One of the main causes propelling the development of new insecticidal active agents is the exponential rise in resistance to traditional chemical pesticides. One approach to solving this issue is to investigate novel types of insecticidal substances with unique ones. In this paper, various series of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinolines were synthesized starting from 7-acetyl-4-cyano-1,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-8-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3(2H)-thiones 2a–c. Thus, compounds 2a–c were reacted with some halogeno reagents, namely: N-aryl-2-chloroacetamides 3a–f, N-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamide (3g), N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamide (3h), and N-(benzthiazol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamide (3i), in the presence of anhydrous sodium carbonate, to give the target compounds, 1-amino-N-substituted-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinoline-2-carboxamides 4a–i, 5a–c, 6, and 7, respectively. Compounds 4f,g,i, 6, and 7 underwent a Paal–Knorr reaction upon treatment with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in boiling glacial acetic acid, to give the corresponding 1-(1-pyrrolyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinoline-2-carboxamide derivatives 8f,g,i, 9, and 10. Using elemental and spectral investigations, the structures of every chemical were described. The insecticidal activity of a majority of recently synthesized compounds against the nymphs and adults of A. craccivora was assessed, and encouraging findings were found.

The search for new bioactive substances with microbiological activity is dictated by the increasing resistance of the drugs used in clinical practice against various pathogenic microorganisms. In this respect, particular attention is paid to the modified dendrimers with biologically active substances and their metal complexes. This work describes synthesizing and characterizing a new copper complex of first-generation polypropylene imine (PPI) dendrimer, modified with 4-sulfo-1,8-naphthalimide. The new metallodendrimer [Cu₂(E)(NO₃)₄] has been characterized by IR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Two copper ions were found to form a complex with the dendrimer ligand. Cotton fabrics were treated with the dendrimer ligand (E), its monomer structural analog (M), and metallodendrimer. The microbiological activity of the three compounds and the treated cotton fabrics with them has been tested in the dark and after light irradiation against bacterial strains: Gram-positive B. cereus and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa. The results showed that the metallodendrimer was slightly more effective than the dendrimer ligand E and monomer M, and their activity was enhanced after light irradiation. The increase in antimicrobial activity after light irradiation was due to the generation of highly reactive singlet oxygen, which damages bacteria’s cell membrane, leading to their inactivation. The similar activity against both types of bacteria indicates that all three compounds can be classified as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The virucidal effects of the studied compounds were also tested against human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV-S2) after 30 min/60 min. The newly synthesized compounds showed no activity against HAdV-5, but the activity against HSV-2 viruses increases with the prolongation of their interaction.

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have emerged as highly versatile materials, garnering significant attention in recent years due to their unique structural and functional properties. This study presents the development and synthesis of a CMP based on Py-TBNBZ, achieved via a well-established [4 + 4] Schiff base reaction. The reaction involves two primary building blocks: 4,4′,4″,4‴-(pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrayl)tetrabenzaldehyde (PyBZ-4CHO) and 4,4′,4″,4‴-(dibenzo[g,p]chrysene-2,7,10,15-tetrayl)tetraaniline (TBNBZ-4NH₂). The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesized Py-TBNBZ CMP material were systematically analyzed using advanced experimental techniques, confirming the successful formation of a robust framework. The Py-TBNBZ CMP prepared in this study showed a BET surface area (S_BET) of 497 m² g⁻¹. Thermal analysis indicated a decomposition temperature (T_d10) of 476 °C and a notable char yield of 74 wt%, as confirmed through BET and TGA measurements. One of the most notable features of the Py-TBNBZ CMP is its strong fluorescence, which enabled its application in chemical sensing. The material exhibited exceptional sensitivity and selectivity, allowing for the detection of K⁺ and Fe²⁺ ions and precise pH monitoring over a broad pH range (pH 2–10). The underlying sensing mechanisms were investigated and elucidated. Additionally, the Py-TBNBZ CMP demonstrated remarkable adsorption capabilities for hazardous gas vapors, including ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen chloride (HCl), underscoring its potential for environmental remediation. The flexibility of the Py-TBNBZ CMP distinguishes it from other CMPs and porous materials, enabling superior performance, enhanced applicability, and improved operational efficiency. This work highlights the advanced capabilities of Py-TBNBZ CMP and contributes to the ongoing development of innovative materials for adsorption, environmental protection, and next-generation sensing technologies.

Herein, new Pyrrolo[3,4-d] isoxazolidines hybrid with furan were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrone 2 with N-substituted maleimides 3a-j. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro cytotoxic assay against four cancer cell lines namely, HeLa, HEPG-2, HCT-116 and MCF-7 using doxorubicin (DOX) as a reference using MTT assay. The results demonstrated that compounds 4b and 4j exhibited the highest antitumor activity with IC₅₀ =6.22–16.44  μM in comparable to DOX (IC₅₀ = 4.17–5.57μM). The most active hybrids 4b and 4j were further subjected to multi-targeting assays against EGFR, VEGFR-2, and Topo II. They showed good to moderate inhibitory activities. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of 4b and 4j inhibited cell population of MCF-7 cells in the S phase. Compound 4b, and 4j were further evaluated using molecular docking and dynamics simulations (20 ns) and the EGFR, TOPII, or VEGFR-2 receptor protein. All the data sets accurately predict the strongest binding affinity for the selected compounds, as evidenced by the highest free binding energy from MM/GBSA calculations and significant amino acid steric interactions. Furthermore, the RMS/RMSF/Rg/SASA dynamics parameters show the formed complexes demonstrate satisfactory stability. The ADMET properties indicate that the selected new ligands have shown a promising drug-like profile and can be considered potential candidates for future anti-cancer therapies, with perspective validating their anticancer activity by in vitro studies.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is one of the effective strategies for facing the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms of traditional antibiotics. In connection with this, new effective compounds are being sought, increasing their biological activity upon irradiation. In this work, a new polypropylene imine (PPI) from the first generation was synthesized and modified with 1,8-naphthalimide, to which a sulfonyl chloride group (D1) was introduced at the C-4 atom, from which after interaction with glucosamine, a dendrimer containing a sulphonamide group (D2) was obtained. The photophysical characteristics of dendrimer D2 were investigated in five organic solvents of different polarity and aqueous media. It was found that the absorption and fluorescence maxima are slightly affected by the polarity of the solvents. Excimer and monomeric fluorescence were also recorded with dendrimer D2 in an aqueous solution. Dendrimer D2 was deposited on the surface of the cotton fabric, and its release from the cotton fabric was studied for 4 h in a phosphate buffer at 37 °C. The antimicrobial activity of dendrimer D2 was investigated in meat-peptone broth (MPB) against Gram-positive B. cereus and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa and on cotton fabric compared in the dark and after irradiation with sunlight. It has been found that after irradiation with light, the activity of D2 and cotton fabrics is enhanced due to their antimicrobial photodynamic activity. Additionally, light can be utilized to self-sterilize cotton fabrics when treated with D2. 

Fish trypanosomiasis is a common blood parasitic disease transmitted by aquatic invertebrates, such as leeches. This study
aims to shed light on the cytotoxicity of Trypanosoma sp. on erythrocytes and its impacts on the innate immune response
(serum lysozyme activity, nitric oxide production, phagocytic activity, serum total protein, and globulin) in wild African
catfish, Clarias gariepinus. One hundred catfish were examined using blood smears stained with Giemsa and confirmed with
PCR. The prevalence of infection was found to be 10% by microscope detection and 15% by PCR. The morphological identification
of Trypanosoma as Trypanosoma mukasai was determined. Additionally, this study included previously undescribed
features of Trypanosoma, such as the width of the anterior and posterior body, the length of the posterior pale region, and
the number of folds. Various alterations in erythrocytes were observed, totaling 54.57%. Nuclear abnormalities, including
fragmented nuclei, eccentric nuclei, and micronuclei, were also reported. Infected fish showed a reduction in serum total
protein and globulin levels, while nitric oxide production, lysozyme activity, and phagocytic activity exhibited a significant
increase compared to non-infected fish. We believe that our findings will contribute valuable data to the morphological and
molecular identification of Trypanosoma sp. in African catfish, as well as their cytotoxic impact.

Water pollution has emerged as a major challenge for the scientific community because of the rapid expansion of the population and the industrial sector in the world. The current study focuses on introducing a new track for designing new optical nanocomposites for purifying water in addition to providing a new additive for building new nanohybrids. These targets were achieved through building a ternary system of Co/Ti/Zn nanocomposites and nanolayered structures. The Co/Ti/Zn nanolayered structures were prepared and intercalated by different kinds of organic acids: monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Long chains of organic acids were used to construct series of organic–inorganic nanohybrids. X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of nanolayered structures and nanohybrids. The optical properties of the nanolayered structure showed that the Co/Ti/Zn LDH became photo-active compared with the usual Al/Zn LDH because of the reduction in the band gap energy from 5.3 eV to 3.3 eV. After thermal treatment, a highly photo-active nanocomposite was produced through observing more reduction for the band gap energy to become 2.8 eV. In addition, the dye of Acid Green 1 completely decomposed and converted to water and carbon dioxide during 17 min of UV radiation by the dual Co/Ti-doped zinc oxide nanocomposite. In addition, the kinetic study confirmed that the high optical activity of the dual Co/Ti-doped zinc oxide nanocomposite accelerated the degradation of the green dyes. Finally, from these results it could be concluded that designing effective nanocomposite for purification of water was accomplished through converting 2D nanolayered structures to a 3D porous structure of Ni/Ti/Zn nanocomposites. In addition, a new additive was achieved for heterostructured hybrids through building new Co/Ti/Zn/organic nanohybrids

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by green synthesis using plant leaf extraction of Ochradenus baccatus and characterized by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Since elevated CO levels have been associated with inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disorders and the methane gas primarily produced by gut microbiota and linked to gastrointestinal disorders and other abnormal methane levels in breath samples, the nanoparticles were applied for gas sensor fabrication. Thus, the gas sensors fabricated using ZnO nanoparticles were investigated for CH4 , H2 , CO, and NO2 gases. The gas sensing was performed for the fabricated sensors at various operating temperatures and gas concentrations. Interestingly, leaf-extracted green synthesized ZnO NPs were more sensitive to CH4 , CO, and NO2 gases than to H2 . The results of sensing studies revealed that the nanoparticles exhibit a selectivity toward gas depending on the gas type. The sensor response was also studied against the humidity. These findings bridge between the laboratory and industry sectors for future gas sensors development, which can be used for exhaled breath analysis and serve as potential diagnostic tools for highly sensitive contagious diseases.

Water pollution is one of the main challenges currently facing scientists around the world because of the rapid growth in industrial activities. On this basis, 2D nanolayered and nanohybrid structures, which are based on a ternary system of nickel–titanium–zinc, are considered favorable sources for designing effective nanocomposites for the photocatalytic degradation of industrial pollutants in a short period of time. These nanocomposites were designed by modifying twodimensional nanolayers to produce a three-dimensional porous structure of multi-doped Ni/Ti-ZnO nanocomposites. Additionally, another additive was produced by constructing nanohybrids of nickel– titanium–zinc combined with a series of hydrocarbons (n-capric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, suberic acid, and sebacic acid). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analyses confirmed the growth of the nanolayered and nanohybrid materials in addition to the production of nanocomposites. The positive role of the dopants (nickel and titanium) in producing an effective photocatalyst was observed through a significant narrowing of the band gap of zinc oxide to 3.05–3.10 eV. Additionally, the high photocatalytic activity of this nanocomposite enabled the complete removal of colored dye from water after 25 min of UV radiation. In conclusion, this study proposes an unconventional approach for designing new optical nanocomposites for purifying water. Additionally, it suggests a novel supporting method for designing new kinds of nanohybrids based on multi-metals and organic acids.

We report an economical approach for the fabrication of laser-produced graphene (LPG) electrodes, which results in an improved electrochemical performance. Polyimide polymer was used as the starting material for LPG synthesis and was irradiated under ambient conditions with a CO2 laser. The prepared LPG samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and FTIR, which validated the formation of multilayer graphene containing sp2 hybridized C＝C bonds. FE-SEM revealed three-dimensional (3D) sheet-like structures, while HR-TEM images showed lattice planes with an interplanar spacing of approximately 0.33 nm, corresponding to the (002) plane of graphene. Their electrochemical performance showed a remarkable areal specific capacitance (CA) of 51 mF cm−2 (170 F g−1) at 1 mA cm−2 (3.3 A g−1) in a three-electrode configuration with 1 mol L−1 KOH as the aqueous electrolyte. The LPG electrodes produced an energy density of ~3.5 µWh cm−2 and a power density of ~350 µW cm−2, demonstrating significant energy storage ability. They also had an excellent cycling stability, retaining 87% of their specific capacitance after 3 000 cycles at 1 mA/cm2. A symmetric supercapacitor fabricated with LPG electrodes and the 1 mol L−1 KOH electrolyte had a specific capacitance of 23 mF cm−2 and showed excellent retention after 10 000 cycles, showing LPG’s potential for use in supercapacitors. Key words: Supercapacitors; Graphene; LPG; Electrochemical studies; Charge storage mechanism