Background: Taking into consideration the presence of melatonin (MEL) in gastrointestinal (GI) tissue and its role in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) physiology, it is practical to speculate that melatonin could influence inflammation-related GI disorders, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Aim of the study: We hypothesized the preventive, short and long term effects of melatonin administration on acetic acid (AA) induced colitis in rats and its potential underlying mechanism. We evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor NF-kappa beta (NF- κβ). Also, we estimated the relation between AA-induced colitis and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) serum level. Materials and methods: The animals were divided into 5 groups. Control group, AA induced-colitis group, Pre-treated group, Short-term treated group, and Long-term treated group. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for measurement of PTX-3, lipid peroxide (LP) and total thiols (TT). Colon was taken for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical study for detection of NF- κβ expression. Results: MEL is effective in prevention and short-term treatment of AA-induced colitis as indicated by attenuating the colitis symptoms such as rectal bleeding, reduction of the body weight, the increase in the colonic weight and reduction of the severity of mucosal damage dramatically. Also, MEL administration decreased NF- κβ immunohistochemical expression, decreased serum level of LP and PTX-3 and increased serum level of TT. However, in long-term treatment MEL has negative effect on AA-induced colitis. Conclusion: MEL is effective in prevention and short-term treatment of colonic inflammatory process while long-term treatment exacerbate the colitis. Also, the outcome indicated that melatonin contributes in a variety of guard mechanisms against colonic inflammatory processes by inhibiting the NF- κβ and conserving the vital endogenous antioxidant reserve of TT, thus dipping the level of colonic damage, mainly in the early phase of colitis.

Background: Taking into consideration the presence of melatonin (MEL) in gastrointestinal (GI) tissue and its role in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) physiology, it is practical to speculate that melatonin could influence inflammation-related GI disorders, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Aim of the study: We hypothesized the preventive, short and long term effects of melatonin administration on acetic acid (AA) induced colitis in rats and its potential underlying mechanism. We evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor NF-kappa beta (NF- κβ). Also, we estimated the relation between AA-induced colitis and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) serum level. Materials and methods: The animals were divided into 5 groups. Control group, AA induced-colitis group, Pre-treated group, Short-term treated group, and Long-term treated group. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for measurement of PTX-3, lipid peroxide (LP) and total thiols (TT). Colon was taken for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical study for detection of NF- κβ expression. Results: MEL is effective in prevention and short-term treatment of AA-induced colitis as indicated by attenuating the colitis symptoms such as rectal bleeding, reduction of the body weight, the increase in the colonic weight and reduction of the severity of mucosal damage dramatically. Also, MEL administration decreased NF- κβ immunohistochemical expression, decreased serum level of LP and PTX-3 and increased serum level of TT. However, in long-term treatment MEL has negative effect on AA-induced colitis. Conclusion: MEL is effective in prevention and short-term treatment of colonic inflammatory process while long-term treatment exacerbate the colitis. Also, the outcome indicated that melatonin contributes in a variety of guard mechanisms against colonic inflammatory processes by inhibiting the NF- κβ and conserving the vital endogenous antioxidant reserve of TT, thus dipping the level of colonic damage, mainly in the early phase of colitis.

Many factors affecting the lung functions, directly or indirectly, including anthropometric values, nutritional state, and body mass index. The aim of this study (First study in the middle Egypt, Assiut governorate) was depending on estimation of predication equation reference; establish normal spirometric values with age from 20-45 years in both genders. Furthermore, we compared our result with previous studies in our Arabic area as well as united state (US) population. The prediction equation in Assiut area governorate is including the height besides, age and weight. From results, it was found that the spirometric values and the prediction equation in males are better than female. It is in agreement with Jordanian male but less in female. While our results in both male and female is less than US population. It is concluded that prediction equation in our area in Egypt is including weight and the spirometric values in females is less than males. These results are in agreement with other Arabic studies (Jordanian rather than Omani). The spirometric values in our area similar to Arabic area and are less than US population which maybe due to differences in anthropometric features, genetics as well as dietary habits.

Many factors affecting the lung functions, directly or indirectly, including anthropometric values, nutritional state, and body mass index. The aim of this study (First study in the middle Egypt, Assiut governorate) was depending on estimation of predication equation reference; establish normal spirometric values with age from 20-45 years in both genders. Furthermore, we compared our result with previous studies in our Arabic area as well as united state (US) population. The prediction equation in Assiut area governorate is including the height besides, age and weight. From results, it was found that the spirometric values and the prediction equation in males are better than female. It is in agreement with Jordanian male but less in female. While our results in both male and female is less than US population. It is concluded that prediction equation in our area in Egypt is including weight and the spirometric values in females is less than males. These results are in agreement with other Arabic studies (Jordanian rather than Omani). The spirometric values in our area similar to Arabic area and are less than US population which maybe due to differences in anthropometric features, genetics as well as dietary habits.

Many factors affecting the lung functions, directly or indirectly, including anthropometric values, nutritional state, and body mass index. The aim of this study (First study in the middle Egypt, Assiut governorate) was depending on estimation of predication equation reference; establish normal spirometric values with age from 20-45 years in both genders. Furthermore, we compared our result with previous studies in our Arabic area as well as united state (US) population. The prediction equation in Assiut area governorate is including the height besides, age and weight. From results, it was found that the spirometric values and the prediction equation in males are better than female. It is in agreement with Jordanian male but less in female. While our results in both male and female is less than US population. It is concluded that prediction equation in our area in Egypt is including weight and the spirometric values in females is less than males. These results are in agreement with other Arabic studies (Jordanian rather than Omani). The spirometric values in our area similar to Arabic area and are less than US population which maybe due to differences in anthropometric features, genetics as well as dietary habits.

The kidney is one of the organs that highly susceptible to age-related tissue damage. Several human and animal studies show decline in renal function with age. We examined the effect of endothelin-1 on age-related changes on renal function and whether this effect is mediated by ET-1 receptor types A or B. Also, we investigated the hemodynamic response to ET-1 and ET-1 receptor antagonist. Two age groups of male rats were used: young (4–5 months) and old (19–20 months). Each group was subdivided into four experiments in which hemodynamic and renal function data were measured after administration of saline (control group), acute intravenous injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1 group), administration of BQ-123, ETA receptor antagonist, 20 minutes before ET-1 (ETA antagonist group) and administration of BQ-788, ETB receptor antagonist, 20 minutes before ET-1(ETB antagonist group). We found that aging is associated with elevated mean arterial blood pressure and reduced renal function data. ET-1 injection resulted in more pressor response in old rats and more reduction of renal function data in young rats. Pretreatment with BQ-123 improved renal function with more augmentation in old rats while BQ-788 pretreatment has no effect on renal function. These results indicated that ET-1 and ET-1A receptor play a crucial role in age-related change in renal function.

The kidney is one of the organs that highly susceptible to age-related tissue damage. Several human and animal studies show decline in renal function with age. We examined the effect of endothelin-1 on age-related changes on renal function and whether this effect is mediated by ET-1 receptor types A or B. Also, we investigated the hemodynamic response to ET-1 and ET-1 receptor antagonist. Two age groups of male rats were used: young (4–5 months) and old (19–20 months). Each group was subdivided into four experiments in which hemodynamic and renal function data were measured after administration of saline (control group), acute intravenous injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1 group), administration of BQ-123, ETA receptor antagonist, 20 minutes before ET-1 (ETA antagonist group) and administration of BQ-788, ETB receptor antagonist, 20 minutes before ET-1(ETB antagonist group). We found that aging is associated with elevated mean arterial blood pressure and reduced renal function data. ET-1 injection resulted in more pressor response in old rats and more reduction of renal function data in young rats. Pretreatment with BQ-123 improved renal function with more augmentation in old rats while BQ-788 pretreatment has no effect on renal function. These results indicated that ET-1 and ET-1A receptor play a crucial role in age-related change in renal function.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a syndrome with a diagnostic criteria based on hypoxemia and a classical radiological appearance, with acute respiratory distress syndrome at the severe end of the disease. Facts recommended the occurrence of rupture of the basement membranes and interstitial matrix remodeling during ALI. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) participate in tissue remodeling related with pathological conditions such as acute lung injury. We hypothesized the interrelationships between extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover as MMP-9 and indicator of angiogenesis such as angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) as well as plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and their correlation with arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), oxygen saturation (SaO2) and mortality in ALI/ARDS. Materials and Methods: 88 mechanically ventilated patients [68 male, mean (SD) age 61 (10) years] were compared to 40 healthy controls [36 male, mean (SD) age 57 (10)]. All biomarkers were measured by Enzyme linked immunosorbeant assay (ELISA). Oxygenation, body temperature, leucocytes, and platelet counts were noted. Results: Plasma levels of all biomarkers were significantly different, among ALI/ARDS subjects (p0.001). They were inversely related to PaO2 and SaO2and positively related to mortality. In addition, increased MMP-9, Ang-2 and vWF levels were interrelated on the first day of admission. Conclusions: The observed diversity in plasma levels of MMP-9, Ang-2 and vWF in ALI/ARDS patients revealed the activity and severity of the disease, shedding more light onto the pathogenesis and/or presentation of ARDS.