Abstract
Every second for every day, people around the world of all ages need blood transfusions to survive. Millions of blood units were collected from donors every year but demands are increasing day by day that is pushing for sufficient and timely provision of blood donation .Aim : To assess knowledge and attitude about blood donation among nursing students. Methods: descriptive design was used in this study. Convenient sample of 1445 students who participated in the study (433 males and 1012 females).Two tools were used for data collection, first tools-An Arabic structured self-administrative questionnaire sheet which consisted of two parts : part one was personal characteristic, second part are include knowledge about blood donation second tools- Attitude scale developed by Manikandan etal ,2013 toward blood donation. Results: The mean studied students was 19.51 ± 1.90 , around two -thirds of them were female and had satisfactory knowledge about blood donation .conclusion :Although small percent of studied students had good level of knowledge regarding blood donation, the vast majority of them had positive attitude .Recommendation: Increase the awareness of students regarding blood donation through visual aids. The curriculum components of nursing students should be include the basic part about blood donation from all its aspect
Key Words: Knowledge, Attitude ,Nursing students ,Blood donation

Abstract Primary dysmenorrhea is common problem among adolescent which can have negative effects on their daily activities .Aim: to evaluate the effect of stretching exercise on primary dysmenorrhea among secondary girl students at Assiut city .Subject and Methods: Quazi experimental research design was used in this study included 666 students ,while the students having dysmenorrhea 515 were selected by using multi stage random sample and the program implement on169 students from Assiut city .Through a period from September 2018 to the April 2019.Four tools were used for data collection ,first tool:A structured self-administered questionnaire which consisted of two parts: first part included personal characteristics, second part: knowledge about menstruation and dysmenorrhea of adolescents girls .Tools (II):Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System, tools (III): Visual Analogue scale used to assess the severity of dysmenorrhea .Tools (IV):observational checklist was used for evaluation stretching exercise. Results: The mean age of students ±SD was 16.31±0.9 (15.0-19.0).Regarding to the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among studied students ,it was found that more than three quarters(77.3%) were suffering from dysmenorrhea .Conclusion: It was found that there was a statistical significant difference regarding the degree of dysmenorrhea and stretching exercise. Recommendation: Improve student's awareness and knowledge about effect of physical stretching exercise by incorporating this topic into curriculums Key Words: prevalence, adolescent, primary dysmenorrhea, stretching exercise

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The study aimed to: assess employees' knowledge regarding glaucoma. Methods: Descriptive research design carried out in Assiut University. It included 1000 employees aged forty year and more. Tools: Data collected by using three tools; tool (1): included demographic characteristics, second tool included assessment of ophthalmic, medical and family history of the employees, while the third tool included assessment of knowledge regarding the glaucoma. The main results of present study were: it was found that more than 21.1% of employees were suffering from different types of eye diseases. (94.5%) of the employees had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding to glaucoma, there was a statistical significant difference between employees' level of knowledge and their education. It concluded that: The employees had unsatisfactory knowledge about glaucoma. It was recommended that: health education programs should be implemented for employees with chronic disease every year

Background & Objective(s): The present study aimed to assess women’s knowledge and attitude

towards ODS (obstetric danger signs) among pregnant women in Upper Egypt and improve women's

knowledge through the implementation of an educational program.

Methods: a quasi-experimental study was conducted among 300 pregnant women attending antenatal

clinics. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires which were distributed to the

participants during face to face interview with the researchers. An educational program was

implemented to enhance women's knowledge of ODS. Data analysis was done using the SPSS

program, version (24).

Results: A total of 300 pregnant women were enrolled in the present study. Socio-demographic

factors such as increased age, higher educational level, rural residence, and larger family size were

shown to significantly influence knowledge about obstetric danger signs. Furthermore, antenatal and

obstetric risk factors such as high parity, more number of antenatal visits, history of abortion or

medical disease and previous exposure to ODS were shown to be significantly associated with more

knowledge about ODS. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the significant predictors that

influence the participants' knowledge were women's education and the number of antenatal visits.

Most of the study participants had a positive attitude towards ODS (82.3%). The overall knowledge

score was increased significantly after the implementation of the educational program from 9.4±4.97

to 27.93±4.4.

Conclusion: The study revealed that most of the study participants had a positive attitude towards

ODS. The implementation of an education program had a positive effect on increasing women's

knowledge about ODS. Health care providers should educate the women about ODS during their

antenatal visits as they are the primary source of women's knowledge.

Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, educational program, obstetric danger signs, pregnant women

Background & Objective(s): Hairdressers are exposed to various health hazards in their work

environment. This study aims to assess the working conditions, knowledge, and practices regarding

hazardous work exposure, in addition to identifying potential occupational health problems and their

associated variables.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including 151 female hairdressers was conducted in Assiut city,

Upper Egypt. An interview questionnaire was used to record personal and job characteristics,

descriptions of workplace environments, and knowledge and practices regarding occupational health

risks and self-reported health problems. Standard assessment of weight and height was performed,

and body mass index was calculated.

Results: Insufficient ventilation of salons was reported by 67.5% of the hairdressers, and first aid

measures were available for only 15.2%. Low awareness was found regarding blood-borne diseases

transmitted through hair salons. Approximately 70% were disinfecting their equipment, and 12.4%

performed this after each customer. The most frequent chronic musculoskeletal complaints were low

back (22.5%), shoulder (17.2%), and wrist pain (16.6%). Nearly 24% complained from varicose

veins. Varicose veins and knee pain were significantly associated with increases in age and working

years. Neck pain was significantly associated with increases in age and being employed or owner of

the hairdressing salon.

Conclusion: Proper working conditions and safe practices of the studied hairdressers were

insufficient. High awareness was found regarding the possibility of disease transmission through hair

salons. However, only a few of them identified these diseases and their transmission modes.

Moreover, they complained of musculoskeletal pain, varicose veins, and respiratory symptoms.

Recommendations: Pre-employment health education programs should be provided for Egyptian

hairdressers, and maintenance of hairdressing salons should be checked regularly.

Keywords: Hairdressers, working conditions, practices, occupational health hazards, Egypt

Background: Early awareness of pregnant women about neonatal jaundice (NNJ) has an essential role in preventing severe hyperbilirubinemia and its dangerous complications. Aim: the study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding NNJ and to evaluate the effect of an educational program for neonatal jaundice among the target population. Subject and methods: three hundred pregnant women attended the Antenatal Clinic at Women Health Hospital in Assiut University were divided into 150 pregnant women as study and 150 as control groups. Quasi-experimental research design was applied. Tool: Using a structured interview questionnaire including five parts; personal data, obstetric, medical and family history, assessment of knowledge, attitude toward neonatal jaundice, and neonatal follow up. Results: There was a statistically significance difference between level of knowledge and attitude in pre-vs. post-test in the study group compared with the control group and there was statistical evidence of neonatal outcomes for improving women's breast feeding and decrease number of jaundice days. Conclusion: This study revealed that pregnant women had inadequate knowledge regarding NNJ and their attitude was negative while the application of an educational program has led to significant improvement in the level of women's knowledge and attitude in the study group, which was reflected on the newborn positively. Recommendations: Implementing a routine health education program for pregnant women about NNJ and raising awareness of the relatives as they were identified as the main source of

Abstract:
Aging is a normal process that implies continued growth, development and adaptation until death. Moreover, the elderly can be a burden to themselves, their families and their communities. The present study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of workers in Assiut University toward the elderly care. The subjects of the study consist of 624 working personnel in different faculties in Assiut University setting. They were chosen using proportion allocation method which was 25% of the total number of working personnel in each faculty, the total number of the workers in Assiut University was 2558. The results revealed that the mean age.ofthe workers was 37.2 ±11.6; females represented 60% of the studied sample, 44% of them were highly educated, and 81.0% of them living in urban communities, 45.8% of them living with elderly persons at home, while 54.2% not living with them. Majority of the studied sample had good knowledge regarding to the changes, which occur to the elderly, such as nutrition, sleeping problems, accident and exercise, while the majority of them had a poor knowledge regarding health promotion and disease prevention of the elderly. Only 14.7% of the studied sample had a satisfactory degree of practice toward the elderly care and the rest of them had a poor degree of practice. Females in studied sample had more score in practice than males. Those living in rural communities also had more score in knowledge and practice than those living in urban communities. The portion of the studied sample that was living with elderly persons, at their homes had high score in knowledge and practice than who were not living with them. The present study can recommend developing homebased
care programs for elders who are residing at home and raising family awareness of the ways of keeping good physical and mental health of the elderly through information booklets and mass media