Background The carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the diagnostic efficacy of the gray-scale and Doppler sonography in the diagnosis and grading of patients with CTS. Patients and methods This is a prospective study conducted on 40 adult patients (28 women and 12 men; 76 wrists). Twenty were suffering from CTS, and the other 20 were healthy controls. All of them were examined using a 7–12 MHz linear transducer. Presence of median nerve edema, swelling, flattening ratio of the median nerve, and bowing of the flexor retinaculum were evaluated by gray-scale sonography while Doppler sonography evaluated intraneural hypervascularity. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated considering the nerve conduction studies as a gold standard. Results Cross-sectional area (CSA) inlet has the highest sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of CTS (92 and 90%, respectively) in addition to subjective ultrasonography findings such as nerve edema and nerve mobility which had a100% specificity. Doppler examination findings also had a high specificity of 92%. Combined CSA inlet and the swelling ratio have a higher diagnostic accuracy of 95% in diagnosing CTS compared with CSA inlet alone. The CSA inlet used in the grading of CTS with cutoff values of 9–15 mm2 for mild CTS, CSA more than 15 mm2 for moderate CTS, and CSA more than or equal to 16 mm2 for severe CTS. Conclusion A combination of CSA inlet and swelling ratio have the highest sensitivity and accuracy than CSA inlet alone in diagnosing CTS.

Background:Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common cause of a painful joint, and it is associated withsignificant health economic consequences. About literature, KOA is usually diagnosed according to changes seenon conventional radiography, but the radiographic features of OA do not correlate with its symptoms. Nowadays,ultrasonography is becoming a non-invasive imaging tool for OA in the clinical setting. Thus, the purpose of thisstudy was to evaluate the correlation between musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK US) and the Western Ontario andMcMaster University (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index findings in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:Between August 2015 and October 2017, 50 patients with a mean age of 46.72 ± 9.12 years who fulfilled theAmerican College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for KOA were included. All the patients underwent a clinicalassessment with the calculation of the WOMAC index, and they underwent knee US examination and conventionalradiography (CR). Spearman’s rho was used to assess the association between MSK US findings and the WOMAC index.Results:The mean pain score was 10.08 ± 2.89, stiffness was 3.34 ± 1.72, physical function was 26.26 ± 9.6, and the totalWOMAC score was 39.68 ± 12.83. Forty-seven knees showed radiographic femorotibial degenerative signs. The meanthicknesses of the ultrasound-measured articular cartilage of the medial condyle (MC), intercondylar notch area (IA),and lateral condyle (LC) were 0.23 ± 0.60 cm, 0.33 ± 0.69 cm, and 0.30 ± 0.81 cm, respectively. The US findings alsoincluded suprapatellar joint effusion (50%), medial meniscal extrusion (40%), and osteophytes (70%). A positivecorrelation was found between the mean articular cartilage thickness of the IA, mean pain score, and stiffnesssubclasses of the WOMAC score (r=0.342,p=0.015;r=0.414,p=0.003),respectively.Conclusions:The severity of KOA, based on articular cartilage thickness, showed good correlation with the pain andstiffness subclasses of the WOMAC score.

Background:Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common cause of a painful joint, and it is associated withsignificant health economic consequences. About literature, KOA is usually diagnosed according to changes seenon conventional radiography, but the radiographic features of OA do not correlate with its symptoms. Nowadays,ultrasonography is becoming a non-invasive imaging tool for OA in the clinical setting. Thus, the purpose of thisstudy was to evaluate the correlation between musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK US) and the Western Ontario andMcMaster University (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index findings in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:Between August 2015 and October 2017, 50 patients with a mean age of 46.72 ± 9.12 years who fulfilled theAmerican College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for KOA were included. All the patients underwent a clinicalassessment with the calculation of the WOMAC index, and they underwent knee US examination and conventionalradiography (CR). Spearman’s rho was used to assess the association between MSK US findings and the WOMAC index.Results:The mean pain score was 10.08 ± 2.89, stiffness was 3.34 ± 1.72, physical function was 26.26 ± 9.6, and the totalWOMAC score was 39.68 ± 12.83. Forty-seven knees showed radiographic femorotibial degenerative signs. The meanthicknesses of the ultrasound-measured articular cartilage of the medial condyle (MC), intercondylar notch area (IA),and lateral condyle (LC) were 0.23 ± 0.60 cm, 0.33 ± 0.69 cm, and 0.30 ± 0.81 cm, respectively. The US findings alsoincluded suprapatellar joint effusion (50%), medial meniscal extrusion (40%), and osteophytes (70%). A positivecorrelation was found between the mean articular cartilage thickness of the IA, mean pain score, and stiffnesssubclasses of the WOMAC score (r=0.342,p=0.015;r=0.414,p=0.003),respectively.Conclusions:The severity of KOA, based on articular cartilage thickness, showed good correlation with the pain andstiffness subclasses of the WOMAC score.

Background:Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common cause of a painful joint, and it is associated withsignificant health economic consequences. About literature, KOA is usually diagnosed according to changes seenon conventional radiography, but the radiographic features of OA do not correlate with its symptoms. Nowadays,ultrasonography is becoming a non-invasive imaging tool for OA in the clinical setting. Thus, the purpose of thisstudy was to evaluate the correlation between musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK US) and the Western Ontario andMcMaster University (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index findings in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:Between August 2015 and October 2017, 50 patients with a mean age of 46.72 ± 9.12 years who fulfilled theAmerican College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for KOA were included. All the patients underwent a clinicalassessment with the calculation of the WOMAC index, and they underwent knee US examination and conventionalradiography (CR). Spearman’s rho was used to assess the association between MSK US findings and the WOMAC index.Results:The mean pain score was 10.08 ± 2.89, stiffness was 3.34 ± 1.72, physical function was 26.26 ± 9.6, and the totalWOMAC score was 39.68 ± 12.83. Forty-seven knees showed radiographic femorotibial degenerative signs. The meanthicknesses of the ultrasound-measured articular cartilage of the medial condyle (MC), intercondylar notch area (IA),and lateral condyle (LC) were 0.23 ± 0.60 cm, 0.33 ± 0.69 cm, and 0.30 ± 0.81 cm, respectively. The US findings alsoincluded suprapatellar joint effusion (50%), medial meniscal extrusion (40%), and osteophytes (70%). A positivecorrelation was found between the mean articular cartilage thickness of the IA, mean pain score, and stiffnesssubclasses of the WOMAC score (r=0.342,p=0.015;r=0.414,p=0.003),respectively.Conclusions:The severity of KOA, based on articular cartilage thickness, showed good correlation with the pain andstiffness subclasses of the WOMAC score.

Rationale and Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of MDCT and lapa-roscopy in the prediction of peritoneal carcinomatosis index score. Reproducibility of MDCT interpreta-tion was also assessed.Methods:This prospective study included 85 ovarian cancer patients underwent MDCT and diagnosticlaparoscopy before cytoreductive surgery. We calculated the accuracy of diagnostic modalities in thecalculation of the peritoneal cancer index score (PCI). Radiologist interobserver agreement was calcu-lated using kappa statistics.Results:Nine hundred-thirty (84.2%) of the 1105 regions had peritoneal deposits at exploratory laparot-omy. Computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopy sensitivity were 94.9%, 98.3%, specificity 86.7%,80.4%, PPV 97.9 %, 96.8%, NPV 72.2%, 88.8 %, and accuracy 93.8 %, 95.7%, respectively. However,computed tomography (CT) diagnostic performance is less accurate than laparoscopy in pelvic andsmall intestinal regions; no statistically significant differences were evident regarding total PCI scorecompared to surgery (p>0.05). CT and laparoscopy correctly depicted peritoneal carcinomatosis in88.2%, 90.6% of patients, respectively. Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 68 (80%) patients.Conclusion:Both CT and laparoscopy seems to be effective tools for assessment of peritoneal carci-nomatosis using the PCI score. Dedicated MDCT protocol with routine use of a standardized PCI formmay provide better comprehensive multi-regional analysis that may help surgeons referring patients tothe best treatment option. Laparoscopy is a valuable tool in cases with a high risk of suboptimal cytore-duction related to disease extent.

Rationale and Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of MDCT and lapa-roscopy in the prediction of peritoneal carcinomatosis index score. Reproducibility of MDCT interpreta-tion was also assessed.Methods:This prospective study included 85 ovarian cancer patients underwent MDCT and diagnosticlaparoscopy before cytoreductive surgery. We calculated the accuracy of diagnostic modalities in thecalculation of the peritoneal cancer index score (PCI). Radiologist interobserver agreement was calcu-lated using kappa statistics.Results:Nine hundred-thirty (84.2%) of the 1105 regions had peritoneal deposits at exploratory laparot-omy. Computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopy sensitivity were 94.9%, 98.3%, specificity 86.7%,80.4%, PPV 97.9 %, 96.8%, NPV 72.2%, 88.8 %, and accuracy 93.8 %, 95.7%, respectively. However,computed tomography (CT) diagnostic performance is less accurate than laparoscopy in pelvic andsmall intestinal regions; no statistically significant differences were evident regarding total PCI scorecompared to surgery (p>0.05). CT and laparoscopy correctly depicted peritoneal carcinomatosis in88.2%, 90.6% of patients, respectively. Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 68 (80%) patients.Conclusion:Both CT and laparoscopy seems to be effective tools for assessment of peritoneal carci-nomatosis using the PCI score. Dedicated MDCT protocol with routine use of a standardized PCI formmay provide better comprehensive multi-regional analysis that may help surgeons referring patients tothe best treatment option. Laparoscopy is a valuable tool in cases with a high risk of suboptimal cytore-duction related to disease extent.

Rationale and Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of MDCT and lapa-roscopy in the prediction of peritoneal carcinomatosis index score. Reproducibility of MDCT interpreta-tion was also assessed.Methods:This prospective study included 85 ovarian cancer patients underwent MDCT and diagnosticlaparoscopy before cytoreductive surgery. We calculated the accuracy of diagnostic modalities in thecalculation of the peritoneal cancer index score (PCI). Radiologist interobserver agreement was calcu-lated using kappa statistics.Results:Nine hundred-thirty (84.2%) of the 1105 regions had peritoneal deposits at exploratory laparot-omy. Computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopy sensitivity were 94.9%, 98.3%, specificity 86.7%,80.4%, PPV 97.9 %, 96.8%, NPV 72.2%, 88.8 %, and accuracy 93.8 %, 95.7%, respectively. However,computed tomography (CT) diagnostic performance is less accurate than laparoscopy in pelvic andsmall intestinal regions; no statistically significant differences were evident regarding total PCI scorecompared to surgery (p>0.05). CT and laparoscopy correctly depicted peritoneal carcinomatosis in88.2%, 90.6% of patients, respectively. Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 68 (80%) patients.Conclusion:Both CT and laparoscopy seems to be effective tools for assessment of peritoneal carci-nomatosis using the PCI score. Dedicated MDCT protocol with routine use of a standardized PCI formmay provide better comprehensive multi-regional analysis that may help surgeons referring patients tothe best treatment option. Laparoscopy is a valuable tool in cases with a high risk of suboptimal cytore-duction related to disease extent.

Rationale and Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of MDCT and lapa-roscopy in the prediction of peritoneal carcinomatosis index score. Reproducibility of MDCT interpreta-tion was also assessed.Methods:This prospective study included 85 ovarian cancer patients underwent MDCT and diagnosticlaparoscopy before cytoreductive surgery. We calculated the accuracy of diagnostic modalities in thecalculation of the peritoneal cancer index score (PCI). Radiologist interobserver agreement was calcu-lated using kappa statistics.Results:Nine hundred-thirty (84.2%) of the 1105 regions had peritoneal deposits at exploratory laparot-omy. Computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopy sensitivity were 94.9%, 98.3%, specificity 86.7%,80.4%, PPV 97.9 %, 96.8%, NPV 72.2%, 88.8 %, and accuracy 93.8 %, 95.7%, respectively. However,computed tomography (CT) diagnostic performance is less accurate than laparoscopy in pelvic andsmall intestinal regions; no statistically significant differences were evident regarding total PCI scorecompared to surgery (p>0.05). CT and laparoscopy correctly depicted peritoneal carcinomatosis in88.2%, 90.6% of patients, respectively. Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 68 (80%) patients.Conclusion:Both CT and laparoscopy seems to be effective tools for assessment of peritoneal carci-nomatosis using the PCI score. Dedicated MDCT protocol with routine use of a standardized PCI formmay provide better comprehensive multi-regional analysis that may help surgeons referring patients tothe best treatment option. Laparoscopy is a valuable tool in cases with a high risk of suboptimal cytore-duction related to disease extent.

Rationale and Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of MDCT and lapa-roscopy in the prediction of peritoneal carcinomatosis index score. Reproducibility of MDCT interpreta-tion was also assessed.Methods:This prospective study included 85 ovarian cancer patients underwent MDCT and diagnosticlaparoscopy before cytoreductive surgery. We calculated the accuracy of diagnostic modalities in thecalculation of the peritoneal cancer index score (PCI). Radiologist interobserver agreement was calcu-lated using kappa statistics.Results:Nine hundred-thirty (84.2%) of the 1105 regions had peritoneal deposits at exploratory laparot-omy. Computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopy sensitivity were 94.9%, 98.3%, specificity 86.7%,80.4%, PPV 97.9 %, 96.8%, NPV 72.2%, 88.8 %, and accuracy 93.8 %, 95.7%, respectively. However,computed tomography (CT) diagnostic performance is less accurate than laparoscopy in pelvic andsmall intestinal regions; no statistically significant differences were evident regarding total PCI scorecompared to surgery (p>0.05). CT and laparoscopy correctly depicted peritoneal carcinomatosis in88.2%, 90.6% of patients, respectively. Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 68 (80%) patients.Conclusion:Both CT and laparoscopy seems to be effective tools for assessment of peritoneal carci-nomatosis using the PCI score. Dedicated MDCT protocol with routine use of a standardized PCI formmay provide better comprehensive multi-regional analysis that may help surgeons referring patients tothe best treatment option. Laparoscopy is a valuable tool in cases with a high risk of suboptimal cytore-duction related to disease extent.

Rationale and Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of MDCT and lapa-roscopy in the prediction of peritoneal carcinomatosis index score. Reproducibility of MDCT interpreta-tion was also assessed.Methods:This prospective study included 85 ovarian cancer patients underwent MDCT and diagnosticlaparoscopy before cytoreductive surgery. We calculated the accuracy of diagnostic modalities in thecalculation of the peritoneal cancer index score (PCI). Radiologist interobserver agreement was calcu-lated using kappa statistics.Results:Nine hundred-thirty (84.2%) of the 1105 regions had peritoneal deposits at exploratory laparot-omy. Computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopy sensitivity were 94.9%, 98.3%, specificity 86.7%,80.4%, PPV 97.9 %, 96.8%, NPV 72.2%, 88.8 %, and accuracy 93.8 %, 95.7%, respectively. However,computed tomography (CT) diagnostic performance is less accurate than laparoscopy in pelvic andsmall intestinal regions; no statistically significant differences were evident regarding total PCI scorecompared to surgery (p>0.05). CT and laparoscopy correctly depicted peritoneal carcinomatosis in88.2%, 90.6% of patients, respectively. Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 68 (80%) patients.Conclusion:Both CT and laparoscopy seems to be effective tools for assessment of peritoneal carci-nomatosis using the PCI score. Dedicated MDCT protocol with routine use of a standardized PCI formmay provide better comprehensive multi-regional analysis that may help surgeons referring patients tothe best treatment option. Laparoscopy is a valuable tool in cases with a high risk of suboptimal cytore-duction related to disease extent.