Morphological alterations in red blood cells were described as hematological bioindicators of UVA exposure to investigate the sensitivity to UVA in wild type Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and a p53 deficient mutant. The fewer abnormal red blood cells were observed in the p53 mutant fish under the control conditions. After exposure to different doses of UVA radiation (15 min, 30 min and 60 min/day for 3 days), cellular and nuclear alterations in red blood cells were analyzed in the UVA exposed fish compared with non-exposed controls and those alterations included acanthocytes, cell membrane lysis, swollen cells, teardrop-like cell, hemolyzed cells and sickle cells. Those alterations were increased after the UVA exposure both in wild type and the p53 deficient fish. Moreover, apoptosis analyzed by acridine orange assay showed increased number of apoptosis in red blood cells at the higher UVA exposure dose. No micronuclei but nuclear abnormalities as eccentric nucleus, nuclear budding, deformed nucleus, and bilobed nucleuswere observed in each group. These results suggested that UVA exposure induced both p53 dependent and independent apoptosis and morphological alterations in red blood cells but less sensitive to UVA thanWild type in medaka fish.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) towards African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Adult male catfish was exposed to 0, 25, 50, and 75 mgl–1 Ag-NPs for two weeks. Exposure to Ag-NPs exerted an increase in mortality rate and behavioural changes compared to control. A fluorescent microscopy examination was used to assess the cytotoxic effect. There was a 15-fold greater extent of apoptosis in erythrocytes of exposed fish to 75 mgl–1 compared to control fish. No significant differences in the extent of apoptosis were detected in 25 mgl–1 and 50 mgl–1 exposed fish. Also, the genotoxic effect of the tested compound was evaluated via micronucleus and DNA fragmentation assays. The micronucleated erythrocytes were observed as well as, DNA damage was recorded in the liver, kidney, gill, and muscles in all exposed groups and percentage elevated with the increase of Ag-NPs concentration. Overall, our results indicate that, Ag-NPs exhibited the both genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in African catfish.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) towards African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Adult male catfish was exposed to 0, 25, 50, and 75 mgl–1 Ag-NPs for two weeks. Exposure to Ag-NPs exerted an increase in mortality rate and behavioural changes compared to control. A fluorescent microscopy examination was used to assess the cytotoxic effect. There was a 15-fold greater extent of apoptosis in erythrocytes of exposed fish to 75 mgl–1 compared to control fish. No significant differences in the extent of apoptosis were detected in 25 mgl–1 and 50 mgl–1 exposed fish. Also, the genotoxic effect of the tested compound was evaluated via micronucleus and DNA fragmentation assays. The micronucleated erythrocytes were observed as well as, DNA damage was recorded in the liver, kidney, gill, and muscles in all exposed groups and percentage elevated with the increase of Ag-NPs concentration. Overall, our results indicate that, Ag-NPs exhibited the both genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in African catfish.

The endocrine disrupting substances represent major challenge to aquaculture and the most widespread one is 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). Pyrazole possess an interesting broad spectrum of pharmacological actions. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of five novel thieno [2,3-c] pyrazole compounds in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) on the hematotoxic and electrolyte disruptor influences of 4-NP. The hemato-electrolyte disturbance induced by 4-NP was well proved by many examined endpoints. On the other hand, thienopyrazole compounds exhibited the ability to modulate the previous toxicological impact by different levels based on the modification in structures and properties. This study provided insight into the endless therapeutic treasures of newly synthesized complexes, and a driving force for its application on the other clinically relevant problems in fish.

The endocrine disrupting substances represent major challenge to aquaculture and the most widespread one is 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). Pyrazole possess an interesting broad spectrum of pharmacological actions. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of five novel thieno [2,3-c] pyrazole compounds in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) on the hematotoxic and electrolyte disruptor influences of 4-NP. The hemato-electrolyte disturbance induced by 4-NP was well proved by many examined endpoints. On the other hand, thienopyrazole compounds exhibited the ability to modulate the previous toxicological impact by different levels based on the modification in structures and properties. This study provided insight into the endless therapeutic treasures of newly synthesized complexes, and a driving force for its application on the other clinically relevant problems in fish.

The endocrine disrupting substances represent major challenge to aquaculture and the most widespread one is 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). Pyrazole possess an interesting broad spectrum of pharmacological actions. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of five novel thieno [2,3-c] pyrazole compounds in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) on the hematotoxic and electrolyte disruptor influences of 4-NP. The hemato-electrolyte disturbance induced by 4-NP was well proved by many examined endpoints. On the other hand, thienopyrazole compounds exhibited the ability to modulate the previous toxicological impact by different levels based on the modification in structures and properties. This study provided insight into the endless therapeutic treasures of newly synthesized complexes, and a driving force for its application on the other clinically relevant problems in fish.

In this survey, fishes were obtained from four localities: Assiut as a control and Beheira, Alexandria and Kafr EL-Sheikh; three farms from each governate as farmed monosex produced using Methyltestosterone (MT). Serum MT, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total peroxides (TPX) were estimated, followed by calculation of oxidative stress index (OSI). MT concentration in the serum of fishes farmed at Assiut showed no detectable levels of hormonal residues, while the monosex farms showed high levels of MT concentration in the serum of the sampled fishes. In comparison with control fishes of Assiut farms, serum TAC levels of monosex fishes collected from farms of Beheira and Alexandria were significantly lower. Serum TPX content of the monosex fishes obtained from Alexandria farms were significantly higher than the wild fishes obtained from Assiut farms. Calculated from ratio of serum TPX content and TAC concentration, OSI illustrated a significant difference between control fishes collected from Assiut and monosex fishes collected from Beheira. Although few significant changes were found in the examined oxidative stress endpoints, the results of this work put our foot in the beginning of road to link hormonally sex reversal practice with oxidative stress induction, and provocative for other researchers to invade this field of research more deeply utilizing more specific relevant markers and cutting-edge techniques.

In this survey, fishes were obtained from four localities: Assiut as a control and Beheira, Alexandria and Kafr EL-Sheikh; three farms from each governate as farmed monosex produced using Methyltestosterone (MT). Serum MT, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total peroxides (TPX) were estimated, followed by calculation of oxidative stress index (OSI). MT concentration in the serum of fishes farmed at Assiut showed no detectable levels of hormonal residues, while the monosex farms showed high levels of MT concentration in the serum of the sampled fishes. In comparison with control fishes of Assiut farms, serum TAC levels of monosex fishes collected from farms of Beheira and Alexandria were significantly lower. Serum TPX content of the monosex fishes obtained from Alexandria farms were significantly higher than the wild fishes obtained from Assiut farms. Calculated from ratio of serum TPX content and TAC concentration, OSI illustrated a significant difference between control fishes collected from Assiut and monosex fishes collected from Beheira. Although few significant changes were found in the examined oxidative stress endpoints, the results of this work put our foot in the beginning of road to link hormonally sex reversal practice with oxidative stress induction, and provocative for other researchers to invade this field of research more deeply utilizing more specific relevant markers and cutting-edge techniques.

The main aim of the present study was to obtain a basic knowledge of the hematology and biochemistry of the Red Sea seabream Diplodus noct. The samples were collected from the Red sea at Hurghada, Egypt. Baseline values for hematological parameters including Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell volume (MCV) and biochemical parameters including AST, ALT, glucose, total protein and urea were established. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes and three types of leucocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils, were distinguished, characterized and measured. The morphological and cytochemical aspects of peripheral blood cells of Diplodus noct were studied by light microscopy. This investigation may be helpful as a tool to monitor the health status of Diplodus noct and will grant early detection of clinical pathology.

The main aim of the present study was to obtain a basic knowledge of the hematology and biochemistry of the Red Sea seabream Diplodus noct. The samples were collected from the Red sea at Hurghada, Egypt. Baseline values for hematological parameters including Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell volume (MCV) and biochemical parameters including AST, ALT, glucose, total protein and urea were established. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes and three types of leucocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils, were distinguished, characterized and measured. The morphological and cytochemical aspects of peripheral blood cells of Diplodus noct were studied by light microscopy. This investigation may be helpful as a tool to monitor the health status of Diplodus noct and will grant early detection of clinical pathology.