Understanding the geological and structural controls on mineralization is globally important for sustainable resource exploration and management. This study investigates the Gardan Ophiolitic Mélange (GOM) and the Shait Granite Complex (SGC) in the Wadi Shait area, Eastern Desert, Egypt, using an integrated, multidisciplinary approach. The GOM comprises basal metasediments, metabasalt slices, and schistose hornblende-bearing metagabbros, representing a tectonically imbricated, low-grade metamorphosed unit. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, analysed using false colour composites (FCCs), principal component analysis (PCA), band ratios, and textural correlation, effectively discriminated lithological units and structural patterns. These results were validated and extended using high-resolution aeromagnetic data. Interpretation of aeromagnetic, employing advanced edge-detection filters such as the improved horizontal tilt derivative (impTDX) and STDR, together with classical techniques including the first vertical derivative (FVD), horizontal gradient magnitude (HGM), and tilt derivative (TDR), as well as three-dimensional (3D) Euler deconvolution and 3D magnetic modeling, revealed a network of NW–SE, NE–SW, N–S, and E–W trending faults at depths of 124–782 m. Within the SGC, NW-trending shear zones indicate late orogenic extensional exhumation associated with Najd fault-related tectonics. These structures govern the distribution of gold and radioactive (K, U, Th) mineralization. The results highlight the effectiveness of integrating remote sensing and aeromagnetic techniques for resolving lithological complexity, subsurface architecture, and mineral potential in structurally complex terranes worldwide.

Airborne geophysical and satellite-based remote sensing datasets are widely recognized as effective tools for mineral exploration, particularly for mapping structural and lithological variations in complex geological terranes. In this study, aeromagnetic data were integrated with Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery and ALOS PALSAR radar data to investigate the surface and subsurface geology of the Dungash region. The aeromagnetic dataset was processed to delineate magnetic lineaments, identify subsurface structural boundaries, and estimate basement depth variations. Remote sensing analyses highlighted major lithological units and surface structural trends, enabling a refined understanding of geological relationships. A key contribution of this work is the application of the Hyperbolic Tangent Function (HTF) as a novel edge detection technique on both synthetic and observed magnetic data. Compared to conventional derivative-based filters, the HTF provided clearer structural boundaries with reduced noise sensitivity and fewer false anomalies, resulting in more reliable interpretation. Three-dimensional magnetic modeling, supported by 3D Euler deconvolution and tilt-depth estimates, suggested that the basement occurs at depths ranging from approximately 581 to 946 m. The dominant tectonic trends identified include NNW-SSE, NNE-SSW, N-S, NE-SW, NW–SE, and E-W, corresponding to major regional tectonic systems such as the Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, and Gulf of Aqaba trends. Remote sensing textural measures effectively distinguished heterogeneous Precambrian basement rocks from more homogeneous sedimentary units, while band ratio composites highlighted lithological contrasts and unconformity surfaces. The integrated approach significantly enhances geological interpretation and provides a robust framework for guiding mineral exploration in the Dungash region.

The paper is devoted to bringing hypergeometric functions (HFs) within the purview of Lie theory by constructing a dynamical symmetry algebra of Humbert function $\Psi_{1}$. Multiplier representation theory of Lie groups and algebras is then used to obtain a generating function for basic analogue of Humbert function $\Psi_{1}$

Developing a green, efficient, and robust route for fabricating silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) composites remains a crucial challenge, particularly in achieving uniform particle size and high Ag-NP loading. In this study, a simple in-situ strategy was employed to synthesize and immobilize Ag-NPs (1–15 wt%) onto a bio-derived hydroxyapatite-curcumin (HAP-curcumin) nanocomposite. HAP was sustainably extracted from Black Tilapia fish scales, while curcumin functioned as both a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, enabling an environmentally friendly synthesis process. Structural and physicochemical analyses, XRD, FTIR, BET, XPS, and HRTEM, confirmed the successful formation and uniform dispersion of spherical Ag-NPs (∼15.7 nm) on the HAP-curcumin surface. The nanocomposites exhibited outstanding catalytic performance, efficiently reducing various organic pollutants, including 4-nitrophenol, Congo red, methylene blue, and rhodamine B, in the presence of NaBH₄. Remarkably, the 15% Ag/HAP-curcumin sample achieved rapid degradation of 4-nitrophenol within 5 s (k = 2.3297 min⁻¹) and demonstrated strong catalytic activity even in real sample matrices (milk, juice, and soap-containing wastewater). The 15% Ag/HAP-curcumin nanocomposite showed excellent stability over repeated cycles with negligible Ag leaching, indicating strong potential for practical applications. Beyond catalysis, the nanocomposites displayed potent antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hominis, and Candida albicans. The 15% Ag/HAP-curcumin nanocomposite achieved complete (100%) inhibition at 150 μg/mL, highlighting its dual functionality as a green catalyst and antimicrobial agent. This work presents a sustainable route for designing multifunctional Ag-based nanocomposites with promising applications in environmental remediation and biomedical fields.

Mitigating the co-existence of environmental stresses on crop plants necessitates the development of integrated, eco-friendly, and sustainable approaches to alleviate plant stress responses. This study represents the first attempt to mitigate the toxic impact of prevalent pollutant (salinity) and an emergent plastic manufacturing pollutants (bisphenol A, BPA) using the polyamine (cadaverine).Tomato plants, treated with or without cadaverine, were subjected to NaCl salinity (120 mM), BPA (375 mg kg soil), and their combinations compared to non-stressed control plants examining morphological, physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses. After 10 days of transplanting, tomato plants under combined stress were unable to survive without cadaverine application. However, cadaverine spraying mitigated the damaging effects of both single and combined stresses under short- and long-term exposure, enabling stressed plants to endure the conditions and complete their life cycles. Cadaverine efficiently restrained the reduction in chlorophylls, carotenoids, and cytosolutes under applied stresses compared to the stressed plants. Cadaverine also increased α-tocopherol content (by 171 and 53 %) and enhanced the activity of polyphenol oxidase (by 26 and 32 %), glutathione s-transferases (by 18 and 39 %), superoxide dismutase (by 23 and 46 %), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (by 9 and 25 %), under BPA and salinity stress, respectively. Thus, cadaverine ameliorated the oxidative and nitrosative burst induced by BPA or salinity, respectively by declining hydroxyl radical (by 28 % and 20 %), superoxide anion (by 73 % and 74 %), nitric oxide (by 60 and 65 %), lipid peroxidation (by 35 % and 54 %), and lipoxygenase activity (by 74 and 68 %). Moreover, cadaverine enhanced the expression of defence-related genes, including polyphenol oxidase, tubulin, and thaumatin-like protein, and reduced the uptake of BPA in the tomato’s roots while promoting its metabolism in leaves and fruits. This ensured the safety of the harvested fruits. By mitigating stress, improving plant resilience, and limiting pollutant accumulation, cadaverine presents significant potential for sustainable agricultural practices and food safety. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of cadaverine in managing abiotic stress and safeguarding crop health in environmentally challenging conditions.

Two novel luminescent main-chain polybenzoxazine polymers, (Poly1)main and (Poly2)x main, were synthesized and characterized to explore their structural, thermal, morphological and photophysical properties. Polymer (Poly1)main was obtained via a Mannich condensation reaction without a catalyst, followed by thermal polymerization to produce the crosslinked polymer (Poly2)x main. Structural analyses using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the successful formation of the polymers, with (Poly2)x main exhibiting a higher degree of crosslinking and partial ordering in an otherwise amorphous structure. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed that thermal polymerization significantly altered the morphology, transforming the porous structure of (Poly1)main into a denser, layered morphology in (Poly2)x main. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry highlighted the improved thermal stability of (Poly2)x main due to extensive crosslinking. Photophysical studies showed that (Poly1)main in solution exhibited yellow-green luminescence with a broad emission maximum at 522 nm and CIE coordinates (0.39, 0.48). In contrast, the powders of both polymers displayed sharp red luminescence with an emission peak at 658 nm and CIE coordinates (0.72, 0.27), attributed to molecular packing effects and exciton coupling in the solid state. These results underscore the interplay among structural, morphological and photophysical properties, highlighting the potential of these polymers in optoelectronics, sensing and luminescent materials.
© 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Keywords: luminescent polymers; main chain; polybenzoxazines; photophysical properties; catalyst-free synthesis