Global decline in frog populations is thought to indicate environmental damage caused by human
activity. Pollution especially chemicals are found to contaminate aquatic ecosystems and their animals
including fish and amphibians during their adult life and sensitive stages of development. Nonylphenol
ethoxylate (NPE) is one of the most dangerous chemicals that are recorded in aquatic environments,
bacterial degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates produces more toxic nonylphenol (NP) which is
estrogenic both on vitro and vivo assays. In present work, the exposure of embryos of Egyptian toad
Bufo regularis to different sublethal doses of 4-nonylphenol (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 μgl-1) resulted in mortality
rate increase and as a result some morphological malformations with histopathological changes in
some organs were revealed. This study indicated the destructive effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the
tadpoles of Egyptian toad.

This study was devoted for H2 production from rotten fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera
L.) by three fermentation stages. A facultative anaerobe, Escherichia coli EGY was used in
first stage to consume O2 and maintain strict anaerobic conditions for a second stage dark
fermentative H2 production by the strictly anaerobic Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.
Subsequently, a third stage photofermentation using Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM 1710 has
been conducted for the H2 production. The maximum total H2 yield of the three stages
(7.8 mol H2 mol
1 sucrose) was obtained when 5 g L
1 of sucrose was supplemented to
fermentor as rotten date fruits. A maximum estimated cumulative H2 yield of the three
stages (162 LH2 kg
1 fresh rotten dates) was estimated at the (5 g L
1) sucrose concentration.
These results suggest that rotten dates can be efficiently used for commercial H2
production. The described protocol did not require addition of a reducing agent or flashing
with argon which both are expensive.

This study was devoted for H2 production from rotten fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera
L.) by three fermentation stages. A facultative anaerobe, Escherichia coli EGY was used in
first stage to consume O2 and maintain strict anaerobic conditions for a second stage dark
fermentative H2 production by the strictly anaerobic Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.
Subsequently, a third stage photofermentation using Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM 1710 has
been conducted for the H2 production. The maximum total H2 yield of the three stages
(7.8 mol H2 mol
1 sucrose) was obtained when 5 g L
1 of sucrose was supplemented to
fermentor as rotten date fruits. A maximum estimated cumulative H2 yield of the three
stages (162 LH2 kg
1 fresh rotten dates) was estimated at the (5 g L
1) sucrose concentration.
These results suggest that rotten dates can be efficiently used for commercial H2
production. The described protocol did not require addition of a reducing agent or flashing
with argon which both are expensive.

This study was devoted for H2 production from rotten fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera
L.) by three fermentation stages. A facultative anaerobe, Escherichia coli EGY was used in
first stage to consume O2 and maintain strict anaerobic conditions for a second stage dark
fermentative H2 production by the strictly anaerobic Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.
Subsequently, a third stage photofermentation using Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM 1710 has
been conducted for the H2 production. The maximum total H2 yield of the three stages
(7.8 mol H2 mol
1 sucrose) was obtained when 5 g L
1 of sucrose was supplemented to
fermentor as rotten date fruits. A maximum estimated cumulative H2 yield of the three
stages (162 LH2 kg
1 fresh rotten dates) was estimated at the (5 g L
1) sucrose concentration.
These results suggest that rotten dates can be efficiently used for commercial H2
production. The described protocol did not require addition of a reducing agent or flashing
with argon which both are expensive.

Spoilage date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits were used as substrate for acetone, butanol
and ethanol (ABE) production by mixed culture of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and
Bacillus subtilis DSM 4451. B. subitlis was used to consume O2 and maintain strict anaerobic
conditions for ABE production by the strictly anaerobic C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824. The
total ABE production of 21.56 g L
1 was achieved at 75 g L
1 spoilage date fruits homogenate.
The maximum ABE productivity of 0.30 g L
1 h
1 and ABE yield of 0.42 were obtained
at 75 g L
1 spoilage date fruits homogenate by mixed culture without addition of a reducing
agent and N2 flushing. Addition of yeast extract (5 g L
1) or ammonium nitrate (1.6 g L
1) to
spoilage date fruits homogenate significantly enhanced ABE production. The combination
of yeast extract and ammonium nitrate markedly increased ABE production. These results
suggest that spoilage date fruits can be efficiently used for commercial ABE production.
The described protocol did not require addition of any costly reducing agent to medium or
flushing with N2 to ensure anaerobic conditions. This will makes the anaerobic fermentation
of date fruits homogenate more economical and reduces the cost of ABE production.

The present study, which was conducted between 2009
and 2010, provides an analysis of the floristic composition,
life forms, phenology, chorological spectrum and
analysis of the vegetation in the deltaic part of Wadi
Qena using multivariate analysis techniques. Twenty-five
stands were sampled to represent, as much as possible,
the vegetation variation in the study area. A total of 54
species (nineteen annuals and 35 perennials) belonging
to 47 genera and nineteen families were recorded. The
largest families were Fabaceae and Brassicaceae (nine
and seven, respectively), Asteraceae and Poaceae (six for
each), Chenopodiaceae (five), and Zygophyllaceae (four).
Therophytes are the predominant life form (37%) followed
by chamaephytes (24%), phanerophytes (18.5%),
hemicryptophytes (9.29%) and cryptophytes (5.5%). Chorological
analysis revealed that Saharo-Arabian (48%)
and the Sudano-Zambezian (19.2%) chorotypes constitute
the main bulk (67.2%) of the total flora of the studied
area. The majority of the perennial species behave
similarly to each other in their phenology, and usually
perennials sprout at the end of February, become leafy in
March, flower in April and produce fruits between April
and July. Three main vegetation groups resulted from
classification of the dominant vegetation. Canonical correspondence
analysis revealed that magnesium, potassium
and pH were the most effective soil variables.

In this paper, estimation of the parameters of a truncated Type I generalized logistic distribution
TTIGL(β, α, τ ), when β = 0, is obtained based on a doubly truncated sample of generalized order statistics.
This model is introduced by [AL-Angary, Truncated logistic distributions as lifetime models,M.Sc. thesis,
Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kindom of Saudi Arabia,1997] and the finite mixture of TTIGL(β, α, τ ) component model studied by [Ateya,Mixtures of logisticdistributions as life-time models. M.Sc. thesis,Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, 2001] and [AL-Hussaini and Ateya, Maximum likelihood estimations under
a mixture of truncated type I generalized logistic components model, J. Stat. Theory Appl. 2(1) (2003), pp. 47–60; AL-Hussaini and Ateya, Bayes estimations under a mixture of truncated type I generalized
logistic components model, J. Stat. Theory Appl. 4(2) (2005), pp. 183–208]. The maximum-likelihood andBayes methods are used in the estimation and then we compare these methods by computing the mean
squared errors of the estimates in both cases considering orderstatistics and upper record values cases. Also, the Bayesian prediction intervals for the future generalized order statistics are computed based on a one-sample scheme