Kinetics of dehydration of unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate with 10 3 kGy total γ-ray dose absorbed in air atmosphere were studied by isoconversional nonisothermal method. The dehydration proceeds in two steps with the elimination of 0.8 and 0.4 mol of H 2 O, respectively. This result indicates that the investigated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate contains 1.2 mol of crystalline water in its structure. The dehydration reactions are best described by nucleation (A 2 model) and gas diffusion (D 4 model) for unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated samples, respectively. Analysis of the kinetic data using linear and nonlinear isoconversional methods showed that the apparent activation energy, E a (kJ/mol) is dependent on the conversion degree, α, of the dehydration process. The E a− α plots for both unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate showed that the dehydration is a …

Kinetics of dehydration of unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate with 10 3 kGy total γ-ray dose absorbed in air atmosphere were studied by isoconversional nonisothermal method. The dehydration proceeds in two steps with the elimination of 0.8 and 0.4 mol of H 2 O, respectively. This result indicates that the investigated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate contains 1.2 mol of crystalline water in its structure. The dehydration reactions are best described by nucleation (A 2 model) and gas diffusion (D 4 model) for unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated samples, respectively. Analysis of the kinetic data using linear and nonlinear isoconversional methods showed that the apparent activation energy, E a (kJ/mol) is dependent on the conversion degree, α, of the dehydration process. The E a− α plots for both unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate showed that the dehydration is a …

Kinetics of dehydration of unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate with 10 3 kGy total γ-ray dose absorbed in air atmosphere were studied by isoconversional nonisothermal method. The dehydration proceeds in two steps with the elimination of 0.8 and 0.4 mol of H 2 O, respectively. This result indicates that the investigated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate contains 1.2 mol of crystalline water in its structure. The dehydration reactions are best described by nucleation (A 2 model) and gas diffusion (D 4 model) for unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated samples, respectively. Analysis of the kinetic data using linear and nonlinear isoconversional methods showed that the apparent activation energy, E a (kJ/mol) is dependent on the conversion degree, α, of the dehydration process. The E a− α plots for both unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate showed that the dehydration is a …

Kinetics of dehydration of unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate with 10 3 kGy total γ-ray dose absorbed in air atmosphere were studied by isoconversional nonisothermal method. The dehydration proceeds in two steps with the elimination of 0.8 and 0.4 mol of H 2 O, respectively. This result indicates that the investigated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate contains 1.2 mol of crystalline water in its structure. The dehydration reactions are best described by nucleation (A 2 model) and gas diffusion (D 4 model) for unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated samples, respectively. Analysis of the kinetic data using linear and nonlinear isoconversional methods showed that the apparent activation energy, E a (kJ/mol) is dependent on the conversion degree, α, of the dehydration process. The E a− α plots for both unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated neodymium (III) acetate hydrate showed that the dehydration is a …

During the past decades, exploration activities carried out in the Western Desert of Egypt by several oil companies
revealed the oversimplified approach to the study of sedimentary basins in this region. The current study
evaluates and discusses the palynology and palynofacies of the clastic succession of the Kharita Formation
(Albian) in one of the most petroliferous, deep seated, fault controlled basins in the Western Desert of Egypt, the
Abu Gharadig Basin. Although the focus is on the palynofacies association, the hydrocarbon potential of the
Kharita Formation will also be addressed by means of organic petrology and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Marine
Cretaceous source rocks have generated substantial quantities of oil and gas in the Abu Gharadig rift Basin.
Moreover, Abu Gharadig Basin is characterized by containing not only oil/gas generating source rocks but also
reservoir rocks with appreciable porosities and permeabilities. Palynological, TOC/Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and
vitrinite reflectance (VRo%) data from 26 cuttings samples recovered from the Kharita Formation in the BED 2-
1× well, are presented. The palynological age dating (AL-2 Palynozone) confirmed early to middle Albian age
based on the first downhole appearance of the marker Concavisimisporites punctatus. The optical and visual
characterization of the palynofacies associations showed two distinct palynofacies associations that alternated
with each other. Kerogen type III to III/II was recorded based on the dominance of phytoclasts and opaque
organics. Some intervals showed a slight dominance of amorphous organic matter (AOM). Thermal Alteration
Index (TAI) values of 2+/3-measured on the psilate trilete spores, in combination with vitrinite reflectance
(VRo) values in the range from 0.51 to 0.62%, and the yellow to dull-yellow colors of the liptinite macerals
exhibited under UV light excitation indicate immature to the early stage of the oil window. Tmax values from
Rock-Eval pyrolysis range from 426 to 438 °C also confirm the low maturity of the organic matter. Thin coal
stringers were recorded within the Kharita Formation having slightly higher VRo,ran values (0.64 to 0.76%),
which is possibly the result of differences in mineral matrix variations within the Kharita Formation. Based on
the low TOC (avg. 0.71 wt%), S2 (avg. 0.97 mg HC/g rock), and HI (avg. 149 mg HC/g TOC) values from pyrolysis,
the hydrocarbon potential of the Kharita Formation in the studied well is considered to be low.

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Abstract
In the present study two species were selected based on their highest presence values to study the response to the severe drought
conditions in desert: these were Zilla spinosa and Leptadenia pyrotechnica. The results showed that soil water content and organic matter of
Wadi El-Assiuty were very low over the study period. The estimated pH values in the soil solution at the different studied stands tended to
be slight alkaline. Total soluble salts were generally higher during summer versus winter. The water content in the studied plants increased
significantly during summer. The selected species increased their content of chlorophyll a and b in summer. The stability index of
chlorophyll a and b was significantly higher in summer than that estimated in winter. Calcium and magnesium were accumulated in
considerable amounts. Ca+2 was the main accumulated cation whereas its concentration were higher than magnesium. Z. spinosa
accumulated more sulphates in summer than in winter. Phosphates appeared in low amounts in all the investigated plants. In L. pyrotechnica
tissue, Na+ concentration correlated negatively with those found in soil during summer. In winter Na+ and SO4 correlated positively and K+
correlated negatively in Z. spinosa. The studied species showed slightly increase in soluble sugars accumulation. Soluble protein content in Z.
spinosa and L. pyrotechnica decreased significantly during winter season. Amino acids content was low and varied between the two
investigated species. It seemed that the Z. spinosa is better adapted than L. pyrotechnica to drought conditions, prevailing in the area under
study. This judgement can be concluded by the average metabolic potentiality in the species, whereas soluble metabolites (soluble sugars
and soluble proteins) were relatively much higher than in the case of L. pyrotechnica.

Abstract
In the present study two species were selected based on their highest presence values to study the response to the severe drought
conditions in desert: these were Zilla spinosa and Leptadenia pyrotechnica. The results showed that soil water content and organic matter of
Wadi El-Assiuty were very low over the study period. The estimated pH values in the soil solution at the different studied stands tended to
be slight alkaline. Total soluble salts were generally higher during summer versus winter. The water content in the studied plants increased
significantly during summer. The selected species increased their content of chlorophyll a and b in summer. The stability index of
chlorophyll a and b was significantly higher in summer than that estimated in winter. Calcium and magnesium were accumulated in
considerable amounts. Ca+2 was the main accumulated cation whereas its concentration were higher than magnesium. Z. spinosa
accumulated more sulphates in summer than in winter. Phosphates appeared in low amounts in all the investigated plants. In L. pyrotechnica
tissue, Na+ concentration correlated negatively with those found in soil during summer. In winter Na+ and SO4 correlated positively and K+
correlated negatively in Z. spinosa. The studied species showed slightly increase in soluble sugars accumulation. Soluble protein content in Z.
spinosa and L. pyrotechnica decreased significantly during winter season. Amino acids content was low and varied between the two
investigated species. It seemed that the Z. spinosa is better adapted than L. pyrotechnica to drought conditions, prevailing in the area under
study. This judgement can be concluded by the average metabolic potentiality in the species, whereas soluble metabolites (soluble sugars
and soluble proteins) were relatively much higher than in the case of L. pyrotechnica.

Abstract
In the present study two species were selected based on their highest presence values to study the response to the severe drought
conditions in desert: these were Zilla spinosa and Leptadenia pyrotechnica. The results showed that soil water content and organic matter of
Wadi El-Assiuty were very low over the study period. The estimated pH values in the soil solution at the different studied stands tended to
be slight alkaline. Total soluble salts were generally higher during summer versus winter. The water content in the studied plants increased
significantly during summer. The selected species increased their content of chlorophyll a and b in summer. The stability index of
chlorophyll a and b was significantly higher in summer than that estimated in winter. Calcium and magnesium were accumulated in
considerable amounts. Ca+2 was the main accumulated cation whereas its concentration were higher than magnesium. Z. spinosa
accumulated more sulphates in summer than in winter. Phosphates appeared in low amounts in all the investigated plants. In L. pyrotechnica
tissue, Na+ concentration correlated negatively with those found in soil during summer. In winter Na+ and SO4 correlated positively and K+
correlated negatively in Z. spinosa. The studied species showed slightly increase in soluble sugars accumulation. Soluble protein content in Z.
spinosa and L. pyrotechnica decreased significantly during winter season. Amino acids content was low and varied between the two
investigated species. It seemed that the Z. spinosa is better adapted than L. pyrotechnica to drought conditions, prevailing in the area under
study. This judgement can be concluded by the average metabolic potentiality in the species, whereas soluble metabolites (soluble sugars
and soluble proteins) were relatively much higher than in the case of L. pyrotechnica.

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