A major number of sulfur compounds including derivatives of thiourea is medicinally important agents and metal
complexes of thioureas are often more medicinally active. Monoisopropylamine and m-toluidine, as aliphatic and
aromatic amines, were used to prepare monodentate thiourea ligands [1-isopropyl-3-phenylthiourea (L1) and 1-
phenyl-3-m-tolylthiourea (L2), respectively] and single crystals of cobalt complexes incorporating these ligands
were also isolated. These tetrahedral complexes, [Co(L1)2Cl2] and [Co(L2)2Cl2], were demonstrated in different
lattice packings (orthorhombic and monoclinic, respectively). To characterize the antibacterial patterns (percent
growth inhibitions and percent viability inhibitions) of these compounds, the activities of dimethyl sulfoxide
solutions (50–200 μg/ml) of them against Gram negative bacterial strains (i.e., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudo-
monas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens) were determined. Chloramphenicol (CHL) was used as the commercial
standard. At 200 μg/ml, the complex Co-L1 inhibited these bacteria by 94.9, 92.2 and 69.8 % and Co-L2 inhibited
them by 86.0, 87.0 and 78.3 % (92.1, 86.6 and 72.3 % by CHL), respectively. Furthermore, [Co(L1)2Cl2] and [Co
(L2)2Cl2] offered bactericidal action with 100 % viability inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae, but the action
was bacteriostatic with 72.3–96.2 % and 84.4–96.9 % viability inhibitions against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Serratia marcescens, respectively.

Hydrogen gas has been regarded as one of the most promising energy sources. Hydrolysis of hydrides is one of the methods for
producing hydrogen that has been documented. However, efficient catalysts are necessary to increase the rate at which hydrogen
is generated. In the current investigation, Mn 2 O3 @C derived from metal–organic framework (MOF) was used, for the first time,
as an efficient catalyst for the green generation of H 2 —a clean and sustainable fuel—from the hydrolysis of NaBH4 . In addition,
the biological performances of this nanocatalyst towards six types of human pathogenic bacteria were also tested. Mn 2 O3 @C was
fabricated from the carbonization of manganese(II) benzene-dicarboxylate metal–organic frameworks (Mn-BDC). The fabricated
catalyst was characterized by XRD, XPS, FTIR, HRTEM, and nitrogen sorption analyses. XRD and XPS analyses confirmed the
successful formation of Mn 2 O3 @C at a calcination temperature of 400 °C. Results revealed that, at a reaction temperature of
28 °C, Mn 2 O3 @C offers values of hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 150, 352, 555, 885, and 1250 mL min−1 g−1 corresponding to
weight of NaBH4 of 0.19, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 g, respectively. Furthermore, the catalytic performance is significantly influenced by
the reaction temperature; where at 28, 35, 40, and 50 °C, respectively, HGR values of 885, 1150, 1667, and 2857 mL min−1 g−1 were
achieved. According to the pseudo-first-order equation, Mn 2 O3 @C has an estimated apparent activation energy of 41.5 kJ mol−1 .
Moreover, thermodynamic calculations showed that borohydride hydrolyzes over Mn 2 O3 @C in an endothermic, entropy-driven,
and spontaneous manner. The antibacterial properties of Mn 2 O3 @C NPs were tested against six pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia
coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia plymuthica, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Mn 2 O3 @C NPs showed
high antibacterial properties, especially at 150 μg mL−1 concentration, with growth inhibition of 82.3%, 73.8%, 72.7%, and 71.8%
of S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, and B. cereus, compared with 67%, 58.2%, 56.6%, and 61.4% of chloramphenicol, respectively

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) represent a rapidly advancing group of metal-free organic photocatalysts, offering a sustainable route for hydrogen (H₂) generation through photocatalytic water splitting. Their intrinsic permanent porosity, combined with extended π-conjugation and large surface areas, enables superior light harvesting, efficient exciton dissociation, and accelerated molecular diffusion—key attributes for effective photocatalytic systems. In this study, two newly developed CMPs—Py–Thio–Tri CMP and Py–Thio–PyD CMP—were synthesized and subjected to rigorous physicochemical characterization to investigate their photocatalytic performance. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements were employed to determine their porosity. The chemical structures and functional group integrity were validated via Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Photocatalytic evaluations demonstrate that Py–Thio–Tri CMP exhibits markedly superior hydrogen evolution activity compared to Py–Thio–PyD CMP. Specifically, Py–Thio–Tri CMP achieves an initial hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 1100 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ within the first hour of irradiation, substantially surpassing the 182 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ recorded for Py–Thio–PyD CMP under similar circumstances. Upon incorporation of 3 wt % cobalt (Co) as a cocatalyst, the HGRs further increased to 1242 and 249 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ for Py–Thio–Tri CMP and Py–Thio–PyD CMP, respectively. Additionally, transient photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements corroborate Py–Thio–Tri CMP enhanced photogenerated carrier mobility and suppressed charge recombination dynamics.

Lead-free halide perovskites, particularly Cs₂AgBiBr₆, have gained attention as promising photocatalysts due to their excellent light absorption and tunable photo-responsive properties. However, their practical application is hindered by poor stability in aqueous media and reduced efficiency in high-water environments, where Cs₂AgBiBr₆ undergoes self-passivation by forming BiOBr, significantly decreasing its photocatalytic activity when water content exceeds 50 vol%. To overcome these limitations, we in situ coupled Cs₂AgBiBr₆ nanoplatelets (NPLs) with g-C₃N₄, forming a stable Cs₂AgBiBr₆ NPLs@g-C₃N₄@AgBr ternary composite in water (100 vol%). This nanocomposite demonstrated remarkable stability in water through the formation of AgBr rather than BioBr, as confirmed by various spectroscopic and diffraction techniques. The optimized 1:2 wt% ratio of Cs₂AgBiBr₆ to g-C₃N₄ leads to the highest degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) of 0.082 min ^-1 which was 14 times greater than Cs₂AgBiBr₆ NPLs, g-C₃N₄, or AgBr alone, surpassing all previously reported Cs₂AgBiBr₆-based nanocomposites in both efficiency and stability. Furthermore, the scavenging action of RhB led by the heterojunction photocatalyst resulted in the elimination of 98.3 % of RhB under light. The superior photocatalytic activity of the Cs₂AgBiBr₆ NPLs@g-C₃N₄@AgBr ternary composite in aqueous media was confirmed through detailed characterization, which revealed that the formation of a dual S-scheme mechanism significantly enhances interfacial charge separation and transfer, resulting in elevated photocurrent, pronounced photoluminescence quenching, and minimized charge transfer resistance. In addition, this ternary composite exhibited robust environmental stability, preserving its crystallinity and morphology after 6 months of air exposure, while maintaining consistent photocatalytic performance across 4 successive cycles in aqueous conditions. Thus, the present results introduce a novel strategy for stabilizing halide perovskites in high water content, expanding their potential for photocatalytic applications in environmental remediation and sustainable energy solutions.

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were reported as a photocatalyst for hydrogen production via water splitting. Herein, two-dimensional (2D) copper (Cu)-terephthalate (CuTPA) metal-organic framework (MOF) and its carbonized products were used as cocatalysts to promote the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂. The materials showed great potential in low-cost and high photocatalytic performance. They offered an environmentally friendly system for hydrogen production with initial and cumulative hydrogen generation rates (HGRs) of 12.8–23.6 mmol·h⁻¹·g⁻¹ and 61.5–112.9 mmol·g⁻¹, respectively. The effects of cocatalyst loading, composite, and carbonization temperature (400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C) were investigated. The highest initial and cumulative HGR values were observed for CuO@C obtained after carbonization at 400 °C with 3 wt% loadings, offering HGR values of 23.6 mmol·h⁻¹·g⁻¹ and 112.9 mmol·g⁻¹. CuO@C enhanced the photocatalytic performance of pristine TiO₂ by 295 and 182 folds. The combination effect of CuO and carbon nanosheet is crucial for the high photocatalytic performance of the composite cocatalyst compared to the individual cocatalysts of CuO or carbon.