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Changes in the environmental temperature mediate oxidative stress state that affects the
survival rate of fishes. In general, stressors could affect directly as fish death or
indirectly through inhibiting immunity thus allowing pathogen invasion and disease
incidence. Rapid temperature fluctuations cause severe physiological stress on fish so
any temperature change affects the immune system. Fishes elicit generalized
physiological and immunological stress response against heat stress. As in other
vertebrates, this generalized stress response comprises physiological responses that are
common to a wide range of environmental, physical and biological stressors. This mini
review provides insight into the effect of heat stress on the fishes and the immune
response against heat stress.

A one-pot method for encapsulation of dye, which can be applied for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and synthesis of hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8), is reported. The size of the encapsulated dye tunes the mesoporosity and surface area of ZIF-8. The mesopore size, Langmuir surface area and pore volume are 15 nm, 960–1500 m2 · g−1 and 0.36–0.61 cm3 · g−1, respectively. After encapsulation into ZIF-8, the dyes show longer emission lifetimes (greater than 4–8-fold) as compared to the corresponding non-encapsulated dyes, due to suppression of aggregation, and torsional motions.

A one-pot method for encapsulation of dye, which can be applied for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and synthesis of hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8), is reported. The size of the encapsulated dye tunes the mesoporosity and surface area of ZIF-8. The mesopore size, Langmuir surface area and pore volume are 15 nm, 960–1500 m2 · g−1 and 0.36–0.61 cm3 · g−1, respectively. After encapsulation into ZIF-8, the dyes show longer emission lifetimes (greater than 4–8-fold) as compared to the corresponding non-encapsulated dyes, due to suppression of aggregation, and torsional motions.

Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks show increasing research attention due to their unique properties including tunable thickness, simple packing into a film and membrane, and high surface-to-volume atom ratios. A bottom-up synthesis strategy using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide for the synthesis of copper-benzenedicarboxylate (Cu(BDC)) nanosheets is reported. The method offers the synthesis of hierarchical porous Cu(BDC) lamellae with micrometer lateral dimensions, and nanometer thickness (100–150 nm). Electron microscope (scanning and transmission), and N2 adsorption isotherms confirm the formation of lamellae Cu(BDC) with mesopore size of 5–80 nm. The material has thermal stability up to 400 °C with good chemical stability in several organic solvents. However, the material transforms to another phase (Cu(BDC)(H2O)2) when soaked in water and alcohols. The transformation reduces crystal size and offers the formation of hydrogen bond resulting in an increase in the sorption of CO2 by ~10% compared to the pristine material Cu(BDC).