An epitome for dispersion and buffering in a photonic crystal was set forth. Slots in the form of a line of contacted steeple-houses are implanted in a two-line photonic crystal waveguide (2LPCW) to form an irregular slot of steeple-house defect PCW (SDPCW) to realize bandwidth expanding and a significant regulator for group delay (GD), group velocity dispersion (GVD) and group delay dispersion (GDD) effects. The SDPCW was compared with other types of defects reported in this study and in the literature previously, we fulfilled the highest favorable value of buffering capacity about 210.256 bits. Furthermore, low GDD is achieved in the range from 1 p s 2 to 10 p s 2 for 1mm delay line length. The SDPCW may be appropriate for the workable application, which has a utility in coupling enhancement between the cavities as it was observed from the field distribution detected over confined spatial light along the …

Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), called copper-terephthalate, and CuO@C were investigated as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) via hydrogenation using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. Copper-terephthalate frameworks were synthesized using the solvothermal method. While, CuO@C was synthesized using carbonization of copper-terephthalate at temperature of 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C. Both materials displayed a complete reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in a short time (3 min) with a rate of 15.1× 10−3 min−1, and 6.0× 10−3 min-1 at room temperature for CuBDC, and CuO@C, respectively. The materials could be used for more than five times without obvious fading in their catalytic activities. The mechanism of the reduction was also discussed. The materials are promising for catalytic applications such as organic synthesis via the reduction of the nitro groups.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), called copper-terephthalate, and CuO@C were investigated as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) via hydrogenation using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. Copper-terephthalate frameworks were synthesized using the solvothermal method. While, CuO@C was synthesized using carbonization of copper-terephthalate at temperature of 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C. Both materials displayed a complete reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in a short time (3 min) with a rate of 15.1× 10−3 min−1, and 6.0× 10−3 min-1 at room temperature for CuBDC, and CuO@C, respectively. The materials could be used for more than five times without obvious fading in their catalytic activities. The mechanism of the reduction was also discussed. The materials are promising for catalytic applications such as organic synthesis via the reduction of the nitro groups.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), called copper-terephthalate, and CuO@C were investigated as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) via hydrogenation using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. Copper-terephthalate frameworks were synthesized using the solvothermal method. While, CuO@C was synthesized using carbonization of copper-terephthalate at temperature of 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C. Both materials displayed a complete reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in a short time (3 min) with a rate of 15.1× 10−3 min−1, and 6.0× 10−3 min-1 at room temperature for CuBDC, and CuO@C, respectively. The materials could be used for more than five times without obvious fading in their catalytic activities. The mechanism of the reduction was also discussed. The materials are promising for catalytic applications such as organic synthesis via the reduction of the nitro groups.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), called copper-terephthalate, and CuO@C were investigated as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) via hydrogenation using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. Copper-terephthalate frameworks were synthesized using the solvothermal method. While, CuO@C was synthesized using carbonization of copper-terephthalate at temperature of 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C. Both materials displayed a complete reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in a short time (3 min) with a rate of 15.1× 10−3 min−1, and 6.0× 10−3 min-1 at room temperature for CuBDC, and CuO@C, respectively. The materials could be used for more than five times without obvious fading in their catalytic activities. The mechanism of the reduction was also discussed. The materials are promising for catalytic applications such as organic synthesis via the reduction of the nitro groups.

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The current study investigated the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) and oxytetracycline (OTC) supplementation on
broilers’ behavior, performance, carcass quality, biochemical parameters, and intestinal microbial populations and birds’ response to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. A total of 336 seven-day-old IR broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six dietary
treatments containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm ZONPs or 50 ppm OTC. Each diet was fed to 7 replicates (8 birds/pen). The
results clarified that 10 ppm ZONPs significantly improved the body weight gain and feed conversion in comparison to the
control. No changes in behavior were recorded. The 10 ppm and 30 ppm ZONPs and OTC significantly reduced the gizzard
weight in comparison to the control. While, 10 ppm ZONPs significantly increased the spleen weight, and all ZONPs doses
increased bursa weight in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 20 ppm ZONPs increased the eviscerated yield and edible
yield in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 40 ppm ZONPs increased pH, reduced meat color and overall acceptability in
comparison to the control. In addition, results revealed that the 20 ppm ZONPs increased Calcium (Ca), High density low
cholesterol (HDL-C), reduced urea (UA) and triglyceride (TG). Also, 40 ppm ZONPs and OTC increased creatinine (Cr) and
reduced ND-HI titer in comparison to the control. For microbial population, OTC group was significantly lower than ZONPs
groups in the total anaerobic, aerobic and lactobacilli count. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of ZONPs can be applied as
antibiotic growth promoter substitutions in broilers’ diet. However, further investigations are still needed.

The current study investigated the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) and oxytetracycline (OTC) supplementation on
broilers’ behavior, performance, carcass quality, biochemical parameters, and intestinal microbial populations and birds’ response to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. A total of 336 seven-day-old IR broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six dietary
treatments containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm ZONPs or 50 ppm OTC. Each diet was fed to 7 replicates (8 birds/pen). The
results clarified that 10 ppm ZONPs significantly improved the body weight gain and feed conversion in comparison to the
control. No changes in behavior were recorded. The 10 ppm and 30 ppm ZONPs and OTC significantly reduced the gizzard
weight in comparison to the control. While, 10 ppm ZONPs significantly increased the spleen weight, and all ZONPs doses
increased bursa weight in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 20 ppm ZONPs increased the eviscerated yield and edible
yield in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 40 ppm ZONPs increased pH, reduced meat color and overall acceptability in
comparison to the control. In addition, results revealed that the 20 ppm ZONPs increased Calcium (Ca), High density low
cholesterol (HDL-C), reduced urea (UA) and triglyceride (TG). Also, 40 ppm ZONPs and OTC increased creatinine (Cr) and
reduced ND-HI titer in comparison to the control. For microbial population, OTC group was significantly lower than ZONPs
groups in the total anaerobic, aerobic and lactobacilli count. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of ZONPs can be applied as
antibiotic growth promoter substitutions in broilers’ diet. However, further investigations are still needed.

The current study investigated the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) and oxytetracycline (OTC) supplementation on
broilers’ behavior, performance, carcass quality, biochemical parameters, and intestinal microbial populations and birds’ response to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. A total of 336 seven-day-old IR broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six dietary
treatments containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm ZONPs or 50 ppm OTC. Each diet was fed to 7 replicates (8 birds/pen). The
results clarified that 10 ppm ZONPs significantly improved the body weight gain and feed conversion in comparison to the
control. No changes in behavior were recorded. The 10 ppm and 30 ppm ZONPs and OTC significantly reduced the gizzard
weight in comparison to the control. While, 10 ppm ZONPs significantly increased the spleen weight, and all ZONPs doses
increased bursa weight in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 20 ppm ZONPs increased the eviscerated yield and edible
yield in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 40 ppm ZONPs increased pH, reduced meat color and overall acceptability in
comparison to the control. In addition, results revealed that the 20 ppm ZONPs increased Calcium (Ca), High density low
cholesterol (HDL-C), reduced urea (UA) and triglyceride (TG). Also, 40 ppm ZONPs and OTC increased creatinine (Cr) and
reduced ND-HI titer in comparison to the control. For microbial population, OTC group was significantly lower than ZONPs
groups in the total anaerobic, aerobic and lactobacilli count. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of ZONPs can be applied as
antibiotic growth promoter substitutions in broilers’ diet. However, further investigations are still needed.

The current study investigated the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) and oxytetracycline (OTC) supplementation on
broilers’ behavior, performance, carcass quality, biochemical parameters, and intestinal microbial populations and birds’ response to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. A total of 336 seven-day-old IR broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six dietary
treatments containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm ZONPs or 50 ppm OTC. Each diet was fed to 7 replicates (8 birds/pen). The
results clarified that 10 ppm ZONPs significantly improved the body weight gain and feed conversion in comparison to the
control. No changes in behavior were recorded. The 10 ppm and 30 ppm ZONPs and OTC significantly reduced the gizzard
weight in comparison to the control. While, 10 ppm ZONPs significantly increased the spleen weight, and all ZONPs doses
increased bursa weight in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 20 ppm ZONPs increased the eviscerated yield and edible
yield in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 40 ppm ZONPs increased pH, reduced meat color and overall acceptability in
comparison to the control. In addition, results revealed that the 20 ppm ZONPs increased Calcium (Ca), High density low
cholesterol (HDL-C), reduced urea (UA) and triglyceride (TG). Also, 40 ppm ZONPs and OTC increased creatinine (Cr) and
reduced ND-HI titer in comparison to the control. For microbial population, OTC group was significantly lower than ZONPs
groups in the total anaerobic, aerobic and lactobacilli count. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of ZONPs can be applied as
antibiotic growth promoter substitutions in broilers’ diet. However, further investigations are still needed.