The geoelectrical tomography survey was carried out to explore and characterize a (Zn-Pb-Ag) sulphide deposit in Nash Creek (NC), New Brunswick province, Canada. The exploration strategy has been conducted by the 2-D survey for a well-cut grid consisting of twelve surface lines (profiles) each around 2 km long, and 300 m apart, for the total area around 9.5 km². The datasets (resistivity and induced polarization) were acquired using the Iris El-Rec Pro system with pole-dipole electrodes array spaced 50 m apart, and ten levels of data datum. The results of the 2-D inversion revealed that the underground resistivity and chargeability values in the exploration area have a range of (5 to 1300 Ωm) and (0-9.5 mV/V), respectively. The sulphide mineralization zones in the exploration area are characterized by moderate resistivity values (150-300 Ωm) and moderate to low chargeability values (>5.5 mV/V), with a depth of around (90140 m) from the surface. The 3-D visualization model clearly reveals that three main zones of sulphide mineralization are present in the exploration area. The predicted geological reserve of the sulphide ore in the exploration area was calculated. The inverted models revealed a good agreement with the existing geological features in the exploration area.

Mineral exploration in the Canadian shield is a major challenge nowadays. This is because of the thick overburden cover and complex geology. Borehole tomography using resistivity and induced polarization (BHDCIP) method has a big advantage here due to that the data is acquired underneath the cover and data quality, in general, is superior to that acquired at the surface. BHDCIP provides good resistivity and chargeability data, which can identify mineralization easily. In this study, the BHDCIP survey with high-resolution data was carried out to identify mineralization zones in the McCreedy West zone, north-western Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Two and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) inversion results of three boreholes clearly revealed the mineralization zones and that harmonised with previous geological studies in the study area. The BHDCIP method provided insight and developed an informative subsurface map to identify the mineralization zones, thus proving it as a beneficial tool used for mineral exploration in complex geology with a minimal data survey and an irregular geometrical distribution.

The study aimed at investigating the geochemistry of a sandstone-type uranium deposit in Tarat formation for provenance, paleo-redox, tectonic setting in order to propose a geological model of uranium. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Induced Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses were used to determine the sandstone composition. Major, trace and rare earth element compositions of the sandstones have been investigated to determine their provenance, tectonic setting and the influence of weathering conditions. Field studies of Tarat formation revealed that a major accident N30˚ that can be interpreted as an extension of the Austriche accident ensures the controls of Tarat sedimentation and mineralization deposits and the presence oxidized zone and reduced zone indicate the direction of circulation of the mineralized fluids from West to East. The uranium mineralization is disseminated as pitchblende that gives a yellow color to the sandstone while, molybdenum mineralization gives a blue color to the sandstone. Results of the Geochemical analysis indicate that the sandstone-type uranium deposit of Taratis classified into Protoquarzite (i.e. lithearenite and sublitharenite), arkose, subarkose, wacke and quartz arenite and varied in their maturity. Their Rare Earth Elements (REE) pattern displays high light REE over heavy REE, flat HREE and a significant negative Eu and Ce anomalies and in general correlated well with the NASC and PAAS average composition. The source area may have contained quartzose sedimentary rocks. The geochemical data support deposition in reducing environment of arid to humid climatic conditions rich in organic matter affected by passive margin (PM) tectonic setting and the sediments are derived from felsic and mafic source rocks. Trace and REE data as well as the high values of the weathering indices: Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) suggest intermediate to extreme weathering conditions in the source area or during transportation. The studied sandstones are inferred as highly mature sediments evidenced from their high SiO₂/Al₂O₃ > 1 and the presence of the ultra-stable clay minerals, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite and illite. Also the Th/U < 3 ratio suggests high uranium enrichment of Tarat sandstones over crust average composition. From the factor analysis of the analyzed sandstone, there is no direct relationship between organic carbon and uranium, indicating the absence of organo-uraniferous composite and a major source derived from felsic to the mafic rock of Air Massif. The mineralized fluids of circulating from west to east are usually capped and underlain by impermeable mudstone or clay-rich units and uranium mineralization occurs in the association U-Mo-Pb or U-Zn-Ni-Pb structurally controlled by the major fault in Azaoua lineament fault NS of Arlit in the West, the N70˚ Tin Adrar “faisceau” in the North, the N30˚ Mouron accident in the Southeast, N30 Autriche accident in the West and precipitated in areas of suitable reducing environment of arid to humid climatic conditions rich in organic matter affected by passive margin (PM) tectonic setting. The negative correlation of U-Th and U-Na in our samples indicates intense remobilization of uranium in Tarat formation.

Interpretation of the aeromagnetic and radiometric data over the Agbabu bitumen-belt reflects the litho-structural features affecting the area and its significance over bitumen mineralization. The orientations of lineaments from magnetic images are predominantly ENE-WSW/W-E. Magnetic sources from Euler and SPI depth estimations compare reasonably well and range from 76 m to 1395 m and 217 m–731 m respectively. The shallow depths coincide with the depth at which bitumen deposit was detected in geological boreholes within Agbabu and Ilubirin. This suggests that the bitumen mineralization is structurally controlled and hosted by shallow sources. Radiometric maps have been used to delineate the boundaries of lithologies, especially basement-sedimentary boundaries and the rise of the basement. It appears that the key factor influencing the distribution of bitumen deposits is the ENE-WSW/W-E trend corridor, lithological boundaries, and basement rise. These results will provide a valuable framework for guiding further research and bitumen mineral exploration within the study area.

The ongoing uranium mining activities coupled with mines development in SOMAIR open pit mine at Arlit led to the discovery of a new prospect called Tamari prospect endowed with a potential uranium ore deposit and have been subjected to a very few scientific studies but their characteristics still need to be examined in further detail investigation in order to determine the mineralogical composition, ore genesis and geochemical characteristics of the deposit. Based on detailed studies using optical microscopy, backscattered electron imaging, electron-microprobe and high resolution elemental mapping, the authors have established that detrital, authigenic and uranium ore-stage minerlization are associated with the deposit. Previous studies on the deposits documented two stages of uranium deposits one close to 190 Ma and the other close to 150 Ma. The dominant uranium ore minerals occur as uraninite. Pyrite and galena are the most dominant sulfide minerals associated with the uranium mineralization and therefore, chemical composition analysis shows that pyrite contains an average U concentration up to of 7.62 wt% and galena has an average of 27.16 wt%. The association U–Zr–Pb present in the zircon and monazite indicates that the geochemical environment responsible for this correlation should be that with a large association with lithophile elements which occur in monazite and zircon minerals that could possibly be the potential source of uranium. The impregnation of organic matter with U–Ti oxide indicates a synsedimentary or early source of uranium. Uraninite contains a high concentration of Zr (av. 5.77 wt%) suggesting a probable succession of fluid circulation that would allow either the deposition of two generations of uraninites or mineralization leaching. The excellent positive correlation of U, Fe, Ca and Mn in the mineralized pole of U–Ti oxides is related to the presence of high concentrations of complexing ligands such as carbonate, oxalate, hydroxide, fulvic and humic acids in the deposits. Uranium mineralization occurs as Iriginite (U–Mo) and the powellite (Pb–MoO4) cemented the quartz grains and kaolinite highlights a late fluid circulation.

Hydrogeological active zones found in mine waste (tailings) dumping sites are a major source of concern that threatens the safety of the environment and groundwater, especially in karstic areas. Therefore, detecting and identifying these regions correctly will help in selecting the appropriate sites for tailings disposal and avoid consequential environmental problems. In this study, electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) surveys with high-resolution data were carried out to detect hydrogeological active zones in an area proposed as a settling pond for mining tailings accumulated from El Mochito mine property, located in the north-western section of Honduras. Two-dimensional (2-D) inversion results of thirty-four survey lines revealed several zones of low resistivity. These zones indicate water-/clay-bearing regions that are structurally weak. However, some survey lines, the limestone beneath the surface is entirely compacted; as such, it is considered to be an ideal site for tailings pond construction. In addition, on the eastern side of the valley, there is a large chunk limestone layer that is compacted and can be considered for tailings pond construction. The ERI method provided insight and developed an informative subsurface map to detect the hydrogeological active zones, thus proving it as a beneficial tool used for selecting disposal sites for mining tailings in karstic areas.

Solar energy industries require an accurate estimation of global solar irradiation particularly on inclined planes. This improves the accuracy of the sizing procedures and optimizes the performance of the solar energy platforms as photovoltaic modules and flat-plate solar collectors. A variety of the transposition models have been developed and reportedly determine incidences of solar irradiance on an inclined surface. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding identifying the most promising transposition model, particularly for the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA). Therefore, this article serves two main objectives. Firstly, it compares comprehensively 24 different transposition models. Several statistical methods are used to quantify the performance of the tilted surface transposition models. Furthermore, the transposition models are compared with real, hourly measured time-series data for several Palestinian cities to identify the promising and most accurate model. The analysis was carried out on three bases: annually, monthly, and a clearness index. The transposition models prove their ability to represent the measured data during the annual and monthly analyses, but they all failed to achieve complacency in the clearness index (K_tK_t) for the clear sky condition (K_t > 0.78). Secondly, the article advises a reliable and accurate transposition model for the area of the MENA for clear sky conditions. The proposed model was tested for the sites under investigation, and it produces significantly better performance than the candidate transposition models.

In this paper, the optimum coordination of an energy hub system, fed with multiple fuel options (natural gas, wood chips biomass, and electricity) to guarantee economically, environmentally friendly, and reliable operation of an energy hub, is presented. The objective is to lessen the total operating expenses and CO₂ emissions of the hub system. Additionally, the effect of renewable energy sources as photovoltaics (PVs) and wind turbines (WTs) on energy hub performance is investigated. A comparison of various configurations of the hub system is done. The proper planning of the hub elements is determined by a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to achieve the lowest level of the gross running cost and total system emissions, simultaneously. The outcomes show that the natural gas turbine (NGT) is superior to the biomass generating unit in lowering the gross operating expenses, while using the biomass wood chips plant is most effective in lessening the total CO₂ emissions than the NGT plant. Furthermore, the combination of the natural gas turbine, biomass generator, photovoltaics, and wind turbines enhances the operation of the hub infrastructures by lessening both the gross operating cost and overall CO₂ emission simultaneously.