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Abstract Two field experiments were conducted at El-Dakhla Oasis, New Valley Governorate, Egypt, during the two winter growing seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 to investigate the effect of three date palm compost rates (0, 5 and 10 m3 fed.-1) and three nitrogen fertilizer rates (50, 70 and 90 kg N fed.-1) on the yield and yield components of bread wheat in the New Valley. The most important findings could be summarized as follow: - Generally, yield and its attributes of wheat increased by adding compost. Application of 5 m3 fed.-1 compost treatment gave the tallest plants and the maximum straw and grain yields fed.-1, while application of 10 m3 fed.-1 compost treatment gave the highest values of spike length, spikelets number spike-1 and 1000-grains weight in both seasons, as well as application 10 m3 fed.-1 and 5 m3 fed.-1 compost treatments gave the maximum spikes number/m2 in the 1st and the 2nd seasons, respectively. - Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate up to 70 kg fed.-1 increased yield and its components of wheat in both growing seasons. The maximum values of plant height, spikes number/m2 and straw and grain yields fed.-1 were obtained by using 70 kg N fed.-1, while the tallest spike and the heaviest 1000-grains were obtained by using 90 kg N fed.-1 in both seasons. - The tallest plants and the maximum values of spikes number m-2 and straw yield fed.-1 were recorded by applying 5 m3 fed.-1 compost with 70 kg N fed.-1 rate interaction treatment, while the maximum grain yield was recorded by applying 10 m3 fed.-1 compost with 70 kg N fed.-1 rate interaction treatment in both seasons. On the other hand, the highest values of spike length and spikelets number spike-1 were recorded by applying 10 m3 fed.-1 compost with 90 kg N fed.-1 rate in both seasons, while the heaviest 1000-grains weight were recorded by applying 10 m3 fed.-1 or 5 m2 fed.-1 compost with 90 kg N fed.-1 rate interaction treatments in both seasons.

Genetic linkage maps are deployed to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) of traits of interest and speed up breeding programs. In this study, we used two Vicia faba L. backcross families (BCFams). Genetic linkage maps were constructed with 193 and 288 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers using 131 and 132 individuals for BCFam1 and BCFam2, respectively. The BCFam1 linkage map consisted of 18 linkage groups (LGs) encompassing 1134.7 cM, with a mean inter-marker distance of 11.94 cM. The BCFam.2 linkage map consisted of 19 LGs encompassing 1235 cM with a mean inter-marker distance of 9.29 cM. A set of 13 AFLP markers was homologous among maps of BCFam1 and BCFam2 as well as faba bean consensus map. These linkage maps will be beneficial for genetic analyses and diversity studies as well as for comparative mapping of faba bean and related species.

Reports show that salinity is a major problem that negatively affects agricultural activities all over the world. Although the importance of jojoba as a new industrial crop is known, but information concerning the relation between salt stress and physiological parameters such as antioxidant enzyme activity as well as membrane damage in jojoba has not been reported yet. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different salinity concentrations i.e. 0, 4, 6, 8. 10 and 12 dSm-1 NaCl on plant growth, leaf measurements, antioxidant enzyme activity and some biochemical and mineral accumulation of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) plant grown in saline-alkaline soil. Salinity treatments significantly decreased plant height, number of both branches and leaves compared to the control. Salinity stress significantly reduced leaf area, stomatal density, relative water content (RWC), leaf chlorophyll content, N+, PO4-3, K+, Ca+2 and Mg+2, compared to control. Meanwhile, sodium, chloride and total soluble sugars were significantly increased with increasing salinity concentration and the homeostasis of minerals was disturbed. The Na+:K+ ratio was increased with increasing salinity level. Membrane permeability, proline accumulation and antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, CAT and POD) were increased in salt stressed plants. The increment of both antioxidant enzyme activities and proline accumulation may suggest that they are involving as a part of the defense against salt stress in jojoba plant.

Volatile aldehydes (VAs) formed during soybean oil (SBO) heating, wheat dough (WD) frying, and chicken breast meat (CBM) frying processes were comparatively investigated by solid-phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). The results showed that relative amounts (RAs) of the most detected VAs were firstly increased to maximum values in oil samples collected at the second hour of the seventh day and the values were then decreased with the increase in the time of oil heating process (control). However, for food frying processes, the time needed for reaching maximum RAs of VAs was shorter and the values were decreased with the increase in frying time. Significant change in contents of the VAs was observed for oil samples fried with CBM due to the high contents of water, protein, and lipid content compared to oil samples fried with WD. Based on the obtained results, free radical reaction, particularly positional isomerization and cis-trans isomerization, was deduced to occur when WD or CBM was fried in SBO. The relatively high RAs of VAs formed during the deep-fat frying process presented certain invaluable measures for evaluating of frying oil and fried food quality and safety.

تأثير المعاملة بالجبرلين وطول الفترة الضوئيه علي نمو نبات الفراوله

تأثير المعاملة بالجبرلين وطول الفترة الضوئيه علي نمو نبات الفراوله

تأثير المعاملة بالجبرلين وطول الفترة الضوئيه علي نمو نبات الفراوله

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