms, while that for HAP are MRSA and Gram negative bacteria. For AECOPD, H.influnzae is the commonest. Respiratory quinolones, linezolides, and cefepime are the most efficient antibiotics in treatment of LRTIs in our locality.

PURPOSE: To identify the causative bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Upper Egypt. METHODS: A multicentre prospective study was performed for 2 years. Sampling was done for all patients including, sputum and /or BAL for Gram stain and culture, and serum for serology. Samples were cultured on 3 media (Nutrient, Chocolate and MaConkey's agars).Indirect Fluorescent Antibody was used to detect atypical pathogens. RESULTS: The predominant isolates in 360 patients with CAP were S.pneumoniae (36%),C.pneumoniae(18%),M. pneumoniae(12%) and K. pneumoniae (10%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, macrolides, and cefepime. A higher rate of resistance was recorded for tetracyclines,cephalosporins, lincomycin, and β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor. Predominant isolates in 318 patients with HAP were, MRSA (23%), K. pneumoniae (14%), E.coli (11%), P. aeruginosa (9%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for vancomycin, amikacin, and respiratory quinolones. An absolute resistance was recorded for β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor, high rates were recorded for cephalosporins.Predominant isolates in 376 patients with AECOPD were H. influnzae (30%), S. pneumoniae (25%), M. catarrhalis (18%), K. pneumoniae (12%) and C. pneumoniae (5%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for quinolones, macrolides and cefepime. High resistance was recorded for amikacin, clindamycin, and cephalosporins. CONCLUSION: The most predominant bacteria for CAP in Upper Egypt are S. pneumoniae and atypical organisms, while that for HAP are MRSA and Gram negative bacteria. For AECOPD, H.influnzae is the commonest. Respiratory quinolones, linezolides, and cefepime are the most efficient antibiotics in treatment of LRTIs in our locality.

PURPOSE: To identify the causative bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Upper Egypt. METHODS: A multicentre prospective study was performed for 2 years. Sampling was done for all patients including, sputum and /or BAL for Gram stain and culture, and serum for serology. Samples were cultured on 3 media (Nutrient, Chocolate and MaConkey's agars).Indirect Fluorescent Antibody was used to detect atypical pathogens. RESULTS: The predominant isolates in 360 patients with CAP were S.pneumoniae (36%),C.pneumoniae(18%),M. pneumoniae(12%) and K. pneumoniae (10%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, macrolides, and cefepime. A higher rate of resistance was recorded for tetracyclines,cephalosporins, lincomycin, and β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor. Predominant isolates in 318 patients with HAP were, MRSA (23%), K. pneumoniae (14%), E.coli (11%), P. aeruginosa (9%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for vancomycin, amikacin, and respiratory quinolones. An absolute resistance was recorded for β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor, high rates were recorded for cephalosporins.Predominant isolates in 376 patients with AECOPD were H. influnzae (30%), S. pneumoniae (25%), M. catarrhalis (18%), K. pneumoniae (12%) and C. pneumoniae (5%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for quinolones, macrolides and cefepime. High resistance was recorded for amikacin, clindamycin, and cephalosporins. CONCLUSION: The most predominant bacteria for CAP in Upper Egypt are S. pneumoniae and atypical organisms, while that for HAP are MRSA and Gram negative bacteria. For AECOPD, H.influnzae is the commonest. Respiratory quinolones, linezolides, and cefepime are the most efficient antibiotics in treatment of LRTIs in our locality.

PURPOSE: To identify the causative bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Upper Egypt. METHODS: A multicentre prospective study was performed for 2 years. Sampling was done for all patients including, sputum and /or BAL for Gram stain and culture, and serum for serology. Samples were cultured on 3 media (Nutrient, Chocolate and MaConkey's agars).Indirect Fluorescent Antibody was used to detect atypical pathogens. RESULTS: The predominant isolates in 360 patients with CAP were S.pneumoniae (36%),C.pneumoniae(18%),M. pneumoniae(12%) and K. pneumoniae (10%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, macrolides, and cefepime. A higher rate of resistance was recorded for tetracyclines,cephalosporins, lincomycin, and β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor. Predominant isolates in 318 patients with HAP were, MRSA (23%), K. pneumoniae (14%), E.coli (11%), P. aeruginosa (9%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for vancomycin, amikacin, and respiratory quinolones. An absolute resistance was recorded for β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor, high rates were recorded for cephalosporins.Predominant isolates in 376 patients with AECOPD were H. influnzae (30%), S. pneumoniae (25%), M. catarrhalis (18%), K. pneumoniae (12%) and C. pneumoniae (5%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for quinolones, macrolides and cefepime. High resistance was recorded for amikacin, clindamycin, and cephalosporins. CONCLUSION: The most predominant bacteria for CAP in Upper Egypt are S. pneumoniae and atypical organisms, while that for HAP are MRSA and Gram negative bacteria. For AECOPD, H.influnzae is the commonest. Respiratory quinolones, linezolides, and cefepime are the most efficient antibiotics in treatment of LRTIs in our locality.