Anewseries of poly(hydrazone–ether)swas synthesized from 3,4-dimethylthieno [2,3-b] thiophene-2, 5-dicarbohydrazide, II and 4,4-diformyl-α, ω-diphenoxyalkanes or 4,4-diformyl -2,2-dimethoxy -α, ω-diphenoxyalkanes. The inherent viscosities of the polymers were in the range 0.22 – 0.56 dIg−1. Majority of the polymers were soluble in concentrated H2SO4. Their thermotropic liquid crystalline properties were examined by DSC, an optical polarizing microscopy using a hot stage and thermogravimetric analyses. The polymers exhibited almost thermotropic liquid crystalline properties. In most cases, the mesophases extended up to 430◦C, where thermal decomposition prevented further observation.

Anewseries of poly(hydrazone–ether)swas synthesized from 3,4-dimethylthieno [2,3-b] thiophene-2, 5-dicarbohydrazide, II and 4,4-diformyl-α, ω-diphenoxyalkanes or 4,4-diformyl -2,2-dimethoxy -α, ω-diphenoxyalkanes. The inherent viscosities of the polymers were in the range 0.22 – 0.56 dIg−1. Majority of the polymers were soluble in concentrated H2SO4. Their thermotropic liquid crystalline properties were examined by DSC, an optical polarizing microscopy using a hot stage and thermogravimetric analyses. The polymers exhibited almost thermotropic liquid crystalline properties. In most cases, the mesophases extended up to 430◦C, where thermal decomposition prevented further observation.

Anewseries of poly(hydrazone–ether)swas synthesized from 3,4-dimethylthieno [2,3-b] thiophene-2, 5-dicarbohydrazide, II and 4,4-diformyl-α, ω-diphenoxyalkanes or 4,4-diformyl -2,2-dimethoxy -α, ω-diphenoxyalkanes. The inherent viscosities of the polymers were in the range 0.22 – 0.56 dIg−1. Majority of the polymers were soluble in concentrated H2SO4. Their thermotropic liquid crystalline properties were examined by DSC, an optical polarizing microscopy using a hot stage and thermogravimetric analyses. The polymers exhibited almost thermotropic liquid crystalline properties. In most cases, the mesophases extended up to 430◦C, where thermal decomposition prevented further observation.

Anewseries of poly(hydrazone–ether)swas synthesized from 3,4-dimethylthieno [2,3-b] thiophene-2, 5-dicarbohydrazide, II and 4,4-diformyl-α, ω-diphenoxyalkanes or 4,4-diformyl -2,2-dimethoxy -α, ω-diphenoxyalkanes. The inherent viscosities of the polymers were in the range 0.22 – 0.56 dIg−1. Majority of the polymers were soluble in concentrated H2SO4. Their thermotropic liquid crystalline properties were examined by DSC, an optical polarizing microscopy using a hot stage and thermogravimetric analyses. The polymers exhibited almost thermotropic liquid crystalline properties. In most cases, the mesophases extended up to 430◦C, where thermal decomposition prevented further observation.

Biological control of Fusarium salani (Mart) Sacc. and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid causing wilt and charcoal rot diseases of Sesame (Sesamum indicum Linn) was studied in vitro as well as under pot conditions. Culture technique showed that the addition of intact Nostoc sp SAG2306 or its sonicate inhibited the radial mycelial growth of the test pathogens. Application of Nostoc sonicates resulted in the lowest infection percentage (11.11 % and 17.78 % of Fusarium and Macrophomina respectively) whereas in the control it was 95.55%. Under pot conditions, plant height, fresh and dry weight of plants was found to increase significantly as a result of the inhibition of fungal by Nostoc. Similar results were observed in chlorophyll (ch.la&ch.lb) content of the treated plants. Infection enhanced proline accumulation that was lowered upon Nostoc addition; indicating alleviation of infection ascribed stress.

Biological control of Fusarium salani (Mart) Sacc. and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid causing wilt and charcoal rot diseases of Sesame (Sesamum indicum Linn) was studied in vitro as well as under pot conditions. Culture technique showed that the addition of intact Nostoc sp SAG2306 or its sonicate inhibited the radial mycelial growth of the test pathogens. Application of Nostoc sonicates resulted in the lowest infection percentage (11.11 % and 17.78 % of Fusarium and Macrophomina respectively) whereas in the control it was 95.55%. Under pot conditions, plant height, fresh and dry weight of plants was found to increase significantly as a result of the inhibition of fungal by Nostoc. Similar results were observed in chlorophyll (ch.la&ch.lb) content of the treated plants. Infection enhanced proline accumulation that was lowered upon Nostoc addition; indicating alleviation of infection ascribed stress.

Biological control of Fusarium salani (Mart) Sacc. and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid causing wilt and charcoal rot diseases of Sesame (Sesamum indicum Linn) was studied in vitro as well as under pot conditions. Culture technique showed that the addition of intact Nostoc sp SAG2306 or its sonicate inhibited the radial mycelial growth of the test pathogens. Application of Nostoc sonicates resulted in the lowest infection percentage (11.11 % and 17.78 % of Fusarium and Macrophomina respectively) whereas in the control it was 95.55%. Under pot conditions, plant height, fresh and dry weight of plants was found to increase significantly as a result of the inhibition of fungal by Nostoc. Similar results were observed in chlorophyll (ch.la&ch.lb) content of the treated plants. Infection enhanced proline accumulation that was lowered upon Nostoc addition; indicating alleviation of infection ascribed stress.

We present a novel numerical method based on domain decomposition for the simulation of 3D geophysical marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) measurements. Parts of the computational domain where it is reasonable to represent geoelectric properties in 2D, are discretized combining 2D mixed finite elements (FE) and Fourier expansion. The remaining part is discretized utilizing standard 3D FE methods. The method delivers high-accuracy simulations of marine CSEM problems with arbitrary 3D geometries while it considerably reduces the computational complexity of full 3D FE simulations for typical marine CSEM problems. For the particular scenarios considered in this work, the total CPU time required by the novel method is reduced approximately by a factor of five with respect to that needed by full 3D FE formulations.

We examined vegetation composition and its relation to environmen­ tal variables in the Sidlum area along the mediterranean coastal land of Egypt. The study area lies between 25° 09'-25° 35'E and 31° 32'­ 31° 15' N (about 1700knr), and extendi-.!or about 49 km between Buqbuq and Sallum on the egyptian-libyan frontier. It ii' included in the semi-desert vegetation zone with an attenuated desert climate. An analysis of vegetation along environmental gradients that prevail in the study area using the relative importance values of 55 perennials in 53 stands, fOllowed by multivariate data analysis was presented. Altogether, 1// i!JI'cie.' (75 perennials aw!3(, (';/ill,.:l,-) be!riJIo!I/CJ to 92 genera and 34 families of the flowering plancs were recorded~ Asreraceae, Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Liliaceae and Zygophyllaceae were the largest families, and constitute more than 64 % of the total recorded species. Therophytes and chamaephytes were the most frequent, denoting a typical desert lifeform spectrum. Phytochorological analyi'is revealed that 45.2 % of the studied species were uniregional, of which 23 % being native to the saharo-arabian chorotype. It also showed the decrease in the numbers of the Mediterranean species and increase of the saharo-arabian species along N-S direction fOrm the see-shore inwards till the Diffa Plateau. Classification of the vegetation was analysed using TWINSPAN technique resulted in the recognition of five vegetation groups, each of definite floristic composition and environmental characteristics, and could be linked to a specific habitat. Haloxylon salicornicum occupied the fOot of the Diffa Plateau, Haloxylon salicornicum- Thymelaea hirsura characterised the sand plains, Thymelaea hirsura-Anabasis articulara inhabited the non-saline depressions, Haloxylon salicornicum-Auiplex por­ rulacoides characterised the saline depressions and Salsola reuan­ dra-Limoniasrrum monoperalum on the coastal salt marshes. Ordination techniques as DCA and CCA were used to examine the relationship between the vegetation and the studied environmental parameters: electric conductivity (EC), pH, calcium carbonate, mois­ ture content, organic matter, silt, clay, K., Mg;+ and altitude. CCA axis 1 showed significant correlation with clay, moisture content, pH, Ee, K', and altitude, while CCA axis 2 was clearly related to pH, Mg;' and altitude. Species richness was correlated with Mg;., while Shannon index was correlated with Na+ and Mg;+.

We examined vegetation composition and its relation to environmen­ tal variables in the Sidlum area along the mediterranean coastal land of Egypt. The study area lies between 25° 09'-25° 35'E and 31° 32'­ 31° 15' N (about 1700knr), and extendi-.!or about 49 km between Buqbuq and Sallum on the egyptian-libyan frontier. It ii' included in the semi-desert vegetation zone with an attenuated desert climate. An analysis of vegetation along environmental gradients that prevail in the study area using the relative importance values of 55 perennials in 53 stands, fOllowed by multivariate data analysis was presented. Altogether, 1// i!JI'cie.' (75 perennials aw!3(, (';/ill,.:l,-) be!riJIo!I/CJ to 92 genera and 34 families of the flowering plancs were recorded~ Asreraceae, Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Liliaceae and Zygophyllaceae were the largest families, and constitute more than 64 % of the total recorded species. Therophytes and chamaephytes were the most frequent, denoting a typical desert lifeform spectrum. Phytochorological analyi'is revealed that 45.2 % of the studied species were uniregional, of which 23 % being native to the saharo-arabian chorotype. It also showed the decrease in the numbers of the Mediterranean species and increase of the saharo-arabian species along N-S direction fOrm the see-shore inwards till the Diffa Plateau. Classification of the vegetation was analysed using TWINSPAN technique resulted in the recognition of five vegetation groups, each of definite floristic composition and environmental characteristics, and could be linked to a specific habitat. Haloxylon salicornicum occupied the fOot of the Diffa Plateau, Haloxylon salicornicum- Thymelaea hirsura characterised the sand plains, Thymelaea hirsura-Anabasis articulara inhabited the non-saline depressions, Haloxylon salicornicum-Auiplex por­ rulacoides characterised the saline depressions and Salsola reuan­ dra-Limoniasrrum monoperalum on the coastal salt marshes. Ordination techniques as DCA and CCA were used to examine the relationship between the vegetation and the studied environmental parameters: electric conductivity (EC), pH, calcium carbonate, mois­ ture content, organic matter, silt, clay, K., Mg;+ and altitude. CCA axis 1 showed significant correlation with clay, moisture content, pH, Ee, K', and altitude, while CCA axis 2 was clearly related to pH, Mg;' and altitude. Species richness was correlated with Mg;., while Shannon index was correlated with Na+ and Mg;+.