Urinary incontinence is more common with ageing. Aim: to assess nurses' knowledge and practice about elderly with urinary incontinence. Research design: Descriptive research design was used in the study. Setting: the study was carried out in the Urology, Neurology, Coronary department and the Private sector at Assiut University Hospital. A convenient sample was used. And included all nurses in previous mentioned settings. Total number were 243 nurses. Two tools:- Tool I: Interview questionnaire sheet:- included 2 parts: First part included personal characteristics. Second part included: questions to measure nurses' knowledge about urinary incontinence. Tool II: urinary incontinence scale to assess urinary incontinence nursing practice. Results: 66.3% of the studied nurses were diploma. 69.1% of them had fair knowledge score, and only 14% of them had good knowledge score, 70.8% of nurses had faire in practice score. Conclusion: There are statistical significant differences between nurses' total score of knowledge about urinary incontinence and their total score of practice in caring elderly patient with urinary incontinence (p<0.01). Recommendation: Continued nursing education and in service training programs on unit should be well organized at Assiut University to upgrade the nurses' knowledge and practicing skills regarding elderly urinary incontinence.
Keywords: Elderly, Urinary, Incontinence, Knowledge, Nurses & Practices.

Abstract: The annual number of unsafe abortions is increasing due to the growing number of women of reproductive
age globally, according to the World Health Organization. The WHO estimated 21.6 million unsafe abortions in
2008. The aim of the study was to assess the hospital rate of abortion for one year at the Woman’s Health Hospital,
Assiut University, Egypt and to assess the knowledge of post abortion women about the timing of fertility return and
their intention for using post abortion family planning methods. Subjects and methods: A Cross Sectional study was
used in carrying out this study. The following tool was used in the current study: Structured interviewing
questionnaire which included the following data: Data related to fertility return awareness and the intention of these
women for the future use of family planning methods. Results: The hospital based rate of abortion is 9.4% according
to the hospital statistical based data, 2011. More than half of women (56.7%) didn’t know any type of post abortion
family planning methods, nearly two thirds of them (61.4%) didn’t know the time of fertility return after abortion,
three quarters of women (78.6%) want to postponing childbearing and nearly two thirds of them (62.9%) had no
intention for using post abortion family planning methods. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it
can be concluded that there is a lack of knowledge of these women about the time of fertility return after abortion and
the family planning methods should be used after abortion. Recommendations: In Upper Egypt, there is a need of
postabotion family planning counseling programs as an essential part of postabortion care.
[Ghadah A. Mahmoud and Soad S. Byomy. Fertility awareness and family planning use among post abortion
women in Egypt. Life Sci J 2013;10(1):143-150] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21
Key wards: Unsafe abortion, postabortion, fertility return, family planning.

Intestinal infestations are amongst the common infections worldwide, it is estimated that about 3.5 billion
people are affected, and that 450 million are ill as a result of these infestations, lead to physical and mental
health problems such as iron deficiency anaemia, growth retardation, and lack of concentration the majority are
being children that .Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of caregivers
about intestinal parasitic infestations at EL-Minia City. Subjects and methods: Descriptive research design was
used in this study to identify the knowledge and practices of caregivers about intestinal parasitic infestations;
the study was conducted in four primary governmental schools. These were Saad Zaglol, Tark ebn Ziad, Elfath
and EL-shaheed schools at EL-Minia city. Tool of the study included a structured interview sheet it include
two parts a) the demographic characteristics it includes (child age, child sex, residence, education and
occupation of caregivers …….etc)The Caregivers knowledge regarding the intestinal infestation and consists of
the following: (definition, types of intestinal worm, cycle of Pin worm and Ascariasis, mode of transmission,
prevention, treatment B: The second tool (observational check list): was developed for assessing house
environmental sanitation and assessing the caregiver's practices. Results: There was a highly statistically
significant difference between the caregivers’ and their knowledge about intestinal infestation. Also, there with
highly statistically significant difference between caregivers and their practices this study found that significant
improvement of knowledge, practices of caregivers regarding intestinal parasitic infestations.
Recommendations: Encourage the role of the community health nurse in health education for prevention and
controlling of intestinal infestation.
Keywords: intestinal infestation, caregiver knowledge. Practices

Background: Oral health is fundamental to general health and well-being. Little is known about the oral health attitudes and behavior of children from developing countries such as Egypt in comparison with those from developed countries. Objective: To study the oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practice among primary school children in rural areas of Assiut governorate. methods: A cross-sectional school-based study design was carried out. Data were collected by using structured interview questionnaires. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of primary school children regarding their oral health and dental treatment. Results: This study included 1036 primary school students distributed along 8 public schools in 4 districts of Assiut governorate. The overall knowledge was satisfactory in 22.2% of students. The overall attitude was positive in 72.3% of students. About 60% of children usually clean their teeth. The most commonly used material for teeth cleaning was tooth brush and tooth paste (65.9%). Parents follow the children during teeth cleaning in 18.9% of cases. 55.6% of children visited the dentist before. In general, the most common cause of dentist's visit was suffering from toothache (75.3%). It was concluded that knowledge and practice about oral health among study participants were poor and needs to be improved. Therefore, comprehensive oral health educational programs for both children and their parents are required to achieve this goal.
Key words: knowledge, attitude, practice, oral health, school children, rural Assiut.

Abstract: Childhood injuries may result in death or significant disability, with significant number of years of
productive life lost to society. In Egypt, the overall prevalence is high among children below the age of 5 years. The
aim of this study was to compare preschool injuries between urban and rural communities in Assiut Governorate.
This cross-sectional comparative research was carried out in Assiut city and surrounding rural areas on 2 groups 200
mothers each, one rural and one urban. An interview questionnaire sheet was designed to collect data regarding
preschool child injuries after pilot testing. Data collection lasted from November 2010 to May 2011. The results
showed similarity in the personal and family characteristics of the two groups with few exceptions as enrollment in
nurseries and parents; education, while the housing conditions were better in urban group. More rural (70.5%) than
urban (58.0%) children experienced injuries (p=0.009). Household injuries were higher in rural (p<0.001), while
street injuries were higher in urban children (p=0.026). Also, more urban children had fractures or dislocations
(p=0.008) and smoke inhalation (p=0.048). The most common injury site in both groups was the extremities. For
first aid, more urban mothers used disinfectants and bandaging (p<0.001), whereas more rural mothers used coffee
(p<0.001) and oven dust (p=0.004). The role of the nurse was more prominent in the urban (65.5%) compared with
rural (21.3%) samples, p<0.001. Mother's job status had significant relation with the occurrence of injuries
(p<0.001). The conclusion is that rural preschool children are more prone to injuries compared to urban ones, and
they have less adequate first aid management. The study recommends improving the level of parents’ education,
especially unemployed mothers regarding household injuries and first aid management. The role of the nurse needs
to be fostered.
[Soad sayed Bayomi and Amal Ahmed Mobarak. Preschool Children Injuries in Rural and Urban Communities
at Assiut Governorate: A Comparative Study. J Am Sci 2013;9(5):203-211]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 27
Key Words: Child, Injuries, Accidents, First-aid

The study aimed to determine students feeling and attitude toward family health care through
home visits at Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University. This study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing
Assiut University. The total sample size was136 fourth year students. Self administered questionnaire
was designed by the researchers to collect the data needed for the study. It consists of three main
parts. The first part was concerned with personal characteristics of study sample. The second part
included open ended questions regarding student's feelings before family visits, students' feeling after
preparation for family visit and during family visits. The third part included questions about student's
feelings after doing family visits, feeling safe during family visits. Also the reasons of their feeling safe
and unsafe during family visits. As well as student's willingness to choice community health nursing as
a carrier and the reasons for agree and disagree to be a community health nurse. Also attitude scale
used to measure students attitude toward benefits of home visit training, importance of pre- field
training and the impact of home visit training. Data was collected during the period from the beginning
of November 2008 to the end of March 2009. Results of the present study revealed that most of the
study sample in the age category 21 to 23 years (61.8%) and (53.7%) of them were resident in rural
areas, (49.3%) of their fathers were employees and (76.5%) of their mothers were house wives. Before
preparation for family visits (89.0%) had negative feeling. It improved to (86.0%) during home visit had
positive feeling and (89.0%) of them had positive feeling after doing family visits. Also the results
illustrated that (63.2%) had negative attitude pre training of family visit it improved to (50.0%) had
positive attitude during family visits and (62.5%) had negative attitude after family visit training. The
results shows that (21.3%) only want to be a community health nurse. The study recommended to
develop home care field, nursing scientists of community health nursing and geriatric nursing should
make clarify what nurses provide to individuals, families and community.

A rapid population growth is a burden on the resources of many developing countries. Unregulated fertility,which contributes to such situations, compromises the economic development and political stability of these
countries. Contraceptive use is the lowest in Yemen where about 1 out of 5 married women of reproductive age
use contraception and only about 1 out of 10 married women use a modern method. The study conducted to
evaluate the impact of implementing an educational program of family planning upon Yemeni women at Sana'a
City. The study was Quasi-experimental research design. It was conducted in Al-Sabeen Hospital and Al-Olofi
Center for Childhood and Motherhood which included a sample of one hundred and forty women, divided
equally into two groups: study group and control group (seventy for each group). It included three tools; tool one
a social demographic data and women’ knowledge about family planning. Tool two women’ attitude toward birth
control. Tool three educational program about family planning. More than half of the control group (57.1%)
whose age was between 30 years and less than 40 years and (40%) of studied group and (45.7 %) of the control
group had preparatory education. The number of pregnancies was more than two fifth (41.4%) of the study group
had three or more times while (58.6%) about two third for the control group. Unwanted pregnancy represented
(64.3% and 57.1% respectively) of both study and control group. Women' knowledge had a poor score on pretest,
improved to good score on immediate post test, and remaining good score with slight decrease on follow up test.
Their attitudes score were slight positive attitudes on pretest, but increased on immediate post test, and on follow
up test. There was highly statistically significant difference between the women’ knowledge about FP in pre,
immediate post test and follow-up. Also, there was a highly statistically significant difference between women’
attitude in pre and immediate post test and follow-up test. Family planning program should involve men as well
as women, design and implement a strategy to ensure all primary health care clinics provide counseling on FP.
Keywords: Family planning, Control birth, Spacing, Contraception.

Health promoting behaviors and psychosocial well being are important determinants of health status and quality of

life. Aim of the study: Assess the health promoting lifestyle of nursing student's at Assuit University. Methods

Across-sectional descriptive research design carried out in Assiut University included 1045 students from faculty of

nursing (430 students), technical institute of nursing (323 students) and secondary nursing school (292 students).

Tools: Data collected by using two tools; tool (1): interview form consisted of two parts; first part included

sociodemographic data. The second part included assessment of anthropometric measurement was used to record

weight and height measurements for all students then calculate BMI. Tool (2): Health Promoting Life Style Profile

(HPLP) scale, the scale consists of 48 items. Result: 39.1% of the studied students were their age more than 17-

years. The mean score of health promoting life style among studied students is higher in self-actualization and health

(38.12 ± 7.46 and 25.07 ± 6.51) respectively. Conclusion: The mean score of health promoting life style among

studied students is higher in self-actualization and health (38.12 ± 7.46 and 25.07 ± 6.51) respectively.

Recommendation: Increasing Health education programs for students about how to maintain health promote and

achieve maximum level of well-being and avoid risky behaviors.

Key words: Health Promoting life style, Nursing Students & Assiut University

Abstract: Nurses have relied on expert and opinions in clinical decision-making. However, these ways of practicing may be unsafe. Experienced-based knowledge may be associated with biased thinking that lead to errors. Scientific research is the standard by which sciences derive knowledge. This study aims to explore factors influencing the effective implementation of evidence-based practice among nurses working in outpatients clinics in hospitals of Assiut city. A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out on 807 nurses. Data were collected by interview questionnaires from January to June 2014. The present study included 414 nurses working in Assiut University Hospitals and 393 nurses from hospitals of Ministry of Health. Nearly 40% of the both studied groups never looked for information, research or evidence to support their nursing practice. Facilitators of evidence based practice were perceived slightly higher by the nurses working in Assiut University Hospitals than the other group. There are statistically significant differences between nurses working in Assiut University hospitals and nurses of Ministry of Health regarding reported facilitators and barriers of implementation of evidence-based practice. Improvement of nursing education, training and reducing barriers to implement research findings as evidence are essential steps to use of research evidence in clinical practice. Keywords: Evidence Based Practice, Nursing, Perception

Background: Egypt's population encroach 100 million, the government is trying to change the people's minds. The government launched a family planning campaign two children enough to challenge the traditions of large families in rural Egypt. Family planning is a main point to control growth of population and promoting maternal and child health Aim: to assess attitude and practice of Egyptian married women toward using contraceptive methods to encourage campaign two-children enough. And compare between attitude and practice of women who had <3 children and those who had ≥3 children. Methods: descriptive research design conducted at antenatal outpatient clinic of Woman's Health Hospital, Assiut University. A total number of 500 women recruited for the study which divided into two groups; group1 (250 women who had <3 children) and group2 (250 women who had ≥3 children). An interview questionnaire that divided into three parts was used. Results: it was found that the majority of studied women (82.8%) in group1 and (74.0%) in group2 agreed with the campaign with highly statistical significant difference between both groups p-value 0.001. Conclusion: the majority of the women in both group had a positive attitude toward family planning methods. Recommendations: The need for an educational programme for both the healthcare providers and the nursing women and media awareness campaigns should be tailored to encourage campaign.

Keywords: attitudepracticecontraceptive methodscampaigntwo children enough