Eight new photochromic dihydro 5-azaindolizine-linker-conjugates with a terminal ethylene anchoring group have been synthesized via palladium-catalyzed Negishi coupling. Polychromatic light irradiation of the photochromic dihydro 5-azaindolizines (DHAIs) led to ring-opened colored betaines which underwent reversible thermal 1,5-electrocyclization into their corresponding DHAIs in the second domain. The noteworthy multiaddressable photochromic properties are useful for a plethora of new applications for these materials such as anchoring the ethylene group to metal-oxide nanoparticles.

Eight new photochromic dihydro 5-azaindolizine-linker-conjugates with a terminal ethylene anchoring group have been synthesized via palladium-catalyzed Negishi coupling. Polychromatic light irradiation of the photochromic dihydro 5-azaindolizines (DHAIs) led to ring-opened colored betaines which underwent reversible thermal 1,5-electrocyclization into their corresponding DHAIs in the second domain. The noteworthy multiaddressable photochromic properties are useful for a plethora of new applications for these materials such as anchoring the ethylene group to metal-oxide nanoparticles.

Eight new photochromic dihydro 5-azaindolizine-linker-conjugates with a terminal ethylene anchoring group have been synthesized via palladium-catalyzed Negishi coupling. Polychromatic light irradiation of the photochromic dihydro 5-azaindolizines (DHAIs) led to ring-opened colored betaines which underwent reversible thermal 1,5-electrocyclization into their corresponding DHAIs in the second domain. The noteworthy multiaddressable photochromic properties are useful for a plethora of new applications for these materials such as anchoring the ethylene group to metal-oxide nanoparticles.

The superiority of silver-doped titania for photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of organic compounds inspired us to investigate PCO of 1,2-cyclohexanediol. Ag/TiO2 was prepared, characterized (nanosize 19–24 nm) and used for oxidation of 1,2-cyclohexanediol (1) in acetonitrile. The photolysate was analyzed using GC and GC/MS techniques. The PCO products are 2-hydroxylcyclohexanone (2), 1,2-cyclohexandione (3), 2-cyclohexenone(4), cyclohexanone (5), and adipic acid (6).The formation of electron–hole pair at the surface of the catalyst followed by oxidation reactions was the suggested mechanism. Kinetic studies revealed first-order mechanism for PCO of 1 and rate constant (k) =
0.145 h–1. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The superiority of silver-doped titania for photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of organic compounds inspired us to investigate PCO of 1,2-cyclohexanediol. Ag/TiO2 was prepared, characterized (nanosize 19–24 nm) and used for oxidation of 1,2-cyclohexanediol (1) in acetonitrile. The photolysate was analyzed using GC and GC/MS techniques. The PCO products are 2-hydroxylcyclohexanone (2), 1,2-cyclohexandione (3), 2-cyclohexenone(4), cyclohexanone (5), and adipic acid (6).The formation of electron–hole pair at the surface of the catalyst followed by oxidation reactions was the suggested mechanism. Kinetic studies revealed first-order mechanism for PCO of 1 and rate constant (k) =
0.145 h–1. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The superiority of silver-doped titania for photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of organic compounds inspired us to investigate PCO of 1,2-cyclohexanediol. Ag/TiO2 was prepared, characterized (nanosize 19–24 nm) and used for oxidation of 1,2-cyclohexanediol (1) in acetonitrile. The photolysate was analyzed using GC and GC/MS techniques. The PCO products are 2-hydroxylcyclohexanone (2), 1,2-cyclohexandione (3), 2-cyclohexenone(4), cyclohexanone (5), and adipic acid (6).The formation of electron–hole pair at the surface of the catalyst followed by oxidation reactions was the suggested mechanism. Kinetic studies revealed first-order mechanism for PCO of 1 and rate constant (k) =
0.145 h–1. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The superiority of silver-doped titania for photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of organic compounds inspired us to investigate PCO of 1,2-cyclohexanediol. Ag/TiO2 was prepared, characterized (nanosize 19–24 nm) and used for oxidation of 1,2-cyclohexanediol (1) in acetonitrile. The photolysate was analyzed using GC and GC/MS techniques. The PCO products are 2-hydroxylcyclohexanone (2), 1,2-cyclohexandione (3), 2-cyclohexenone(4), cyclohexanone (5), and adipic acid (6).The formation of electron–hole pair at the surface of the catalyst followed by oxidation reactions was the suggested mechanism. Kinetic studies revealed first-order mechanism for PCO of 1 and rate constant (k) =
0.145 h–1. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

LaBr3:Ce scintillating detectors exhibit excellent properties for γ-ray spectroscopy such as high energy resolution and operation under room temperature as well as MHz counting rates. On the other hand, sever background radiations exist due to the internal contamination of radioactive materials that are very difficult to be avoided during the manufacture. To decrease the effect of these background levels, some analytical techniques, e.g. background subtraction, should be applied. In the present work, we investigate the efficiency of the sensitive nonlinear iterative clipping peak (SNIP) method for background estimation and subtraction. Optimization of the clipping window is discussed for range of energy up to 3 MeV. Enhancement of energy resolution up to 50% was obtained.

LaBr3:Ce scintillating detectors exhibit excellent properties for γ-ray spectroscopy such as high energy resolution and operation under room temperature as well as MHz counting rates. On the other hand, sever background radiations exist due to the internal contamination of radioactive materials that are very difficult to be avoided during the manufacture. To decrease the effect of these background levels, some analytical techniques, e.g. background subtraction, should be applied. In the present work, we investigate the efficiency of the sensitive nonlinear iterative clipping peak (SNIP) method for background estimation and subtraction. Optimization of the clipping window is discussed for range of energy up to 3 MeV. Enhancement of energy resolution up to 50% was obtained.