This work describes the synthesis of Fe-doped mesoporous anatase and brookite polymorphs of TiO₂ in the occurrence of P-123 surfactant at varying Fe³⁺ ions contents (0.5–2%). The photocatalytic performance of the newly synthesized Fe–TiO₂ was evaluated for phenol degradation compared to the parent TiO₂, commercial P25 and 2%Fe–P25 under the solar simulator. XRD and TEM results illustrated that the construction of TiO₂ NPs with brookite and anatase phases and the diameter of 10 nm was achieved. The surface area of 2%Fe–TiO₂ NPs (100 m²/g) revealed a large two times compared to that of P25 (50 m²/g). Interestingly, the optimum 2%Fe–TiO₂ photocatalyst exhibited complete degradation phenol within 40 min, and it was two times greater than that bare TiO₂ and commercial P25 under simulated solar light. The rate constant for degradation of phenol over 2% Fe–TiO₂ was enhanced 5.5 and 2.93 folds than that P25 and bare TiO₂ NPs. The photocatalytic enhancement performance of Fe–TiO₂ photocatalyst was supposedly created from the got better utilization of the visible light range. This is because Fe³⁺ ions can serve as a transient capturing site for photoinduced hole-electron, which suppressed the charge carriers' recombination and extended their lifetime. Photoelectrochemical measurements such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry were conducted to verify and confirm the photocatalytic performance of the newly synthesized photocatalysts

The resources of clean water worldwide are very limited, and climate change is already affecting the available supplies. Therefore, developing a low-cost, highly efficient, and recyclable adsorbent to upgrade water quality has become an essential task. Herein, we report the fabrication of activated carbon (AC) adsorbents derived from lignocellulosic wastes. Both physical and chemical activation were investigated to modify the surface texture properties. The results indicated that increasing the activation temperature, whether physically or chemically, increases the specific surface area (S_BET). On the contrary, increasing the amount of the chemical activating agent significantly decreases the S_BET values. The S_BET of 1771, 2120, and 2490 m² g⁻¹ were obtained for water vapor, K₂CO₃ and KOH, at activation temperatures of 950 °C, 800 °C, and 800 °C, respectively. Methylene blue (MB) and phenol were used as adsorbates for the adsorption experiment. Adsorption of methylene blue dye revealed the ability of the water activated carbon to remove more than 95% of the dye (100 ppm) within 5 min with an adsorption capacity of 148.8 mg g⁻¹. For phenol adsorption, Several parameters were investigated, including initial concentration (50–250 ppm), pH (2–10), contact time (5–60 min), and temperature (25–45 °C). The highest adsorption capacity of phenol achieved was 158.9 mg g⁻¹. The kinetics of adsorption of phenol was better described by pseudo-second-order reaction while the isotherm process using Langmuir model. This study presents a roadmap for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass waste into highly efficient porous carbon adsorbents.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most common subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the colon and is characterized by severe intestinal inflammation. Canagliflozin is a widely used antihyperglycemic agent, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that enhances urinary glucose excretion. This study aims to provide insights into the potential benefits of canagliflozin as a treatment for UC by addressing possible cellular signals. Acetic acid (AA; 4% v/v) was administered intrarectally to induce colitis. Canagliflozin is given orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Canagliflozin attenuates inflammation in AA-induced colitis, evidenced by significant and dose-dependently downregulation of p38 MAPK, NF-κB-p65, IKK, IRF3, and NADPH-oxidase as well as colonic levels of IL-6 and IL-1β and MPO enzymatic activity. Canagliflozin mitigates colonic oxidative stress by decreasing MDA content and restoring SOD enzymatic activities and GSH levels mediated by co-activating of Nrf2, PPARγ, and SIRT1 pathways. Moreover, an in-silicostudy confirmed that canagliflozin was specific to all target proteins in this study. Canagliflozin's binding affinity with its target proteins indicates and confirms its effectiveness in regulating these pathways. Also, network pharmacology analysis supported that canagliflozin potently attenuates UC via a multi-target and multi-pathway approach.

In this study, we successfully used the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to prepare three novel conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) that include tetraphenylethene (TPE): TPE-Ph-Th, TPE-Ph-Tha, and TPE-Ph-BSu. Using methods like FTIR and solid-state NMR, we examined the chemical composition and functional groups in the TPE-Ph CMPs. The TPE-Ph-BSu CMP's thermal characteristics were also examined, and they showed remarkable features with a decomposition temperature (T_d10) of 535 °C and a char yield of 73 wt%. We also looked at TPE-Ph-Th CMP, which had a pore size of 2.0 nm and a surface area (S_BET) of 67 m² g⁻¹. We carried out photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemical investigations to evaluate the potential of TPE-Ph CMPs for supercapacitor applications and their capability to detect p-nitrophenol (PNP). According to our electrochemical investigation, the TPE-Ph-Tha and TPE-Ph-BSu CMPs both exhibited exceptional capacitance, reaching 51 and 52 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, even after 5000 cycles, these CMPs still retained 80% of their capacitance, demonstrating their remarkable capacitance retention. In conclusion, synthetic TPE-Ph CMPs have several benefits, including outstanding electrochemical performance and thermal stability. Additionally, they successfully detect PNP using fluorescence-based sensing without interference, making them adaptable materials suited for a variety of applications, including the detection of pollutants (as PNP has shown) and the usage of supercapacitors.

The development of biodegradable and active cellulosic-based heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of different organic compounds would be attractive in pharmaceutical and petrochemical-related industries. Herein, a post-sulfonated composite of one-pot synthesized magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was used as an effective and easily separable heterogeneous catalyst for activating the Knoevenagel and Thorpe–Ziegler reactions. The composite was developed hydrothermally from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), iron chlorides, urea, and hydrochloric acid at 180 °C for 20 h in a one-pot reaction. After collecting the magnetic CNCs (MCNCs), post-sulfonation was performed using chlorosulfonic acid (ClSO₃H) in DMF at room temperature producing sulfonated MCNCs (SMCNCs). The results confirmed the presence of sulfonated Fe₃O₄ and CNCs with a hydrodynamic size of 391 nm (±25). The presence of cellulose was beneficial for preventing Fe₃O₄ oxidation or the formation of agglomerations without requiring the presence of capping agents, organic solvents, or an inert environment. The SMCNC catalyst was applied to activate the Knoevenagel condensation and the Thorpe–Ziegler reaction with determining the optimal reaction conditions. The presence of the SMCNC catalyst facilitated these transformations under green procedures, which enabled us to synthesize a new series of olefins and thienopyridines, and the yields of some isolated olefins and thienopyridines were up to 99% and 95%, respectively. Besides, the catalyst was stable for five cycles without a significant decrease in its reactivity, and the mechanistic routes of both reactions on the SMCNCs were postulated.

The interest in applying plasma catalysis for various applications is significantly growing; therefore, a rapid discovery and optimization of catalysts in the plasma system is highly demanded. In this study, a new operando infrared (IR) thermography system was developed for high-throughput screening of the catalytic reactivity in ozone-assisted oxidation under realistic operating conditions. In the developed system, the gas flow was maintained under laminar conditions in a flow-through catalyst bed using a porous disc, and the enthalpy of the system was directly correlated with the catalyst activity. The performance of the developed system was confirmed for ozone decomposition and CO oxidation over different metal loaded-TiO₂ catalysts at wide operating parameters. Among four metals tested, Ag exhibited the highest activity for both ozone decomposition and CO oxidation, and its loading amount clearly corresponded with the CO oxidation rate and temperature increase measured by the operando IR thermography. Meanwhile, Mn had poor activity for CO oxidation, despite its high activity for ozone decomposition. Therefore, the operando IR thermography provided a rapid screening and deep understanding of catalysts for ozone-assisted oxidation. Unlike conventional point temperature measurements, IR thermography provides a two-dimensional temperature distribution in the catalyst, which can be sensitive in detecting undesirable “hot-spot” formation. Hence, the developed system can be used as a tool for reaction engineering and catalyst design and development.

At two distinctive habitats, the chlorophyll contents (Chl.), its thermostability (CSI) and some metabolic substances in four shrubs were studied. The obtained results revealed that, the Chl. content, Chl. a/b ratio and CSI were variables among the investigated species in response to seasonality, habitat, species and their interactions. Generally, the low Chl. contents were accompanied by an increased in CSI. Statistically, the single factors and their interactions had significant effects on the investigated constituents of plants with some exceptions. It was found that, the seasonality was greatly affected the Chlb, Chl. a/b ratio and total chlorophyll. The species factor had a major role on the Chla and CSI. The same was true in case of the rest constituents in plant tissues, whereas the habitat factor had a dominant role on Mg+2. The results showed that the C. procera was the highest in chlorophyll stability to heat and the lowest in the amount of chlorophyll, and vice versa was in the O. europaea plant. The correlations between CSI and free amino acids were significantly positive. Also, the Chl. contents were positively correlated with soluble sugars. Within species, the specific correlations between different chlorophyll parameters and other components in plant tissues were discussed.

The huge applications of cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials in the various fields of life lead to accumulation of its wastes that became one of the major sources of environmental pollution. In this study, a Gram-positive cellulose-decomposing endophytic bacterium (Chi-04) was isolated from medicinal plant Chiliadenus montanus which inhabitant Saint Catherine (Sinai) region in Egypt. The bacterial strain was identified based on the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes as Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus. This isolate was capable of degrading 58% of cellulosic filter paper (100 g/l) within 15 days of incubation. The soluble and reduced sugars were spectrophotometrically determined as cellulose decomposition metabolites. The bacterial isolate exhibited an obvious activity toward cellulase enzyme production. The maximum cellulase activity (0.18 U/min) was detected after 12 days of incubation while the …

To discriminate the specific response of ion toxicity versus osmotic stress on altering leaf solute contents, contributing of organic and/or inorganic components in osmotic adjustment and its reflection on plant performances under ionic and osmotic stresses, two cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) cultivars, Giza 90 and Giza 83, were subjected to iso-osmotic concentration (–0.57 and–1.05 MPa) created by; NaCl, KCl and polyethylene glycol-6000. The three used osmotica altered seedling length, chlorophyll, leaf dry weight, relative water content, organic and inorganic solutes and proline. Contribution of organic solutes to osmotic adjustment tittered among the two cultivars, it was higher in PEG˃ KCl˃ NaCl in Giza 83, suggesting that the character of osmotic adjustment via salt attuned to high yield with moderate ion toxicity is effectively achieved by KCl than NaCl. At high-stress intensities, regardless to cultivar, the salt stress-induced nutritional imbalance, leaf chlorosis than osmotic stress that could be attributed to specific ion toxicity, not to osmotic stress of salt. In salt sensible cultivar only NaCl, among different osmotica, reduced leaf K+ content implying that avoidance of Na-induced K+ deficiency in leaf might stimulate salt tolerance in cotton. In our study, the capacity of plants to regulate their metabolic and physiological functions had superiority in water stress tolerance rather than osmotic adjustment.