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Background: Saudi Health Information Survey reported that diabetes affects 13.2% of the population while 16.3% are borderline, also obesity affects 28.7% of the population. Diabetes has a major impact on health and quality of life. whereas, early control of type 2 diabetes also reduces the risk of mortality. Aim: we aimed to explore the prevalence and the most important determinants of diabetes among a sample of Saudi obese adults and discover the reliability and validity of the CANRISK scale. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 390 obese, adult Saudis attending the 9th Olive Festival in Al-Jouf region, KSA using CANRISK questionnaire and blood sugar testing was carried out. Results: There was statistically significant association between diabetes and participants’ age (p0.001) and insignificant association for gender, marital status, educational level, monthly income, smoking and healthy habits (p>0.05). The risk of having diabetes was increased 3.7 times for the older age group (64-74 years) in comparison to the younger group with a steady risk increase with advanced age (AOR=3.7, 95% CI 1.5-9.4). The risk of having pre-diabetes or diabetes was high in 72%, moderate in 22.5% and low in only 5.5% of the studied sample. Conclusion: Prevention strategies need to address the differential risks for diabetes among the expected high-risk groups and consider them as targets for clinical and public health action.

Abstract: Background: The immune system plays an essential role in the clearance of warts, and thus recently there is a trend to use immunotherapy in wart treatment. Tuberculin-purified protein derivatives (PPDs) and zinc sulfate 2% were not previously compared regarding their efficacy in the treatment of warts. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of intralesional (IL) immunotherapy with tuberculin PPD versus zinc sulfate 2% in multiple recalcitrant palmar and/or plantar warts. Patients and methods: Forty-five patients who presented with resistant palmar and/or plantar warts were divided randomly into two groups: the first group included 23 patients treated with IL tuberculin PPD, and the second group included 22 patients treated with IL zinc sulfate 2%. Results: The target wart in the tuberculin-PPD-treated group showed a statistically nonsignificant higher rate of complete clearance compared with the zinc sulfate 2%-treated group (87 vs. 72.7%, respectively). Partial response was seen in 13 versus 13.6% and no response was seen in 0 versus 13.6%. In untreated distant warts, the tuberculin-PPD-treated group showed statistically significant higher rates of complete response compared with the zinc sulfate 2%-treated group (73.9 vs. 40.9%, respectively); the partial response was 13 versus 36.4% and no response was 13 versus 22.7%, respectively. Conclusion: IL immunotherapy with tuberculin PPD was more effective than zinc sulfate 2% in the treatment of cutaneous warts. It is a simple, effective, safe procedure, with tolerable pain, and it may represent an alternative treatment for multiple resistant palmar and/or plantar warts. NULL