ABSTRACT Twenty-six genotypes of sunflower (16 F1-hybrids, four female lines, four restorer lines and two check varieties; Sakha 53 and Giza 102) were evaluated under two contrasting environments, i.e., loamy sand soil at A.R.C., Arab El-Awamer Res. Stn., and clay soil at Assiut Univ. Exper. Farm in season 2016. Genotypes mean squares of the studied traits was significant (P0.01) either in the separate or in the combined analysis. The differences between the two environments were significant for all traits except head diameter (HD). The genotype x environment interaction was significant for all traits, indicating differential responses of genotypes to the two environments. The sixteen hybrids showed negative significant heterosis (P0.01) for 50% flowering from the earlier check Giza 102 (standard heterosis; SH %), which ranged from -8.39 to -18.44% under loamy sand soil, and from -2.80 to -12.92% under clay soil. The heterotic effects were higher under loamy sand than under clay soil. The combined data showed that 4, 5 and 12 hybrids were significantly earlier than the mid-parent, better parent and the earlier check; respectively. The combined data over the two environments of plant height indicated that 15 hybrids showed negative significant standard heterosis ranged from -8.42 to -25.16%. This gives a good opportunity to select short sunflower hybrids. All the hybrids showed negative SH% for head diameter, and none of them exceeded the check variety in 100-SW. Otherwise, all the hybrids showed negative significant (P0.01) heterosis in husk% from the better check Sakha 53 either at the two environments or at the combined data. Over environments the SH% in oil% was positive and significant (p≤ 0.01) for four hybrids (ranged from 4.47 to 9.83%), for three hybrids in kernel weight and for one hybrid in number of seeds/head. Mid-parent heterosis in seed yield/head was positive and significant (P0.01) for 14 and 13 hybrids under loamy sand and clay soil; respectively, eight and three hybrids showed positive and significant BPH heterosis in seed yield/head under the respective environments. The positive and significant (P0.01) BPH in seed yield/head ranged from 16.54 to 685.33% under loamy sand soil, and from 13.42 to 70.38% under clay soil. Otherwise, only one hybrid No. 1 (A7 x Rf1) gave positive significant (P0.01) heterosis from the check hybrids Sakha 53 under clay soil and combined data. Mid-parent heterosis in oil yield/head was positive and significant (P0.01) for 14 hybrids under both environments and ranged from 3.35 to 823.12% under loamy sand, and from 3.01 to 151.88% under clay soil. Eight and three hybrids gave positive significant (P0.01) BPH under loamy sand and clay soil; respectively. The BPH in oil yield/head ranged from 9.48 to 708.95% and from 3.91 to 66.06% under the two respective environments. Standard heterosis in oil yield/head from the better check cultivar was positive and significant for five hybrids under loamy sand, one hybrid under clay soil and two hybrids in the combined data. Key words: Heterosis, Helianthus annuus L., Standard heterosis

Abstract Twenty-six genotypes of sunflower (16 F1-hybrids, four female lines, four restorer lines and two check varieties; Sakha 53 and Giza 102) were evaluated under two contrasting environments, i.e., loamy sand soil at A.R.C., Arab El-Awamer Res. Stn., and clay soil at Assiut Univ. Exper. Farm in season 2016. Genotypes mean squares of 13 studied traits was significant (P0.01) either in the separate or in the combined analysis. The differences between the two environments were significant for all traits except head diameter (HD). The genotype x environment interaction was significant for all traits, indicating differential responses of genotypes to the two environments. The F1-hybrids, females and males were earlier than the two checks in days to 50% flowering. The fertile clay soil delayed days to 50% flowering than loamy sand soil. The phenotypic (PCV%) and genotypic (GCV%) coefficients of variability were low, and heritability in broad sense was intermediate (43.17%) for days to 50% flowering. The combined analysis of plant height showed high PCV (13.58%), GCV (11.81%) and heritability (75.58%). The GCV of head diameter was high and reached 15.95, 14.41 and 11.84% at loamy sand, clay soil and combined analysis; respectively. Stalk diameter was larger at clay than at loamy sand soil, and heritability estimates were 74.19, 77.05 and 66.67% at loamy sand, clay soil and combined analysis; respectively. Four of the F1-hybrids was heavier in 100-seed weight than the checks. The GCV and heritability estimates were high for 100-seed weight. Husk % and husk; g of 100 seeds tended to be higher at loamy sand than at clay soil. The combined means of oil % showed that five hybrids significantly exceeded the better check Giza 102. Oil % was higher at loamy sand than at clay soil. Heritability estimates of oil % were high at both locations (97.86 and 86.25%) and very low (5.69%) from the combined analysis, because of the large mean squares of GxE interaction. Kernel weight in 100 seeds was higher at loamy sand than at clay soil. The GCV and heritability estimates were high for kernel weight. Number of seeds/head was higher at clay soil than at loamy sand. Three F1-hybrids significantly exceeded Sakha53in kernel weight from the combined data. The GCV and heritability estimates were high for NS/H. Seed yield/head and oil yield/head were higher at loamy sand than at clay soil, and four F1-hybrids were significantly better than the check. High estimates of GCV and heritability were high for NS/H. The GCV estimates in seed yield were 43.48, 39.33 and 33.57%, and heritability were 98.85, 96.67 and 75.22% at loamy sand, clay soil and combined analysis; respectively. The resulted indicated that the genetic materials should be evaluated under diverse environments to get reliable estimates of genetic parameters.

ABSTRACT Twenty-six genotypes of sunflower (16 F1-hybrids, four female lines, four restorer lines and two check varieties; Sakha 53 and Giza 102) were evaluated under two contrasting environments, i.e., loamy sand and clay soils in season 2016. Genotypes mean squares of the studied traits was significant (P0.01) either in the separate or in the combined analysis. The differences between the two environments were significant for all traits except head diameter (HD). The genotype x environment interaction was significant for all traits. Furthermore, most of the variability was for environment, except for husk %. Mean squares of the combined analysis of female and testers lines was significant (P0.01) for all traits. These results indicate the presence of additive variance. Mean squares of parents vs. crosses and lines x testers were significant for all traits, indicating the presence of non-additive in the inheritance of these traits. The combined analysis indicated that mean squares of lines x environment was significant for all traits, except for HD. Mean squares of testers x environment was significant except for days to 50% flowering and HD. The interaction mean squares of LxTxE were significant for all traits, indicating the interaction of non-additive gene effects with environment. The results of the combined analysis indicated that the ratio 2A/2D was less than unity for all traits, and the role of dominance was more important than that of additive effects. The results of GCA indicated that none of the female or male lines was the best combiner for all traits. Thirteen out of the 16 hybrids were significantly (P0.01to P0.05) earlier than the earliest check cultivar Giza 102. The performance of the F1-hybrids in days to 50% flowering were mostly related to the GCA of the parents rather than the SCA of the hybrids. The combined analysis of plant height showed that eight hybrids gave negative SCA effects. All the F1-hybrids were significantly (P0.01) shorter than the two check cultivars. Based on the combined analysis; eight hybrids had positive SCA for head diameter; but none exceeded the check variety in head diameter. Based on the combined analysis 8 hybrids showed negative SCA for husk%, the performance of all hybrids was significantly (P0.01) lower in husk % than the better check Sakha 53. The combined analysis of oil % indicated that five hybrids showed significant positive SCA, four of them exceeded significantly (P0.01 to P0.01) the better check cultivar Giza 102. The combined SCA effects of seed yield/head (SY/P) were positive and significant for three hybrids (A7 x RF1, A15 x RF3 and A21 x RF5). The performance of the first hybrid (46.45 g/head) was significantly (P0.01) better than the better check Giza 102 (41.21 g/head). The hybrids performance was not in accordance with sign and significance of SCA of SY/P. Furthermore, the GCA of the parents was far from yielding ability. The combined SCA of five hybrids for oil yield/head were positive and significant (P0.01). The performance of the first hybrid (A7 x Rf1) (18.18 g) exceeded significantly (P0.01) the better check Giza 102 in oil yield/head (15.43 g). It could be concluded that the performance of the hybrids was not in accordance with the sign and significance of the SCA effects. This could be due to that the ratio of 2A/2D was less than unity and the dominance effects were more important than additive in the inheritance of all traits, and evaluation of hybrids should be at a variety of environments.

The present investigation was carried out at Fac. Agric. Exper. Farm (clay soil), and Arab Al-Awamer Res. Stn. ARC. (loamy sand soil), to study phenotypic and genotypic correlations among traits of 24 genotypes of sunflower (4 females, 4 males and 16 hybrids). Path-coefficient analysis was done for the four components of seed yield/head (number of seeds/head, husk weight of 100 seeds, oil weight of 100 seeds and kernel weight of 100 seeds) with the dependent character; seed yield/head. The analysis of variance indicated significant (P0.01) mean squares of environments, genotypes and genotype x environment interaction for all traits. Days to 50% flowering showed low correlations with both of seed yield/head and oil yield/head at genotypic and phenotypic levels from the combined data. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations were high in magnitude between plant height, head diameter, stalk diameter, 100 seed weight, husk weight in 100 seeds, oil weight in 100 seeds, kernel weight in 100 seeds and number of seeds/head, and each of seed yield/head and oil yield/head at both sites and the combined. However, the correlations of husk % with oil and seed yield/head were negative in clay soil and the combined. The other correlations among traits at both sites and combined were discussed. The direct and indirect effects of the contributing traits of seed yield/head varied greatly from loamy sandy soil to clay soil. The breeder should evaluate the breeding materials under a variety of environments, to get reliable estimates of genetic parameters. The combined estimates of direct and indirect effects of the seed yield/head component traits at genotypic level could be ranked as husk weight followed by number of seeds/head, kernel weight and oil weight in 100 seeds. Key words: Phenotypic and genotypic correlations, Helianthus unnuss L.,Path-analysis

The present investigation was carried out at Fac. Agric. Exper. Farm (clay soil), and Arab Al-Awamer Res. Stn. ARC. (loamy sand soil), to study phenotypic and genotypic correlations among traits of 24 genotypes of sunflower (4 females, 4 males and 16 hybrids). Path-coefficient analysis was done for the four components of seed yield/head (number of seeds/head, husk weight of 100 seeds, oil weight of 100 seeds and kernel weight of 100 seeds) with the dependent character; seed yield/head. The analysis of variance indicated significant (P0.01) mean squares of environments, genotypes and genotype x environment interaction for all traits. Days to 50% flowering showed low correlations with both of seed yield/head and oil yield/head at genotypic and phenotypic levels from the combined data. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations were high in magnitude between plant height, head diameter, stalk diameter, 100 seed weight, husk weight in 100 seeds, oil weight in 100 seeds, kernel weight in 100 seeds and number of seeds/head, and each of seed yield/head and oil yield/head at both sites and the combined. However, the correlations of husk % with oil and seed yield/head were negative in clay soil and the combined. The other correlations among traits at both sites and combined were discussed. The direct and indirect effects of the contributing traits of seed yield/head varied greatly from loamy sandy soil to clay soil. The breeder should evaluate the breeding materials under a variety of environments, to get reliable estimates of genetic parameters. The combined estimates of direct and indirect effects of the seed yield/head component traits at genotypic level could be ranked as husk weight followed by number of seeds/head, kernel weight and oil weight in 100 seeds. Key words: Phenotypic and genotypic correlations, Helianthus unnuss L.,Path-analysis

A study was carried out on the resistance of four cereal crops (barley, wheat, sorghum and maize) to cereal aphid species at Assiut, Egypt. The results obtained show that there were significant differences among the cultivars tested. Among the five barley cultivars; Giza 132 was highly susceptible while the remaining cultivars were moderately resistant. Among the five wheat varieties; Gemiza 11 and Giza 168 were highly susceptible, followed by cultivars Sids 12 and Shandauel 1. Sids 1 showed moderate resistance. Among the five sorghum cultivars; Dorado was highly susceptible and Sphinx was susceptible. The aphid population declined significantly on Giza 15 and Hourse that were relatively (slightly or low) resistant (RR). The lowest aphid number recorded on the local (Baldi) variety showed moderate resistance. Among the five maize cultivars; the local (Baldi) cultivar was highly susceptible, followed by Unico 6, Triple 310 and Unico 131 that showed relatively resistance. The remaining cultivar, Unico 81, was infested with a low number of aphids and showed moderate resistance. The influence of aphid infestation on grain yield losses of wheat and barley cultivars were also evaluated.

A study was carried out on the resistance of four cereal crops (barley, wheat, sorghum and maize) to cereal aphid species at Assiut, Egypt. The results obtained show that there were significant differences among the cultivars tested. Among the five barley cultivars; Giza 132 was highly susceptible while the remaining cultivars were moderately resistant. Among the five wheat varieties; Gemiza 11 and Giza 168 were highly susceptible, followed by cultivars Sids 12 and Shandauel 1. Sids 1 showed moderate resistance. Among the five sorghum cultivars; Dorado was highly susceptible and Sphinx was susceptible. The aphid population declined significantly on Giza 15 and Hourse that were relatively (slightly or low) resistant (RR). The lowest aphid number recorded on the local (Baldi) variety showed moderate resistance. Among the five maize cultivars; the local (Baldi) cultivar was highly susceptible, followed by Unico 6, Triple 310 and Unico 131 that showed relatively resistance. The remaining cultivar, Unico 81, was infested with a low number of aphids and showed moderate resistance. The influence of aphid infestation on grain yield losses of wheat and barley cultivars were also evaluated.

يعتبر التوطين احد العمليات الاجتماعيه التي تلجأ لها بعض الدول لتحقيق بعض الاهداف الاجتماعيه والاقتصاديه والعسكريه او خليط من بعض هذه الاهداف ويتوقف ذلك علي مدي التخطيط الجيد للجانبين الفني والاجتماعي لهذه المجتمعات وغالبا ما يخظي الجانب الفني بكل الاهميه مما يسبب لهذه المشروعات الفشل في تحقيق اهدافها. (سلطان1:1989) وتمثل عملية التوطين جزء هام واضح المعالم من البرامج الانشائية علي مستوي الدولة وتعتبر مشروعات التوطين احدي الوسائل الهامة في زيادة الرقعة الزراعية باستصلاح الاراضي واستزراعها حيث يتم استصلاح وإضافة مساحات كبيرة من الاراضي الجديدة واضافتها الي أراضي الوادي القديم وكذلك يتم توطين عدد من السكان مما يساعد علي خفض المشاكل الإجتماعية والإقتصادية عن طريق رفع المستوي الإقتصادي والإجتماعي وتعمل علي توفير فرص عمل جديدة وخفض معدل البطالة. (عسران,2:2004) لذلك كان من أهداف البحث التعرف علي أهم المشاكل والمعوقات التي تعرقل عملية التوطين في منطقة الدراسة, كذلك التعرف علي الحلول المقترحة لمشاكل التوطين والتي تمثل بدورها الوضع المرغوب فيه من وجهة نظر المستوطنين ووجهات النظر الاخري في منطقة الدراسة وذلك من خلال معرفة درجة رضا المستوطنين عن الخدممات المتاحة في منطقة الدراسة. ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف تم إختيار قري التوطين حول بحيرة ناصر وهي كلابشة الجديدة, وبشاير الخير, وتوماس وعافية, وتم جمع البيانات من المبحوثين عن طريق استمارة الإستبيان ومن خلال ما أسفرت عنه نتائج الدراسة تم التعرف علي المشكلات التي واجه عملية التوطين في القري الجديدة وهي كالآتي: 1- بعد القري عن المناطق الخدمية سواء المحافظة او المركز. 2- نقص خدمات البنية الأساسية كمياه الشرب والكهرباء. 3- الطرق غير ممهدة ووسائل المواصلات لا تتوفر بصورة دائمة. 4- نقص الخدمات الأمنية حيث لا تتوفر نقطة شرطة في هذه القري. 5- نقص الخدمات الصحية حيث لا يوجد طبيب في الوحدة الصحية ولاتوجد أدوية . 6- نقص الخدمات التعليمية حيث لا يتوفر مدرسين بعدد كافي للعملية التعليمية. كذلك تم التعرف علي الحلول المقترحة من وجهة نظر المبحوثين في القري الجديدة بحيث تمثل الوضع المرغوب فيه من أجل نجاح عملية التوطين وهي كالاتي: 1- عند التخطيط لعملية التوطين وإنشاء قري جديدة مراعاة القرب من المناطق الخدمية. 2- العمل علي اكتمال خدمات البنية الأساسية. 3- تمهيد الطرق وتوفير وسائل المواصلات. 4- توفير الخدمات الأمنية والحماية. 5- توفير الخدمات الصحية من حيث الطبيب والأدوية العلاجية. 6- توفير الخدمات التعليمية وتوفير عدد كافي من المعلمين للعملية التعليمية

يعتبر التوطين احد العمليات الاجتماعيه التي تلجأ لها بعض الدول لتحقيق بعض الاهداف الاجتماعيه والاقتصاديه والعسكريه او خليط من بعض هذه الاهداف ويتوقف ذلك علي مدي التخطيط الجيد للجانبين الفني والاجتماعي لهذه المجتمعات وغالبا ما يخظي الجانب الفني بكل الاهميه مما يسبب لهذه المشروعات الفشل في تحقيق اهدافها. (سلطان1:1989) وتمثل عملية التوطين جزء هام واضح المعالم من البرامج الانشائية علي مستوي الدولة وتعتبر مشروعات التوطين احدي الوسائل الهامة في زيادة الرقعة الزراعية باستصلاح الاراضي واستزراعها حيث يتم استصلاح وإضافة مساحات كبيرة من الاراضي الجديدة واضافتها الي أراضي الوادي القديم وكذلك يتم توطين عدد من السكان مما يساعد علي خفض المشاكل الإجتماعية والإقتصادية عن طريق رفع المستوي الإقتصادي والإجتماعي وتعمل علي توفير فرص عمل جديدة وخفض معدل البطالة. (عسران,2:2004) لذلك كان من أهداف البحث التعرف علي أهم المشاكل والمعوقات التي تعرقل عملية التوطين في منطقة الدراسة, كذلك التعرف علي الحلول المقترحة لمشاكل التوطين والتي تمثل بدورها الوضع المرغوب فيه من وجهة نظر المستوطنين ووجهات النظر الاخري في منطقة الدراسة وذلك من خلال معرفة درجة رضا المستوطنين عن الخدممات المتاحة في منطقة الدراسة. ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف تم إختيار قري التوطين حول بحيرة ناصر وهي كلابشة الجديدة, وبشاير الخير, وتوماس وعافية, وتم جمع البيانات من المبحوثين عن طريق استمارة الإستبيان ومن خلال ما أسفرت عنه نتائج الدراسة تم التعرف علي المشكلات التي واجه عملية التوطين في القري الجديدة وهي كالآتي: 1- بعد القري عن المناطق الخدمية سواء المحافظة او المركز. 2- نقص خدمات البنية الأساسية كمياه الشرب والكهرباء. 3- الطرق غير ممهدة ووسائل المواصلات لا تتوفر بصورة دائمة. 4- نقص الخدمات الأمنية حيث لا تتوفر نقطة شرطة في هذه القري. 5- نقص الخدمات الصحية حيث لا يوجد طبيب في الوحدة الصحية ولاتوجد أدوية . 6- نقص الخدمات التعليمية حيث لا يتوفر مدرسين بعدد كافي للعملية التعليمية. كذلك تم التعرف علي الحلول المقترحة من وجهة نظر المبحوثين في القري الجديدة بحيث تمثل الوضع المرغوب فيه من أجل نجاح عملية التوطين وهي كالاتي: 1- عند التخطيط لعملية التوطين وإنشاء قري جديدة مراعاة القرب من المناطق الخدمية. 2- العمل علي اكتمال خدمات البنية الأساسية. 3- تمهيد الطرق وتوفير وسائل المواصلات. 4- توفير الخدمات الأمنية والحماية. 5- توفير الخدمات الصحية من حيث الطبيب والأدوية العلاجية. 6- توفير الخدمات التعليمية وتوفير عدد كافي من المعلمين للعملية التعليمية

يعتبر التوطين احد العمليات الاجتماعيه التي تلجأ لها بعض الدول لتحقيق بعض الاهداف الاجتماعيه والاقتصاديه والعسكريه او خليط من بعض هذه الاهداف ويتوقف ذلك علي مدي التخطيط الجيد للجانبين الفني والاجتماعي لهذه المجتمعات وغالبا ما يخظي الجانب الفني بكل الاهميه مما يسبب لهذه المشروعات الفشل في تحقيق اهدافها. (سلطان1:1989) وتمثل عملية التوطين جزء هام واضح المعالم من البرامج الانشائية علي مستوي الدولة وتعتبر مشروعات التوطين احدي الوسائل الهامة في زيادة الرقعة الزراعية باستصلاح الاراضي واستزراعها حيث يتم استصلاح وإضافة مساحات كبيرة من الاراضي الجديدة واضافتها الي أراضي الوادي القديم وكذلك يتم توطين عدد من السكان مما يساعد علي خفض المشاكل الإجتماعية والإقتصادية عن طريق رفع المستوي الإقتصادي والإجتماعي وتعمل علي توفير فرص عمل جديدة وخفض معدل البطالة. (عسران,2:2004) لذلك كان من أهداف البحث التعرف علي أهم المشاكل والمعوقات التي تعرقل عملية التوطين في منطقة الدراسة, كذلك التعرف علي الحلول المقترحة لمشاكل التوطين والتي تمثل بدورها الوضع المرغوب فيه من وجهة نظر المستوطنين ووجهات النظر الاخري في منطقة الدراسة وذلك من خلال معرفة درجة رضا المستوطنين عن الخدممات المتاحة في منطقة الدراسة. ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف تم إختيار قري التوطين حول بحيرة ناصر وهي كلابشة الجديدة, وبشاير الخير, وتوماس وعافية, وتم جمع البيانات من المبحوثين عن طريق استمارة الإستبيان ومن خلال ما أسفرت عنه نتائج الدراسة تم التعرف علي المشكلات التي واجه عملية التوطين في القري الجديدة وهي كالآتي: 1- بعد القري عن المناطق الخدمية سواء المحافظة او المركز. 2- نقص خدمات البنية الأساسية كمياه الشرب والكهرباء. 3- الطرق غير ممهدة ووسائل المواصلات لا تتوفر بصورة دائمة. 4- نقص الخدمات الأمنية حيث لا تتوفر نقطة شرطة في هذه القري. 5- نقص الخدمات الصحية حيث لا يوجد طبيب في الوحدة الصحية ولاتوجد أدوية . 6- نقص الخدمات التعليمية حيث لا يتوفر مدرسين بعدد كافي للعملية التعليمية. كذلك تم التعرف علي الحلول المقترحة من وجهة نظر المبحوثين في القري الجديدة بحيث تمثل الوضع المرغوب فيه من أجل نجاح عملية التوطين وهي كالاتي: 1- عند التخطيط لعملية التوطين وإنشاء قري جديدة مراعاة القرب من المناطق الخدمية. 2- العمل علي اكتمال خدمات البنية الأساسية. 3- تمهيد الطرق وتوفير وسائل المواصلات. 4- توفير الخدمات الأمنية والحماية. 5- توفير الخدمات الصحية من حيث الطبيب والأدوية العلاجية. 6- توفير الخدمات التعليمية وتوفير عدد كافي من المعلمين للعملية التعليمية