For the operation of free electron lasers (FELs) like the Eu- ropean XFEL and FLASH located at DESY, Hamburg Site, high quality electron beams are required already from the source. The Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, Zeuthen Site (PITZ), was established to develop, characterize and optimize electron sources for such FELs. Last year the work at PITZ focused on the optimization of a photo injector op- erated very close to the startup parameters of the European XFEL. This implies photocathode laser pulses with a Gaus- sian temporal profile of about 11 − 12 ps FWHM to drive the photo gun operated at a gradient of about 53MV/m. Significant effort was spent on the electron beam character- ization and optimization for various bunch charges. Emit- tance measurements were performed as a function of major accelerator parameters such as main solenoid current, laser spot size on the cathode and the gun launching phase. The requirement on the beam emittance for a bunch charge of 500 pC for the European XFEL commissioning phase has been demonstrated. Results of these studies accompanied with the corresponding simulations are presented in this paper.

Integrated biostratigraphical and sedimentological studies on the Early Paleogene rocks (Thebes Formation) at four localities along the western shoulder of the Gulf of Suez, have provided an opportunity to evaluate the stratigraphy and the geological evolution of the sedimentary basins. The carbonate succession of the Thebes Formation represents a general regressive trend, which rests conformably to unconformably on the shales and marls of the Dakhla and Esna formations. The vertical facies change records a transition from deep- to mid-shelf to shoal, to lagoon, into a peritidal zone forming southwest gently-dipping slope to basin transect. Based on the study of the planktonic foraminiferal fossils; four zones have been defined according to the important planktonic foraminiferal taxa: Morozovella aragonensis/Morozovella subbotinae, Acarinina pentacamerata, Acarinina cuneicamerata of Ypresian age and Globigerinatheka kugleri/M. aragonensis of Early Lutetian age. The stratigraphy of the studied rocks is punctuated by three regional syn-depositional tectonic phases. The ages of these phases, have been determined chrono-stratigraphically as: Danian/Early Ypresian, Middle–Late Ypresian and Early Lutetian. Globally, these phases are three pronounced tectonic episodes in the tectonic history of the Syrian Arc Orogeny. The results suggest that the sedimentation regime was mainly controlled by external as well as internal parameters, which formulated the sedimentary basins.

Integrated biostratigraphical and sedimentological studies on the Early Paleogene rocks (Thebes Formation) at four localities along the western shoulder of the Gulf of Suez, have provided an opportunity to evaluate the stratigraphy and the geological evolution of the sedimentary basins. The carbonate succession of the Thebes Formation represents a general regressive trend, which rests conformably to unconformably on the shales and marls of the Dakhla and Esna formations. The vertical facies change records a transition from deep- to mid-shelf to shoal, to lagoon, into a peritidal zone forming southwest gently-dipping slope to basin transect. Based on the study of the planktonic foraminiferal fossils; four zones have been defined according to the important planktonic foraminiferal taxa: Morozovella aragonensis/Morozovella subbotinae, Acarinina pentacamerata, Acarinina cuneicamerata of Ypresian age and Globigerinatheka kugleri/M. aragonensis of Early Lutetian age. The stratigraphy of the studied rocks is punctuated by three regional syn-depositional tectonic phases. The ages of these phases, have been determined chrono-stratigraphically as: Danian/Early Ypresian, Middle–Late Ypresian and Early Lutetian. Globally, these phases are three pronounced tectonic episodes in the tectonic history of the Syrian Arc Orogeny. The results suggest that the sedimentation regime was mainly controlled by external as well as internal parameters, which formulated the sedimentary basins.

In the last years, a considerable amount of attention has been devoted to the development of the area of northwest of the Gulf of Suez. It is one of the most important areas, which takes considerable attention by the Egyptian government because it hosts one of the MEGA National projects in Egypt. The area presents a great potential for development programs including touristic resorts, industrial zones, a new port and finally the great new second Suez Canal which has been started the implementation in the last quarter of 2014. The water resources in this area play an increasing important role in providing a source of potable water for land reclamation and construction of new settlements. The proposed area forms a part of the great Eocene plateau of the northeastern Desert of Egypt. Two major limestone sections have been selected to evaluate the suitability of the Eocene limestone in Cement Industry. The first section represents the carbonate sequence of Gabal Sad El-Na'am exposed at Bir Gindali district. The second one is measured at Gabal Umm Rassiess. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of both sections in Cement Industry by creating specific geochemical analyses. By using these geochemical analyses with other parameters, it will be able to determine whether, Gabal Sad El-Na'am or Umm Rassiess is valid in Cement Industry.

In the last years, a considerable amount of attention has been devoted to the development of the area of northwest of the Gulf of Suez. It is one of the most important areas, which takes considerable attention by the Egyptian government because it hosts one of the MEGA National projects in Egypt. The area presents a great potential for development programs including touristic resorts, industrial zones, a new port and finally the great new second Suez Canal which has been started the implementation in the last quarter of 2014. The water resources in this area play an increasing important role in providing a source of potable water for land reclamation and construction of new settlements. The proposed area forms a part of the great Eocene plateau of the northeastern Desert of Egypt. Two major limestone sections have been selected to evaluate the suitability of the Eocene limestone in Cement Industry. The first section represents the carbonate sequence of Gabal Sad El-Na'am exposed at Bir Gindali district. The second one is measured at Gabal Umm Rassiess. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of both sections in Cement Industry by creating specific geochemical analyses. By using these geochemical analyses with other parameters, it will be able to determine whether, Gabal Sad El-Na'am or Umm Rassiess is valid in Cement Industry.

In the last years, a considerable amount of attention has been devoted to the development of the area of northwest of the Gulf of Suez. It is one of the most important areas, which takes considerable attention by the Egyptian government because it hosts one of the MEGA National projects in Egypt. The area presents a great potential for development programs including touristic resorts, industrial zones, a new port and finally the great new second Suez Canal which has been started the implementation in the last quarter of 2014. The water resources in this area play an increasing important role in providing a source of potable water for land reclamation and construction of new settlements. The proposed area forms a part of the great Eocene plateau of the northeastern Desert of Egypt. Two major limestone sections have been selected to evaluate the suitability of the Eocene limestone in Cement Industry. The first section represents the carbonate sequence of Gabal Sad El-Na'am exposed at Bir Gindali district. The second one is measured at Gabal Umm Rassiess. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of both sections in Cement Industry by creating specific geochemical analyses. By using these geochemical analyses with other parameters, it will be able to determine whether, Gabal Sad El-Na'am or Umm Rassiess is valid in Cement Industry.

The adhesive properties of Fe(110)/Fe(110) and Fe3C(001)/Fe(110) countersurfaces have been investigated by using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results show that Fe3C/Fe exhibits a relatively lower adhesion compared to the Fe/Fe. Additionally, the temperature dependence of the adhesive properties between 300–700 K has been examined. The results demonstrate that, with increasing the temperature, the values of the adhesion force and the work of adhesion continuously decrease in the case of Fe3C/Fe; they initially slightly increase up to 500 K then decrease in the case of Fe/Fe. Furthermore, the effect of lattice coherency between Fe/Fe has been examined and found to slightly reduce the adhesion. These results explain how carbides improve galling resistance of tool steel observed during dry sliding.

The present study was carried out to investigate the histological and histochemical changes in the retina on different developmental stages of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis. Our experiment started when tadpoles begin to feed. The adapted embryos are divided into 3 large tanks of 200 embryos each, collections of samples started from feeding age every three days. Both histological and histochemical results showed that the general architecture of the retina organ is correlated with the state of development. Therefore, it displayed different characteristic features depending on the investigated developmental stage starting from the larval stage (feeding began, stage 44) and ending with the postmetamorphic stage 66. Also, the present work aimed to study the chronic effects of UVA on the retina structure of B. regularis during development and metamorphosis for the first time

The present study was carried out to investigate the histological and histochemical changes in the retina on different developmental stages of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis. Our experiment started when tadpoles begin to feed. The adapted embryos are divided into 3 large tanks of 200 embryos each, collections of samples started from feeding age every three days. Both histological and histochemical results showed that the general architecture of the retina organ is correlated with the state of development. Therefore, it displayed different characteristic features depending on the investigated developmental stage starting from the larval stage (feeding began, stage 44) and ending with the postmetamorphic stage 66. Also, the present work aimed to study the chronic effects of UVA on the retina structure of B. regularis during development and metamorphosis for the first time

The present study was carried out to investigate the histological and histochemical changes in the retina on different developmental stages of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis. Our experiment started when tadpoles begin to feed. The adapted embryos are divided into 3 large tanks of 200 embryos each, collections of samples started from feeding age every three days. Both histological and histochemical results showed that the general architecture of the retina organ is correlated with the state of development. Therefore, it displayed different characteristic features depending on the investigated developmental stage starting from the larval stage (feeding began, stage 44) and ending with the postmetamorphic stage 66. Also, the present work aimed to study the chronic effects of UVA on the retina structure of B. regularis during development and metamorphosis for the first time