Introduction: Objectives May-Thurner syndrome (or iliac vein compression syndrome, IVCS), is referred to iliac vein compression by the iliac artery against the spine. It is commonly found as an underlying cause of iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The syndrome is mostly seen in women (in the second through the fourth decades of age) and on the left side. In this article, we describe a rare presentation of IVCS in male patients with bilateral May-Thurner syndrome. Methods: Five male patients (mean age was 45.5, SD 14.0 year), presented with bilateral leg edema and recurrent active venous ulcers for more than one years that failed consistent compression therapy. All patient have no current or previous history of DVT. IVCS was diagnosed using Duplex ultrasound and direct multi-slice computed tomography-venogram (CTV). Endovascular treatment was performed in the form of bilateral common iliac vein stenting (WALLSTENT, Boston Scientific), Radiofrequency ablation of great saphenous vein (GSV) was done for one patients with GSV reflux. Vascular Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), Visual Analog Score (VAS), and Venous Disability Score (VDS) were assessed preoperatively, at one month and 6 months after the intervention. Results: The intervention was technically successful with no perioperative complications in all patients. At 1-month follow-up, the venous ulcers were completely healed on both sides in all patients (9 limb), one limb in one patient need additional ablation of the refluxing GSV. VCSS, VDS, VAS have improved to 6/27, 2/4, 3/10 compared to preoperative values of 14/27, 3/4, and 7/10, respectively. All patients were free of pain with no residual edema in both legs. At 6 months follow-up: VCSS, VDS and VAS have improved to 4/27, 0/4, and 1/10, respectively, compared to the preoperative values baseline values. Conclusion: May-Thurner syndrome is a relatively common anatomical variant where iliac vein compression is typically presented with venous insufficiency symptoms on the left lower extremity in middle aged women. This report is to describe a rare presentation of symptomatic bilateral May-Thurner syndrome in a male patient. All patients were successfully treated with stenting of both common iliac veins, which improved the patients' symptoms including complete healing of the venous ulcers in both legs. In conclusion, the conventional endovascular treatment of May-Thurner syndrome can also be an effective treatment option of male patients with atypical presentation of IVCS.

Objective: There are evidences indicating that diazepam administration inhibits cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. The benefits of melatonin against diazepam-induced proliferative activity, morphological and level of testosterone changes were investigated in this study. Materials & methods: Three equal-sized groups of male rats [control, diazepam (3 mg/kg) and diazepam plus melatonin (10 mg/kg)] were used. Levels of testosterone hormone in the serum were measured. Cell proliferation was detected by autoradiography and the morphological alterations were investigated. Results: Results documented decreased both 3H-labelling index (proliferative activity) and the levels of testosterone with marked histopathological alterations in the seminiferous tubules of diazepamadministered rats versus those of controls. When melatonin was given to diazepam-administered rats, it stimulates the decrease of labelling index, restored the levels of testosterone and preserves the alterations and number of different germ cell types in all stages of the seminiferous tubules. Conclusion: These results suggest long-term hazard in use of drugs such as diazepam may be toxic and damage terminates in complex testes dysfunction and infertility. Furthermore, melatonin may be useful in combating testes injury resulting from hazard and/or repeated diazepam administration.

Objective: There are evidences indicating that diazepam administration inhibits cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. The benefits of melatonin against diazepam-induced proliferative activity, morphological and level of testosterone changes were investigated in this study. Materials & methods: Three equal-sized groups of male rats [control, diazepam (3 mg/kg) and diazepam plus melatonin (10 mg/kg)] were used. Levels of testosterone hormone in the serum were measured. Cell proliferation was detected by autoradiography and the morphological alterations were investigated. Results: Results documented decreased both 3H-labelling index (proliferative activity) and the levels of testosterone with marked histopathological alterations in the seminiferous tubules of diazepamadministered rats versus those of controls. When melatonin was given to diazepam-administered rats, it stimulates the decrease of labelling index, restored the levels of testosterone and preserves the alterations and number of different germ cell types in all stages of the seminiferous tubules. Conclusion: These results suggest long-term hazard in use of drugs such as diazepam may be toxic and damage terminates in complex testes dysfunction and infertility. Furthermore, melatonin may be useful in combating testes injury resulting from hazard and/or repeated diazepam administration.

Rationale Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful research tool and has been proved to provide additional clinically relevant information for several diseases such as brain tumors, metabolic disorders, and systemic diseases. Aim The aims of this study were to evaluate cerebral metabolic imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to correlate the abnormalities with spirometric and gasometric parameters.

Rationale Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful research tool and has been proved to provide additional clinically relevant information for several diseases such as brain tumors, metabolic disorders, and systemic diseases. Aim The aims of this study were to evaluate cerebral metabolic imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to correlate the abnormalities with spirometric and gasometric parameters.

Rationale Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful research tool and has been proved to provide additional clinically relevant information for several diseases such as brain tumors, metabolic disorders, and systemic diseases. Aim The aims of this study were to evaluate cerebral metabolic imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to correlate the abnormalities with spirometric and gasometric parameters.

Rationale Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful research tool and has been proved to provide additional clinically relevant information for several diseases such as brain tumors, metabolic disorders, and systemic diseases. Aim The aims of this study were to evaluate cerebral metabolic imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to correlate the abnormalities with spirometric and gasometric parameters.

Rationale Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful research tool and has been proved to provide additional clinically relevant information for several diseases such as brain tumors, metabolic disorders, and systemic diseases. Aim The aims of this study were to evaluate cerebral metabolic imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to correlate the abnormalities with spirometric and gasometric parameters.

Rationale Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful research tool and has been proved to provide additional clinically relevant information for several diseases such as brain tumors, metabolic disorders, and systemic diseases. Aim The aims of this study were to evaluate cerebral metabolic imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to correlate the abnormalities with spirometric and gasometric parameters.

PURPOSE: to evaluate cognitive dysfunction in COPD patients and to relate it to the severity obtained from spirometric and gasometric parameters. METHODS: in a case—control study design, twenty five COPD patients and twenty five age and sex matched healthy control subjects were compared. Wechsler adult intelligence scale III (WAIS-III), Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Eventrelated potentials P-300 used to evaluate cognition in COPD patients subjectively and objectively respectively.