Steam boilers are widely used in power generation and industrial processes. Improving their efficiency is crucial for enhancing sustainability and reducing operating costs. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to map the evolving research landscape on steam boiler efficiency improvement from 2014 to 2023. A literature search in the Scopus database retrieved 3574 publications. This study employs bibliometric analysis using Bibliometrix R packages and VOSViewer software to examine research trends, focusing on publication growth, key journals, influential authors, and emerging themes in steam boiler efficiency improvement. The results indicate a significant increase in annual research output, reflecting sustained global efforts in the field. China leads in both the volume and impact of contributions. Key research themes include materials development, innovative designs, heat recovery, and sustainable solutions. Notable publications emphasize eco-friendly approaches such as solar and organic thermoelectrics. Prolific authors from China, the United States, and Europe have shaped the discourse through influential collaborations. Emerging trends highlight a growing focus on renewable energy integration, advanced thermal management, and computational methodologies. This study consolidates knowledge on enhancing steam boiler efficiency through both quantitative and qualitative analyses, showcasing remarkable progress driven by dedicated international efforts. These insights can inform future strategies and inspire innovation in optimizing this critical energy conversion process.