Alginate and fucoidan are unique polysaccharides present in brown algae and widely used in food and
medical technologies. Alginate and fucoidan were sequentially extracted from Sargassum latifolium and
used for the preparation of alginate and alginate-fucoidan blend films with or without Ca-crosslinking.
The incorporation of fucoidan and Ca2þ decreased water solubility, but increased film thickness, water
vapor permeability and oxygen permeability. The films showed good properties against ultraviolet light,
however, incorporation of fucoidan and/or Ca2þ decreased the color parameter L* value and increased the
a* and b* values of the films. The interaction of Ca2þ and fucoidan with alginate was investigated using
FTIR analysis which confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonded interaction. Kinetics of moisture
sorption and polyphenol release exhibited a good fit to Peleg's model. Ca2þ crosslinking decreased initial
moisture sorption and increased the maximum sorption capacity of the films. Additionally, the water
vapor diffusion and polyphenol release were expressed in terms of effective diffusion coefficient based
on simplified Fick's law. The developed films showed good antioxidant properties as measured by total
antioxidant assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Both film
type and the type of the food simulant markedly affected the polyphenol release and the antioxidant
activity of the films.

Alginate and fucoidan are unique polysaccharides present in brown algae and widely used in food and
medical technologies. Alginate and fucoidan were sequentially extracted from Sargassum latifolium and
used for the preparation of alginate and alginate-fucoidan blend films with or without Ca-crosslinking.
The incorporation of fucoidan and Ca2þ decreased water solubility, but increased film thickness, water
vapor permeability and oxygen permeability. The films showed good properties against ultraviolet light,
however, incorporation of fucoidan and/or Ca2þ decreased the color parameter L* value and increased the
a* and b* values of the films. The interaction of Ca2þ and fucoidan with alginate was investigated using
FTIR analysis which confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonded interaction. Kinetics of moisture
sorption and polyphenol release exhibited a good fit to Peleg's model. Ca2þ crosslinking decreased initial
moisture sorption and increased the maximum sorption capacity of the films. Additionally, the water
vapor diffusion and polyphenol release were expressed in terms of effective diffusion coefficient based
on simplified Fick's law. The developed films showed good antioxidant properties as measured by total
antioxidant assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Both film
type and the type of the food simulant markedly affected the polyphenol release and the antioxidant
activity of the films.

Alginate and fucoidan are unique polysaccharides present in brown algae and widely used in food and
medical technologies. Alginate and fucoidan were sequentially extracted from Sargassum latifolium and
used for the preparation of alginate and alginate-fucoidan blend films with or without Ca-crosslinking.
The incorporation of fucoidan and Ca2þ decreased water solubility, but increased film thickness, water
vapor permeability and oxygen permeability. The films showed good properties against ultraviolet light,
however, incorporation of fucoidan and/or Ca2þ decreased the color parameter L* value and increased the
a* and b* values of the films. The interaction of Ca2þ and fucoidan with alginate was investigated using
FTIR analysis which confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonded interaction. Kinetics of moisture
sorption and polyphenol release exhibited a good fit to Peleg's model. Ca2þ crosslinking decreased initial
moisture sorption and increased the maximum sorption capacity of the films. Additionally, the water
vapor diffusion and polyphenol release were expressed in terms of effective diffusion coefficient based
on simplified Fick's law. The developed films showed good antioxidant properties as measured by total
antioxidant assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Both film
type and the type of the food simulant markedly affected the polyphenol release and the antioxidant
activity of the films.

Alginate and fucoidan are unique polysaccharides present in brown algae and widely used in food and
medical technologies. Alginate and fucoidan were sequentially extracted from Sargassum latifolium and
used for the preparation of alginate and alginate-fucoidan blend films with or without Ca-crosslinking.
The incorporation of fucoidan and Ca2þ decreased water solubility, but increased film thickness, water
vapor permeability and oxygen permeability. The films showed good properties against ultraviolet light,
however, incorporation of fucoidan and/or Ca2þ decreased the color parameter L* value and increased the
a* and b* values of the films. The interaction of Ca2þ and fucoidan with alginate was investigated using
FTIR analysis which confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonded interaction. Kinetics of moisture
sorption and polyphenol release exhibited a good fit to Peleg's model. Ca2þ crosslinking decreased initial
moisture sorption and increased the maximum sorption capacity of the films. Additionally, the water
vapor diffusion and polyphenol release were expressed in terms of effective diffusion coefficient based
on simplified Fick's law. The developed films showed good antioxidant properties as measured by total
antioxidant assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Both film
type and the type of the food simulant markedly affected the polyphenol release and the antioxidant
activity of the films.

Agarase is a promising biocatalyst for several industrial
applications. Agarase production was evaluated by
the marine fungus Dendryphiella arenaria utilizing Palisada
perforata as a basal substrate in semi-solid state fermentation.
Seaweed biomass, glucose, and sucrose were the most significant
parameters affecting agarase production, and their levels
were further optimized using Box-Behnken design. The maximum
agarase activity was 7.69 U/mL. Agarase showed a
degree of thermostability with half-life of 99 min at 40 °C,
and declining to 44.72 min at 80 °C. Thermodynamics suggested
an important process of protein aggregation during
thermal inactivation. Additionally, the enzymatic saccharification
of the seaweed biomass using crude agarase was optimized
with respect to biomass particle size, solid/liquid ratio,
and enzyme loadings. The amount of biosugars obtained after
optimization was 26.15 ± 1.43 mg/g. To the best of our knowledge,
this is the first report on optimization of agarase in
D. arenaria.

Agarase is a promising biocatalyst for several industrial
applications. Agarase production was evaluated by
the marine fungus Dendryphiella arenaria utilizing Palisada
perforata as a basal substrate in semi-solid state fermentation.
Seaweed biomass, glucose, and sucrose were the most significant
parameters affecting agarase production, and their levels
were further optimized using Box-Behnken design. The maximum
agarase activity was 7.69 U/mL. Agarase showed a
degree of thermostability with half-life of 99 min at 40 °C,
and declining to 44.72 min at 80 °C. Thermodynamics suggested
an important process of protein aggregation during
thermal inactivation. Additionally, the enzymatic saccharification
of the seaweed biomass using crude agarase was optimized
with respect to biomass particle size, solid/liquid ratio,
and enzyme loadings. The amount of biosugars obtained after
optimization was 26.15 ± 1.43 mg/g. To the best of our knowledge,
this is the first report on optimization of agarase in
D. arenaria.

Agarase is a promising biocatalyst for several industrial
applications. Agarase production was evaluated by
the marine fungus Dendryphiella arenaria utilizing Palisada
perforata as a basal substrate in semi-solid state fermentation.
Seaweed biomass, glucose, and sucrose were the most significant
parameters affecting agarase production, and their levels
were further optimized using Box-Behnken design. The maximum
agarase activity was 7.69 U/mL. Agarase showed a
degree of thermostability with half-life of 99 min at 40 °C,
and declining to 44.72 min at 80 °C. Thermodynamics suggested
an important process of protein aggregation during
thermal inactivation. Additionally, the enzymatic saccharification
of the seaweed biomass using crude agarase was optimized
with respect to biomass particle size, solid/liquid ratio,
and enzyme loadings. The amount of biosugars obtained after
optimization was 26.15 ± 1.43 mg/g. To the best of our knowledge,
this is the first report on optimization of agarase in
D. arenaria.

Agarase is a promising biocatalyst for several industrial
applications. Agarase production was evaluated by
the marine fungus Dendryphiella arenaria utilizing Palisada
perforata as a basal substrate in semi-solid state fermentation.
Seaweed biomass, glucose, and sucrose were the most significant
parameters affecting agarase production, and their levels
were further optimized using Box-Behnken design. The maximum
agarase activity was 7.69 U/mL. Agarase showed a
degree of thermostability with half-life of 99 min at 40 °C,
and declining to 44.72 min at 80 °C. Thermodynamics suggested
an important process of protein aggregation during
thermal inactivation. Additionally, the enzymatic saccharification
of the seaweed biomass using crude agarase was optimized
with respect to biomass particle size, solid/liquid ratio,
and enzyme loadings. The amount of biosugars obtained after
optimization was 26.15 ± 1.43 mg/g. To the best of our knowledge,
this is the first report on optimization of agarase in
D. arenaria.

Crystals of potassium zinc chloride sulfate (KZCS) undoped and doped with Ni2+ ions with different concentrations were crystallized by slow evaporating of saturated aqueous solution. The crystal habit changes considerably by doping. Grown crystals were investigated by various characterization techniques. X-ray powder diffraction analysis was executed to detect the structure parameters of the grown crystals. Slight changes in the unit cell parameters of KZCS crystals after doping with Ni2+ ions have been detected. Different functional groups were detected and assigned from the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Optical properties were investigated in the incident wavelength in the range from190 to 900 nm. Absorption coefficient was calculated and the grown crystals show indirect allowed inter-band transition and the energy gap decreased continuously with increasing the concentration of Ni2+ ions. The …

4-Amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carboxamide has been synthesized by an innovative method. The aminoamide derivative was gently refluxed with chloroacetyl chloride under neat conditions followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate solution to afford the chloromethyl pyrimidinone compound. The chloromethyl pyrimidinone derivative was converted to the thiol derivative by the
reaction with thiourea in ethanol. The thiol compound was alkylated with α-halocompounds such as ethyl chloroacetate, chloroacetone, phenacyl bromide and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylnicotinonitrile to afford the corresponding S-alkylated compounds. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental and spectral analyses containing FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy.