Active interrogation in 235U was demonstrated with LaBr3:Ce scintillation detectors using the nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) technique. An NRF experiment was performed at the High Intensity y-ray Source (HlyS) facility using quasi-monochromatic circularly or linearly polarized y-ray beams. Photons scattered at 90o relative to the incident beam were detected with two different sizes of cylindrical LaBr3:Ce detectors. Clear NRF peaks at 1733 and 1815 keV corresponding to de-excitations to the ground state and/or low-lying levels in 235U were observed within 77 minutes of beam time even under the high background due to the self-activity of LaBr3:Ce and the radioactive decay of 214Bi nuclei existing in the 235U target. The present study shows a possibility of using LaBr3:Ce detector to perform NRF experiments, promoting many options for inspection of special nuclear materials.

Active interrogation in 235U was demonstrated with LaBr3:Ce scintillation detectors using the nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) technique. An NRF experiment was performed at the High Intensity y-ray Source (HlyS) facility using quasi-monochromatic circularly or linearly polarized y-ray beams. Photons scattered at 90o relative to the incident beam were detected with two different sizes of cylindrical LaBr3:Ce detectors. Clear NRF peaks at 1733 and 1815 keV corresponding to de-excitations to the ground state and/or low-lying levels in 235U were observed within 77 minutes of beam time even under the high background due to the self-activity of LaBr3:Ce and the radioactive decay of 214Bi nuclei existing in the 235U target. The present study shows a possibility of using LaBr3:Ce detector to perform NRF experiments, promoting many options for inspection of special nuclear materials.

A nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) experiment was performed on a 235U target with quasi-monochromatic γ-rays at the High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS) facility using a 1733 keV resonant energy. A LaBr3(Ce) detector array consisting of eight cylindrical detectors, each with a length of 7.62 cm and a diameter of 3.81 cm, was implemented in this measurement. Moreover, a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector array consisting of four detectors, each of which has a relative efficiency of 60%, was used as the benchmark for the measurement taken using the LaBr3(Ce) detector array. The integrated cross section of the NRF level, measured with LaBr3(Ce) detectors, showed good agreement with the available data.

A nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) experiment was performed on a 235U target with quasi-monochromatic γ-rays at the High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS) facility using a 1733 keV resonant energy. A LaBr3(Ce) detector array consisting of eight cylindrical detectors, each with a length of 7.62 cm and a diameter of 3.81 cm, was implemented in this measurement. Moreover, a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector array consisting of four detectors, each of which has a relative efficiency of 60%, was used as the benchmark for the measurement taken using the LaBr3(Ce) detector array. The integrated cross section of the NRF level, measured with LaBr3(Ce) detectors, showed good agreement with the available data.

Malathion is one of the most commonly used organophosphorous pesticides worldwide. Gold nanoparticles can be used for the degradation and removal of 10 ppm malathion. The morphology of the prepared gold nanoparticle is characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Photodegradation of malathion on irradiation to different light sources was monitored using different tools such as UV–visible spectra and high-performance liquid chromatography. Photodegradation rate of malathion was enhanced in the presence of gold nanoparticles as a result of surface plasmon phenomena.

Um método versátil e com rápida sensibilidade para a determinação individual e simultânea das drogas anticancerígenas emodina (Em) e irinotecano (Irino) em fluidos biológicos baseados na voltametria de onda quadrada (SWV) utilizando um eletrodo de grafite de lápis renovável (PGE), foi investigado. A acumulação adsortiva controlada de Em e Irino na superfície PGE foi explorada para a determinação de traços de drogas anticancerígenas em fluidos biológicos. Sob as condições experimentais otimizadas como o pH do eletrólito suporte, potencial e tempo de acumulação e parâmetros eletroquímicos, curvas de calibração para análise de traços de Em e Irino individualmente e simultaneamente, mostraram uma excelente resposta linear. Os limites de detecção 5,17 × 10-10 e 1,68 × 10-9 mol L-1 de Em e Irino foram obtidos usando SWV em um PGE, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos mostraram boa estabilidade, reprodutibilidade, repetibilidade e alta recuperação para a determinação de traços das duas drogas em fluidos biológicos. A análise estatística e os dados da curva de calibração para determinação de traços de Em e Irino individualmente, bem como, simultaneamente, são relatados. A rapid sensitive and versatile method for the individual and simultaneous determination of the anticancer drugs emodin (Em) and irinotecan (Irino) in biological fluids based on the square wave voltammetry (SWV) using a renewable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was investigated. Controlled adsorptive accumulation of both Em and Irino on the PGE surface was exploited for trace determination of the anticancer drugs in biological fluids. Under the optimized experimental conditions such as supporting electrolyte pH, accumulation potential and time and electrochemical parameters, calibration curves for trace assay of Em and Irino individually and simultaneously showed an excellent linear response. Limits of detection of 5.17 × 10-10 and 1.68 × 10-9 mol L-1 Em and Irino in bulk form were achieved using SWV at a PGE, respectively. The obtained results showed good stability, reproducibility, repeatability and high recovery to assay of two drugs in biological fluids. The statistical analysis and the calibration curve data for trace determination of Em and Irino individually as well as simultaneously are reported.

Um método versátil e com rápida sensibilidade para a determinação individual e simultânea das drogas anticancerígenas emodina (Em) e irinotecano (Irino) em fluidos biológicos baseados na voltametria de onda quadrada (SWV) utilizando um eletrodo de grafite de lápis renovável (PGE), foi investigado. A acumulação adsortiva controlada de Em e Irino na superfície PGE foi explorada para a determinação de traços de drogas anticancerígenas em fluidos biológicos. Sob as condições experimentais otimizadas como o pH do eletrólito suporte, potencial e tempo de acumulação e parâmetros eletroquímicos, curvas de calibração para análise de traços de Em e Irino individualmente e simultaneamente, mostraram uma excelente resposta linear. Os limites de detecção 5,17 × 10-10 e 1,68 × 10-9 mol L-1 de Em e Irino foram obtidos usando SWV em um PGE, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos mostraram boa estabilidade, reprodutibilidade, repetibilidade e alta recuperação para a determinação de traços das duas drogas em fluidos biológicos. A análise estatística e os dados da curva de calibração para determinação de traços de Em e Irino individualmente, bem como, simultaneamente, são relatados. A rapid sensitive and versatile method for the individual and simultaneous determination of the anticancer drugs emodin (Em) and irinotecan (Irino) in biological fluids based on the square wave voltammetry (SWV) using a renewable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was investigated. Controlled adsorptive accumulation of both Em and Irino on the PGE surface was exploited for trace determination of the anticancer drugs in biological fluids. Under the optimized experimental conditions such as supporting electrolyte pH, accumulation potential and time and electrochemical parameters, calibration curves for trace assay of Em and Irino individually and simultaneously showed an excellent linear response. Limits of detection of 5.17 × 10-10 and 1.68 × 10-9 mol L-1 Em and Irino in bulk form were achieved using SWV at a PGE, respectively. The obtained results showed good stability, reproducibility, repeatability and high recovery to assay of two drugs in biological fluids. The statistical analysis and the calibration curve data for trace determination of Em and Irino individually as well as simultaneously are reported.

The effect of salinity stress on some parameters pertaining to the water relations of three important crop plants, flax (Linum usitatissimum), cotton (Gossypium barbadense) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) was studied. Such parameters investigated were: diurnal patterns of transpiration and relative water content of plants adjusted to different levels of soil osmotic water potential, 1J!s' using osmotica of NaCI and CaCl2 at a fixed sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of l/S' Correlation analyses of obtained data revealed important facts: 1) Both temperature and VPD of air interfere in action with 1J!s in affecting transpiration, the interference magnitude is very high with cotton and not existant with wheat; 2) The osmotic potential of leaves may serve to maintain high relative water content, indicated by the significant positive correlation between both, in flax and cotton (not in wheat); 3) Soil osmotic water potential, 1J!s' induces significant reduction in transpiration rate, the reduction being dependant on evaporative power of air, especially in flax and cotton. The significance of the results obtained, in practical applications, is discussed.

The effect of salinity stress on some parameters pertaining to the water relations of three important crop plants, flax (Linum usitatissimum), cotton (Gossypium barbadense) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) was studied. Such parameters investigated were: diurnal patterns of transpiration and relative water content of plants adjusted to different levels of soil osmotic water potential, 1J!s' using osmotica of NaCI and CaCl2 at a fixed sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of l/S' Correlation analyses of obtained data revealed important facts: 1) Both temperature and VPD of air interfere in action with 1J!s in affecting transpiration, the interference magnitude is very high with cotton and not existant with wheat; 2) The osmotic potential of leaves may serve to maintain high relative water content, indicated by the significant positive correlation between both, in flax and cotton (not in wheat); 3) Soil osmotic water potential, 1J!s' induces significant reduction in transpiration rate, the reduction being dependant on evaporative power of air, especially in flax and cotton. The significance of the results obtained, in practical applications, is discussed.