Abstract
Samples of Citrullus colocynthis shoots were collected from nine stands during two seasons (winter and summer
2015) in two tributaries of Wadi Qena (W. El-Atrash and W. El-Ghuza) in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Soil of
these stands was characterized by slight alkalinity and low soil moisture and organic matter percentages. Soil
macronutrients were arranged as Ca>K> Na>Cl>SO4>Mg>PO4. However, in C. colocynthis tissues, these nutrients
accumulated in the following order: SO4 >K > Ca > Mg > Na> Cl > PO4. The plant chlorophyll contents (Chl. a
and b), their ratio and their stability index (CSI) increased drastically during summer. Shoot accumulated SO4,
PO4 and all cations during summer more than winter, except Cl that was higher during winter. Soluble sugars
(SS) and soluble proteins (SP) increased during summer while total free amino acids were higher during winter.
Data revealed that there were close relationships between the high SO4, K and Ca contents and the hot-dry
conditions and the accumulation of SS and SP on the relatively hot-dry season However, this may be primarily
related to metabolism of drought resistance in such desert plants. Correlations between plant and soil variables
showed important positive relations between soil Ca, Mg and plant Mg and between soil SO4 with Ca and Mg of
plant. Spatial distribution of C. colocynthis was the most important factor that controls WC, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl,
PO4, CSI a, CSI b , Chl. a and b, Chl. a/b ratio, TAA, , SS and SP. While, the interaction between both factors,
spatial and temporal, could be the promoter.

TWELVE stands of Aerva javanica shrubs were visited during the winter and summer seasons of 2015 in two tributaries of WadiQena (Wadi El-Atrash and Wadi El-Ghuza) in the Egyptian Eastern Desert. Soil analysis showed low contents of soil moisture (SMC) and organic matter and slight alkalinity. Chlorophyll contents (Chl. a & b) and their ratio increased significantly during summer season, while their stability index increased during winter. The contents of Ca and K were high during summer, while PO4 and Na were higher during winter.Soluble sugars and soluble proteins increased during summer while total free amino acids were higher during winter. It can be concluded that there are close relationships between the high K, Ca and Cl contents and the hot-dry conditions prevailed in the summer season, and the accumulation of soluble sugars (SS) and soluble proteins (SP) on the relatively humid-cold season. Statistical correlations showed important positive relations between soil Na and plant water content (PWC), chlorophyll parameters, SS and SP. Fortunately, there was negative relation between soil PO4 and the contents of Na and Cl in the shoots. Spatial variations were the most important factor that controls A. javanica PWC, Na, K, Ca, Cl, PO4, Chl. a and b, SS and SP. While, Mg, chlorophyll a stability index (CSI a), CSI b and total amino acids (TFAA)were affected by the variation in both spatial and temporal gradients.

TWELVE stands of Aerva javanica shrubs were visited during the winter and summer seasons of 2015 in two tributaries of WadiQena (Wadi El-Atrash and Wadi El-Ghuza) in the Egyptian Eastern Desert. Soil analysis showed low contents of soil moisture (SMC) and organic matter and slight alkalinity. Chlorophyll contents (Chl. a & b) and their ratio increased significantly during summer season, while their stability index increased during winter. The contents of Ca and K were high during summer, while PO4 and Na were higher during winter.Soluble sugars and soluble proteins increased during summer while total free amino acids were higher during winter. It can be concluded that there are close relationships between the high K, Ca and Cl contents and the hot-dry conditions prevailed in the summer season, and the accumulation of soluble sugars (SS) and soluble proteins (SP) on the relatively humid-cold season. Statistical correlations showed important positive relations between soil Na and plant water content (PWC), chlorophyll parameters, SS and SP. Fortunately, there was negative relation between soil PO4 and the contents of Na and Cl in the shoots. Spatial variations were the most important factor that controls A. javanica PWC, Na, K, Ca, Cl, PO4, Chl. a and b, SS and SP. While, Mg, chlorophyll a stability index (CSI a), CSI b and total amino acids (TFAA)were affected by the variation in both spatial and temporal gradients.

TWELVE stands of Aerva javanica shrubs were visited during the winter and summer seasons of 2015 in two tributaries of WadiQena (Wadi El-Atrash and Wadi El-Ghuza) in the Egyptian Eastern Desert. Soil analysis showed low contents of soil moisture (SMC) and organic matter and slight alkalinity. Chlorophyll contents (Chl. a & b) and their ratio increased significantly during summer season, while their stability index increased during winter. The contents of Ca and K were high during summer, while PO4 and Na were higher during winter.Soluble sugars and soluble proteins increased during summer while total free amino acids were higher during winter. It can be concluded that there are close relationships between the high K, Ca and Cl contents and the hot-dry conditions prevailed in the summer season, and the accumulation of soluble sugars (SS) and soluble proteins (SP) on the relatively humid-cold season. Statistical correlations showed important positive relations between soil Na and plant water content (PWC), chlorophyll parameters, SS and SP. Fortunately, there was negative relation between soil PO4 and the contents of Na and Cl in the shoots. Spatial variations were the most important factor that controls A. javanica PWC, Na, K, Ca, Cl, PO4, Chl. a and b, SS and SP. While, Mg, chlorophyll a stability index (CSI a), CSI b and total amino acids (TFAA)were affected by the variation in both spatial and temporal gradients.

Abstract
Vegetation composition and soil attributes in the lower tributaries of Wadi Qena in the Eastern Desert of Egypt are studied
from fifty-one stands in three wadis, namely Wadi El-Ghuza, Wadi Naq El-Teir, and Wadi El-Atrash. Altogether, fifty-two
species from twenty families and thirty-nine genera, mainly of the Saharo-Arabian focus of distribution, were recorded.
Chamaephytes and therophytes constituted 73 % of the main bulk of life form the spectrum of the recorded flora. After the
removal of unicates, the presence/absence datasets of thirty-six species and fifty-one stands were classified by TWINSPAN
yielding four vegetation groups: Zygophyllum coccineum-Zilla spinosa-Calligonum polygonoides (group A) mainly in Wadi
Naq El-Teir, Zygophyllum coccineum-Zilla spinosa (group B) in Wadi El-Ghuza, Morettia philaeana (group C) from the
southern part of Wadi El-Atrash, and Zygophyllum coccineum-Morettia philaeana (group D) from the northern part of Wadi
El-Atrash. These groups were clearly separated along the first two axes of DCA. Soil-vegetation correlations performed by
Redundancy Analysis (RDA) indicated that axis 1 was shaped by calcium and organic matter, while axis two was controlled
by pH and phosphate contents. Variations of species richness and Shannon diversity index within the separated TWINSPAN
groups were highly significant.

Abstract
Vegetation composition and soil attributes in the lower tributaries of Wadi Qena in the Eastern Desert of Egypt are studied
from fifty-one stands in three wadis, namely Wadi El-Ghuza, Wadi Naq El-Teir, and Wadi El-Atrash. Altogether, fifty-two
species from twenty families and thirty-nine genera, mainly of the Saharo-Arabian focus of distribution, were recorded.
Chamaephytes and therophytes constituted 73 % of the main bulk of life form the spectrum of the recorded flora. After the
removal of unicates, the presence/absence datasets of thirty-six species and fifty-one stands were classified by TWINSPAN
yielding four vegetation groups: Zygophyllum coccineum-Zilla spinosa-Calligonum polygonoides (group A) mainly in Wadi
Naq El-Teir, Zygophyllum coccineum-Zilla spinosa (group B) in Wadi El-Ghuza, Morettia philaeana (group C) from the
southern part of Wadi El-Atrash, and Zygophyllum coccineum-Morettia philaeana (group D) from the northern part of Wadi
El-Atrash. These groups were clearly separated along the first two axes of DCA. Soil-vegetation correlations performed by
Redundancy Analysis (RDA) indicated that axis 1 was shaped by calcium and organic matter, while axis two was controlled
by pH and phosphate contents. Variations of species richness and Shannon diversity index within the separated TWINSPAN
groups were highly significant.

Abstract
Vegetation composition and soil attributes in the lower tributaries of Wadi Qena in the Eastern Desert of Egypt are studied
from fifty-one stands in three wadis, namely Wadi El-Ghuza, Wadi Naq El-Teir, and Wadi El-Atrash. Altogether, fifty-two
species from twenty families and thirty-nine genera, mainly of the Saharo-Arabian focus of distribution, were recorded.
Chamaephytes and therophytes constituted 73 % of the main bulk of life form the spectrum of the recorded flora. After the
removal of unicates, the presence/absence datasets of thirty-six species and fifty-one stands were classified by TWINSPAN
yielding four vegetation groups: Zygophyllum coccineum-Zilla spinosa-Calligonum polygonoides (group A) mainly in Wadi
Naq El-Teir, Zygophyllum coccineum-Zilla spinosa (group B) in Wadi El-Ghuza, Morettia philaeana (group C) from the
southern part of Wadi El-Atrash, and Zygophyllum coccineum-Morettia philaeana (group D) from the northern part of Wadi
El-Atrash. These groups were clearly separated along the first two axes of DCA. Soil-vegetation correlations performed by
Redundancy Analysis (RDA) indicated that axis 1 was shaped by calcium and organic matter, while axis two was controlled
by pH and phosphate contents. Variations of species richness and Shannon diversity index within the separated TWINSPAN
groups were highly significant.

A series of novel quinones was synthesized by reacting tetrabromo-p-benzoquinone with amino
oligoIJethylene glycol) dendrons of generation numbers g = 0–2. According to the performed shake-flask
experiments, their aqueous solubility (S = 18 mg l−1
–1.6 g ml−1
) and partition coefficients (logPoct/wat =
2.53–0.21) can be tuned in a wide range as a function of g. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of tetrabromo-pbenzoquinone and its derivatives against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells showed a concentration- and
generation-specific biological activity with IC50-values as low as 0.8 μM. Further investigations revealed a
considerable selectivity against cancer cells, as indicated by a weak cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblast cells (>80% survival) within the studied range of concentrations. The results demonstrate that these
novel amino oligoIJethylene glycol) dendrons depict versatile tools to ameliorate physical and pharmacological characteristics of extremely hydrophobic molecules and make them susceptible to biological
applications.

A series of novel quinones was synthesized by reacting tetrabromo-p-benzoquinone with amino
oligoIJethylene glycol) dendrons of generation numbers g = 0–2. According to the performed shake-flask
experiments, their aqueous solubility (S = 18 mg l−1
–1.6 g ml−1
) and partition coefficients (logPoct/wat =
2.53–0.21) can be tuned in a wide range as a function of g. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of tetrabromo-pbenzoquinone and its derivatives against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells showed a concentration- and
generation-specific biological activity with IC50-values as low as 0.8 μM. Further investigations revealed a
considerable selectivity against cancer cells, as indicated by a weak cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblast cells (>80% survival) within the studied range of concentrations. The results demonstrate that these
novel amino oligoIJethylene glycol) dendrons depict versatile tools to ameliorate physical and pharmacological characteristics of extremely hydrophobic molecules and make them susceptible to biological
applications.

the sky is a basic component in outdoor images. Due to the low gradient values of the sky, it has high priority in seam removing for content aware image resizing and the result of enlarging image contributes obvious artificial pixels. The proportion of images which contains sky is over 40% of the daily recent explored images on Flickr (see section V). This paper presents a new technique for annotated outdoor image compression (AOIC) depending on sky replacing. We compress the outdoor images by replacing the sky region with the nearest sky in a predefined sky database to reduce image size.
Our work is composed of two stages: encoding stage and decoding stage. In the encoding stage, we use sky annotation polygon to distinguish sky and non-sky regions. The sky features are extracted from the sky region (e.g. sky type, mean HSV, cloud type, and sun existence/relative position). These features are used to find the nearest sky feature from a predefined database of sky features. The sky ID and the sky polygon vertices are composed with non-sky region image. On the decoding stage, we use the sky ID to load the sky from the predefined sky database and compose the sky with the non-sky region (compressed image). Our method is tested using the standard outdoor images of LabelMe database which contain sky. Our method removes the sky and replaces it instead of shrinking the sky region in content aware image resize. Our AOIC can be used for reducing the file size of any image formats of outdoors that contains sky.