Since its identification in the vitreous humour of the eye and laboratory biosynthesis, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been a vital component in several pharmaceutical, nutritional, medicinal, and cosmetic uses. However, little is known about its potential toxicological impacts on aquatic inhabitants. Herein, we investigated the hematological response of Clarias gariepinus to nominal doses of HA. To achieve this objective, 72 adult fish were randomly and evenly distributed into four groups: control, low-dose (0.5 mg/l HA), medium-dose (10 mg/l HA), and high-dose (100 mg/l HA) groups for two weeks each during both the exposure and recovery periods. The findings confirmed presence of anemia, neutrophilia, leucopoenia, lymphopenia, and eosinophilia at the end of exposure to HA. In addition, poikilocytosis and a variety of cytomorphological disturbances were observed. Dose-dependent histological alterations in spleen …

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a critical condition characterized by rapid liver dysfunction, leading to high mortality rates. Current treatments are limited, primarily supportive, and often require liver transplantation. This study investigates the potential of a novel nanoparticle formulation of glutathione (GSH) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) alone and in combination to enhance therapeutic outcomes in a rat model of ALF induced by orogastric carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄).

Methods

The study employed adult male Albino rats divided into ten groups, with ALF induced via a single oral dose of CCl₄. Various treatment regimens were administered over seven days, including conventional and nanoparticle forms of GSH and VCO and their combinations. The efficacy of treatments was evaluated through biochemical analysis of liver function markers, oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory biomarkers, and histopathological …

In acute renal failure (ARF), the glomerular filtration rate is reduced, and nitrogenous waste products accumulate persistently, which can last anywhere from a few hours to several days. There is hope for a reversal of the rapid loss of renal function caused by this condition. This study, with gentamicin-induced acute ARF as a prospective setting, sets out to examine the reno-protective benefits of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and GSH. Furthermore, the study evaluated the effect of medication nanoparticle compositions on several kidney function markers. The induction of ARF is achieved with the intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin. To assess renal function, rats underwent 24 h of dehydration and hunger before their deaths. The study examined various aspects, including kidney function tests, markers of oxidative stress, histology of kidney tissue, inflammatory cytokines, immunohistochemistry expression of nuclear factor …

This study is the first to report the foliar and stem epidermal micro-morphology of 13 taxa of Indigofera L. (Fabaceae) using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micro-morphological characteristics studied here are related to the epidermal cell shape, size, frequency, anticlinal wall pattern, and stomatal complex types, size, position, frequency, and index. The study revealed 19 major normal stomatal types with eight subtypes and seven major abnormal stomatal types with 13 subtypes. The stomatal index was lower on the abaxial leaf surface than on the adaxial surface. Notably, the adaxial surface of I. hochstetteri had the highest stomatal index (27.46%), while the abaxial surface of I. oblongifolia had the lowest (9.95%). The adaxial surface of I. hochstetteri also displayed the highest average stomatal frequency (38.67), while the adaxial surface of I. spinosa had the lowest average frequency (9.37 …

Valacyclovir (VAL), as a prodrug to acyclovir antiviral agent, has recently held a lot of interest for its efficacy boosting owing to the significant improvement in bioavailability. This makes it a successful candidate in the management of herpes simplex strains as well as CORONA viruses. In this work a carbon nano dot-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been optimized as potentiometric sensor for the assay of VAL through a systematic approach. A mixture components of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane have been selected and fine-tuned for optimum sensitivity and selectivity. The best results have been obtained by drop casting a blend in % w/w of PVC; 30.85, tricrasyl phosphate (TCP) as plasticizer; 64.32, phosphotungstic acid (PT) as cation exchanger; 1.61 and phosphorus – nitrogen-doped carbon nano-dots (PNCDs); 3.22 over the GCE. The density function theory (DFT) calculations have been applied …

Developing efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts using transition metals (TMs) is critical for enhancing electrocatalytic water splitting. This study examines the OER performance of Fe–Ni–S layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanostructures with sulfate-ion intercalation in various hierarchical configurations. These LDH hierarchical structures are electrodeposited in different processes, including one-step electrodeposition of FeS nanoflakes, NiS nanoflowers, and FeNiS nanoflowers, as well as two-step electrodeposition of FeNiS@NiS nanoflakes and FeNiS@FeS nanoflowers. The variation in heterostructure configurations considerably influences the morphology of the electrodeposited films, promoting the formation of interfacial synergy pathways between various active bonding states. The hierarchical FeNiS@FeS LDH nanoflowers demonstrate the optimal hetero structure combination for enhanced OER performance, exhibiting low overpotentials of 226 and 234 mV to reach current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm 2 , respectively, and a low Tafel slope of 27 mV•dec LDH structures exhibit high stability for 50 h at 50 mA cm 2 1 . All hierarchical . Notably, the fabricated FeNiS@FeS LDH nano f lowers outperform those reported in previous studies.