Second Hand Smoking is a significant public health problem that may be associated with serious health problems. Exposure to Second hand smoking may increase the risk of developing lung cancer, heart disease, intrauterine growth retardation and childhood asthma.

Aim of the study:

investigate the relation between women’s knowledge and their exposure to second hand smoking in outpatient clinics at Woman Health Hospital.

Subjects and methods:

Descriptive Cross-sectional design was used. Quota sample of 700 women was participated.

Tool:

an interview questionnaire was used it included three parts: part one: socio- demographic characteristics, part two History of exposure to second hand smoking. Part three: Second hand smoking knowledge questionnaire. Results 73.3% of studied women were exposed to second hand smoking, 45.7% of them had poor knowledge about second hand smoking.

Conclusion:

The majority of participated women are exposed to second hand smoking at their homes also; more than one - third of them have poor knowledge regarding second hand smoking.

Recommendations:

Regular programs should be conducted to increase public awareness regarding effects of second-hand smoking through different mass media especially T.V.

ABSTRACT
Rehabilitation plays an important role in improving functional recovery of patients in all stages of care.
Aim: To evaluate impact of rehabilitation program for elderly patients with hip fracture.
Materials and Method: Quasi-experimental study was conducted in inpatient orthopedic department and
follow-up was done at orthopedic outpatient the clinic at Sohag University Hospital. Purposive sample was
done on 76 patients at divided into two groups equal number for each group (38). Data was collected from
September 2014 to September 2015. Data was collected by using two tools.
Tool (I): A structured interview sheet included two parts.
Tool (II): included three parts, Assessment of walking condition, level of pain & Modified Barthel Index.
Results: About two thirds of elderly patients aged between 60 to 70 years, more than half of them were
females, most common type of hip fracture was intertrochanteric fracture, and main cause of hip fracture is
due to falling down.
Conclusion: There is a statistical significant difference between study and control groups regarding
incidence of complications, walking ability and level of dependency.
Recommendations: It is necessary to increase the role of nurses to bring about public awareness about hip
fracture through the mass media, and also booklet about rehabilitation instruction for the elderly and their
relative.
Keywords: Hip fracture, Elderly, Rehabilitation program

Abstract: The dental clinic is an environment where disease transmission occurs easily. Infections may be transmitted in the dental clinics to dental patients through several routes direct or indirect. The descriptive research design was on (386) dental patients using a systematic random sample technique. The study was conducted at dental out patients' clinics at Assiut University Hospitals. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data, it consists of two main parts the socio-demographic characteristics and dental patient level of knowledge in additions to likert scale to assess attitude. The main findings of this study were: mean age was 33.2 year. The great majority (94.9%) of dental patients who had low level of education had poor knowledge. While 4.9% of dental patients who had high level of education had good knowledge regarding cross- infection control measures and there was a statistically significant relation between educational level and total level of knowledge. 39.4% & 60.6% of male and female respectively had positive attitude and there is a statistically significant relation between sex, level of education and occupation and dental patient's attitude regarding infection control measures. Regarding the behavior of dental patient toward cross infection, the great majority ( 95.8%) mentioned that they will refuse the treatment and only 4.2% will accept This study recommend health education program by the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, aimed at promoting knowledge and attitude of dental patients toward cross infection control measures in dental clinics through mass media.
Keywords: Knowledge; Attitude; Behaviours; Cross-Infection; Infection Control; Dental Patients; Dental Clinics.

Abstract: Oral health is an integral part of general health. In the elderly population poor oral health has been considered a risk factor for general health problems. The study aimed to:Improving elderly knowledge, and practice about oral and dentalcare. Subjects and method: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized.This study was conducted in dental out-patients clinics of El-eman and El-shamla hospitals.at Assiut city, Egypt. The total number of sample was 130 elderly.Tools: Three tools were used. ToolI: structured interview questionnaire. It includes socio-demographic characteristics and question related to knowledge& reported practice), ToolII: reported practice about general oral health care. ToolIII: brief oral health status examination scale (BOHSE). Results:The study showed that all the studied elderly had unsatisfactory knowledge in pretest which was improved to (96.9%) had satisfactory knowledge in posttest. In addition only (4.6%) of the studied elderly had adequate reported practice about tooth brushing in pretest, which were improved to (95.4%) in posttest. Conclusion: the total and the most of the studied elderly had unsatisfactory knowledge and inadequate reported practice in pretest respectively. Which were improved among the vast majority in posttest. Recommendations: Providing health education programin the dental outpatient clinics about oral health to improve knowledge and practice of the elderly people. Key words: Elderly, Oral Health, Knowledge, Reported Practice.

Abstract Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the psychological level of future anxiety and its relationship with body image and self-concept among adolescents with burn injury at Sohage City. Patients and methods: Design: A Cross sectional cohort descriptive study. Setting: This study was conducted in the burn care unit of faculty of medicine, Sohag University. Sample: A convenient sample of 90 patients with different degrees of burn injury with age range of 12 -18 years old. Tools: A Questionnaire sheet containing socio-demographic data and characteristics of the burn injury including site and cause. Tool II: The 3 main scales of this study were designed by the researchers depending on the related published scales with the required modifications. Results: There were high level of anxiety regarding future (137.01 ± 23.72 representing 78.28% of the total score), high level of dissatisfaction regarding body image (80.63 ± 12.27 representing 83.98% of the total score) and high level of disturbance of the self-concept among adolescents with burn injury was (72.31 ± 6.10 representing 77.75% of the total score). There was positive correlation between anxiety regarding the future and both body image dissatisfaction and disturbed self-concept among adolescents with burn injury. Conclusion: adolescents with burn injury showed higher levels of body image dissatisfaction due to burn injury that resulted in disturbed self-concept which led to higher levels of anxiety concerning the future. These psychosocial changes correlated positively with age of the adolescents and their levels of education. Key Word: Adolescents, Burn Injury, Future anxiety, Body image, Self-concept, Scales

Abstract Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the psychological level of future anxiety and its relationship with body image and self-concept among adolescents with burn injury at Sohage City. Patients and methods: Design: A Cross sectional cohort descriptive study. Setting: This study was conducted in the burn care unit of faculty of medicine, Sohag University. Sample: A convenient sample of 90 patients with different degrees of burn injury with age range of 12 -18 years old. Tools: A Questionnaire sheet containing socio-demographic data and characteristics of the burn injury including site and cause. Tool II: The 3 main scales of this study were designed by the researchers depending on the related published scales with the required modifications. Results: There were high level of anxiety regarding future (137.01 ± 23.72 representing 78.28% of the total score), high level of dissatisfaction regarding body image (80.63 ± 12.27 representing 83.98% of the total score) and high level of disturbance of the self-concept among adolescents with burn injury was (72.31 ± 6.10 representing 77.75% of the total score). There was positive correlation between anxiety regarding the future and both body image dissatisfaction and disturbed self-concept among adolescents with burn injury. Conclusion: adolescents with burn injury showed higher levels of body image dissatisfaction due to burn injury that resulted in disturbed self-concept which led to higher levels of anxiety concerning the future. These psychosocial changes correlated positively with age of the adolescents and their levels of education. Key Word: Adolescents, Burn Injury, Future anxiety, Body image, Self-concept, Scales

Abstract: Background: Endometriosis is recognized as the ‘disease of young girls’ because it seems to be more common in
young girls. Early diagnosis is greatly essential to receive appropriate treatment and avoid complications. Aim of the study: to
evaluate severe dysmenorrhea for early recognition of endometriosis among adolescent girls. Subject and Methods: Crosssectional
descriptive design was used in this study. The study included 571 adolescent girls from 4 representative elementary
schools in Assiut city. A structured Questionnaire was developed by the investigators and included four parts: Part I:
demographic data; Part II: menstrual pattern: Part III. Pain history including: a. pain characteristics. b. Menstrual pain
associating symptoms: c. Pain level: using of Horizontal Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 0-10 points. Part IV: finding of Transabdominal
ultrasound (AUS) for those with severe dysmenorrhea. Field work: The study passed through three phases including
assessment, implementation, and follow up phases with a period of 7 months. Results: the majority of the girls were between
the age of 13 - 14 years. According to VAS, severe dysmenorrhea was reported in 68 girls (15%). Positive ultrasonography
findings suggestive of endometriosis were reported among 57.4% of girls who had severe dysmenorrhea. The majority (71.2%)
of those girls with severe dysmenorrhea responded to hormonal treatment while 28.2% not responded. There was a positive
correlation between number of symptoms associating dysmenorrhea and the pain level. Conclusions and recommendations:
Moderate and severe dysmenorrhea are common among adolescent. Those girls who had severe dysmenorrhea and more than
five symptoms associating dysmenorrhea might be suspected to have endometriosis. Further large scale study is essential with
the use of more informative investigations as MRI and laparoscopy to gain accurate estimate of the prevalence of the disease
and its types.
Keywords: Endometriosis, Dysmenorrhea, Adolescent Girls

Abstract: Background: Endometriosis is recognized as the ‘disease of young girls’ because it seems to be more common in
young girls. Early diagnosis is greatly essential to receive appropriate treatment and avoid complications. Aim of the study: to
evaluate severe dysmenorrhea for early recognition of endometriosis among adolescent girls. Subject and Methods: Crosssectional
descriptive design was used in this study. The study included 571 adolescent girls from 4 representative elementary
schools in Assiut city. A structured Questionnaire was developed by the investigators and included four parts: Part I:
demographic data; Part II: menstrual pattern: Part III. Pain history including: a. pain characteristics. b. Menstrual pain
associating symptoms: c. Pain level: using of Horizontal Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 0-10 points. Part IV: finding of Transabdominal
ultrasound (AUS) for those with severe dysmenorrhea. Field work: The study passed through three phases including
assessment, implementation, and follow up phases with a period of 7 months. Results: the majority of the girls were between
the age of 13 - 14 years. According to VAS, severe dysmenorrhea was reported in 68 girls (15%). Positive ultrasonography
findings suggestive of endometriosis were reported among 57.4% of girls who had severe dysmenorrhea. The majority (71.2%)
of those girls with severe dysmenorrhea responded to hormonal treatment while 28.2% not responded. There was a positive
correlation between number of symptoms associating dysmenorrhea and the pain level. Conclusions and recommendations:
Moderate and severe dysmenorrhea are common among adolescent. Those girls who had severe dysmenorrhea and more than
five symptoms associating dysmenorrhea might be suspected to have endometriosis. Further large scale study is essential with
the use of more informative investigations as MRI and laparoscopy to gain accurate estimate of the prevalence of the disease
and its types.
Keywords: Endometriosis, Dysmenorrhea, Adolescent Girls

Background: Child labor is a pervasive problem in Egypt. For the last two decades there has been growing concern for child labor across the globe and several efforts are being made by the governments and civil society organizations to eliminate child labor. It has a great impact on child health whether psychosocially or physically. Objectives: this study aimed to assess the impact of child labor on the psychosocial development of under fourteen years in Assiut. Design: A descriptive research design was used in this study. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 248 children divided equally into two groups (working children and school children). Data are collected using an interview questionnaire sheet.

Results: the present results revealed that children work because the family is in need of financial support or children fail in school. Also, the results revealed that working children had lower score of anger control and had elevated scores regarding excessive suffering and weak ego strength. Conclusion: Even work has negative effect on their Psychosocial condition, but it also has positive effect as the children become independent. From the study results the researcher recommended that the ministry of manpower must have strict enforcement and real application of existing law against all forms of child labor.

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Every year more than 10 million children under the age of five years die, mainly from one of a short list of causes which already can prevented through successful base of exclusive breastfeeding. Although WHO and Unice if recommends early initiation of breastfeeding (within an hour from birth) and exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. The exclusive breastfeeding rate and early initiation to breastfeeding are still very low, because there are many factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding such as, lack of knowledge, lactation problems, poor family and social support, social norms, embarrassment, employment and child care, and health services. As well, a lot of barriers to successful exclusive breastfeeding among employed mothers have been identified in the work environment such as company policies/work culture, manager support/lack of support, co-worker support/lack of support, and the physical environment of the breastfeeding space. So; we see there is a need for implementation of an educational program through primary health care settings as well mass media to improve, promote and support the exclusive breastfeeding practices, both national and international among working and non-mothers should be done.