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Orange is one of the most important citrus crops in Egypt. It subsists plentiful of impact issues such as pesticide residues regardless of the unwise use of pesticides. Herein, determination and quantification analyses of pesticide residues were determined by using LC-MS/MS and quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method in orange samples marketed in El Badari, Assiut city, Manfalut, El Qusiya, and Dairut that located in Assiut governorate, Egypt. As a result, 14 pesticide residues were found in total. one pesticide residue exceeded the maximum residue levels (MRLs) in two cities, i.e. El Badari and El Qusiya, (Fluzilazole 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg, respectively). Pyridaben was the most frequently found pesticide residue in 3 cities (Assiut city, Manfalut, and Dairut). Further, there was no health risk index appeared among the pesticide residues. Consequently, a regular pesticide residue analysis program is recommended to monitor pesticide residues in orange samples to retain the food safe, especially in upper Egypt.

Orange is one of the most important citrus crops in Egypt. It subsists plentiful of impact issues such as pesticide residues regardless of the unwise use of pesticides. Herein, determination and quantification analyses of pesticide residues were determined by using LC-MS/MS and quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method in orange samples marketed in El Badari, Assiut city, Manfalut, El Qusiya, and Dairut that located in Assiut governorate, Egypt. As a result, 14 pesticide residues were found in total. one pesticide residue exceeded the maximum residue levels (MRLs) in two cities, i.e. El Badari and El Qusiya, (Fluzilazole 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg, respectively). Pyridaben was the most frequently found pesticide residue in 3 cities (Assiut city, Manfalut, and Dairut). Further, there was no health risk index appeared among the pesticide residues. Consequently, a regular pesticide residue analysis program is recommended to monitor pesticide residues in orange samples to retain the food safe, especially in upper Egypt.

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على أهم المشكلات أو المعوقات سواء المتعلقة بالجوانب الإنتاجية أو التسويقية والتى تواجه مزارعى نخيل البلح فى محافظة الوادى الجديد. وقد تم تحديد وحصر أهم المشكلات الإنتاجية والتسويقية التى تواجه مزارعى هذا المحصول فى محافظة الوادى البجديد, ثم تناول الأسلوب التحليلى المستخدم فى تحليل البيانات الإحصائية, والطرق الإحصائية فى تحليل أراء المزارعين, والتى جمعت باستخدام استمارة الاستبيان والتى تضمنت أسئلة عن آراء المزارعين عن أهم المشكلات التى تواجههم, مع ترتيب المشكلة إن وجدت من وجهة نظرهه بالنسبة لبقية المشكلات, وبتحليل هذه التراتيب بالطرق الإحصائية غير القياتسية, كما تم استخدام أسلوب تحليل البيانات.

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على أهم المشكلات أو المعوقات سواء المتعلقة بالجوانب الإنتاجية أو التسويقية والتى تواجه مزارعى نخيل البلح فى محافظة الوادى الجديد. وقد تم تحديد وحصر أهم المشكلات الإنتاجية والتسويقية التى تواجه مزارعى هذا المحصول فى محافظة الوادى البجديد, ثم تناول الأسلوب التحليلى المستخدم فى تحليل البيانات الإحصائية, والطرق الإحصائية فى تحليل أراء المزارعين, والتى جمعت باستخدام استمارة الاستبيان والتى تضمنت أسئلة عن آراء المزارعين عن أهم المشكلات التى تواجههم, مع ترتيب المشكلة إن وجدت من وجهة نظرهه بالنسبة لبقية المشكلات, وبتحليل هذه التراتيب بالطرق الإحصائية غير القياتسية, كما تم استخدام أسلوب تحليل البيانات.

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على أهم المشكلات أو المعوقات سواء المتعلقة بالجوانب الإنتاجية أو التسويقية والتى تواجه مزارعى نخيل البلح فى محافظة الوادى الجديد. وقد تم تحديد وحصر أهم المشكلات الإنتاجية والتسويقية التى تواجه مزارعى هذا المحصول فى محافظة الوادى البجديد, ثم تناول الأسلوب التحليلى المستخدم فى تحليل البيانات الإحصائية, والطرق الإحصائية فى تحليل أراء المزارعين, والتى جمعت باستخدام استمارة الاستبيان والتى تضمنت أسئلة عن آراء المزارعين عن أهم المشكلات التى تواجههم, مع ترتيب المشكلة إن وجدت من وجهة نظرهه بالنسبة لبقية المشكلات, وبتحليل هذه التراتيب بالطرق الإحصائية غير القياتسية, كما تم استخدام أسلوب تحليل البيانات.

Recently, the demand for functional foods containing bioactive compounds with therapeutic and disease-preventing properties has increased. This work aimed to study the effect of soaking and malting processes on nutrient and bioactive compounds in selected Egyptian barley cultivars. Three barley varieties, namely, Giza128, Giza130, and Giza 2000, were investigated. Protein content in all raw and treated samples were ranged from 8.46 to 13.30g/100g on a dry weight basis. The crude fat and carbohydrate content were slightly decreased in all treated samples. Phenolic compounds content of raw barley seeds being, 336.2, 461.8, and 460.5 mg/100g in Giza128, Giza130, and Giza 2000, respectively, while flavonoids content recorded 35.3, 58.1, and 31.3 mg/100g, respectively. Antioxidant activity in untreated samples were 29.45, 37.08, and 28.58% for Giza 128, Giza 130, and Giza 2000, respectively. Soaking of barely seed samples for 12 h increased total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity by 7.6-20.3, 11.7- 19.3, and 10.5-21%, while the germination process for 48 h increased it by 37.3-69, 30.3- 62.6, and 36-65%, respectively. With germination time (48 h), the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity have been gradually increased and subsequently decreased with the further of malting was occurred. It can be concluded from results that their nutritional properties and therapeutic properties with potential using treated barley flour to produce functional foods have hardly improved by soaking and germinating.

Soil salinity is deleterious for the growth and biological N2 fixation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), but nitrogen fertilization has been beneficial in some cases. This study was conducted to investigate the potential benefit of N fertilization on alfalfa growth and N2 fixation under saline conditions. Solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) and hydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) were added to induce ECe (electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract) targeted at 0.5, 5, 10, and 15 dS m−1 in a sandy loam soil. 15N-labeled ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was added to the soil at 30, 60, and 120 mg N kg−1 soil. Alfalfa shoot and root dry weights, root nodule counts, shoot total nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and sodium (Na+), and the amount of N derived from air (%Ndfa) were determined. Shoot Na concentration increased, and plant biomass, shoot N and K concentration, root nodules, and nitrogen Ndfa decreased as soil salinity increased. At all salinity levels, the highest plant biomass, shoot total N content, and K/Na ratio were recorded at 120 mg N kg−1 soil. Root nodulation and %Ndfa were highest at 60 mg N kg−1 soil under nonsaline conditions while under saline conditions, the highest nodulation and %Ndfa were recorded at 30 mg N kg−1 soil. Plant biomass, nodule number, and %Ndfa were greater in the third cut than in the first cut. Addition of nitrogen fertilizers seemed to have a positive effect in alleviating salt stress in alfalfa and maintaining shoot biomass production, but N fertilization may limit the plant’s ability to fix atmospheric N.

Forty F1 grain sorghum crosses, their parents (eight CMS A-lines and five male R-lines) and one commercial hybrid (H-306) as check were evaluated for grain yield/plant and some other traits in 2011 and 2012 seasons at Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station, Sohag, Egypt under three irrigation levels (100, 70% and 40% from optimum water irrigation level). The combined analysis across the three levels of irrigation at each of the two years showed highly significant mean squares due to irrigation levels, and genotypes and their interaction for all studied traits, indicating genetic variability for all studied traits. In addition, highly significant mean squares were found due to interaction of genotype × irrigation, indicating differential response for different genotypes under different levels of irrigation for all studied traits except for days of 50% flowering. Also, high significant differences among genotypes, crosses, parents were found, for all studied traits in the two seasons. These results reflect the important roles of both additive and non-additive in the inheritance of number of days to 50% flowering, plant height, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/plant. Female lines (ASH-6, ASH-11, ICSA-37 and ICSA-88003) and the male lines (ICSR-92003 and ICSV-273) had positive and highly significant general combining ability effects for grain yield under the three irrigation levels over the two seasons. These lines had favorable genes and would be considered good combiners for high yielding ability. The crosses (ASH-8 × ICSR-89028) and (ICSA-37 × ICSR-92003) had positive and highly significant SCA effects under the three of irrigation treatments over the two seasons and would be considered the best combinations for grain yield